Objectives: The paper offers an expanded framework for conducting empirical research on resilient... more Objectives: The paper offers an expanded framework for conducting empirical research on resilient aging. Methods: We review the conceptual frameworks for resilient aging and incorporate the role of economic factors as resources that contribute to resilience, in addition to social and psychological factors emphasized in the existing literature. Moreover, the idea of reinforcing cycles of resilience is incorporated in the framework. Existing empirical evidence that supports the conceptual arguments is presented. Results: Examples from Mexico and other low-middle-income countries are included, as well as from high-income countries. Data requirements for applying the conceptual framework in empirical analysis and the state of data availability are examined. We illustrate the measures that are available for this purpose using the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Discussion: We discuss and conclude that the state of the field is rich in data to conduct empirical work on resilience in old age.
Study on the linkages between women's productive and procreative activities. Using household ... more Study on the linkages between women's productive and procreative activities. Using household level data from 1985, the study focuses on the interrelationships between women's labour force activities and child care policy in metropolitan Brazil. It discusses a wide range of policy concerns, including the need for quality non-parental child care alternatives, the education of older children and improvements in the social and economic status of mothers. Bibliography and statistical tables.
The interrelationship of Brazils increase in womens labor force participation rate (37.6% in 1985... more The interrelationship of Brazils increase in womens labor force participation rate (37.6% in 1985) primarily outside of agriculture and the related issues of nonparental child care was studied. This relationship stands alone in statistical modeling in a developing country; most studies have been either descriptive or confined to developed countries such as the US or Sweden. Data used are part of an annual 1985 Brazilian Census survey (PNAD-1985) of 53237 single or extended family households in 10 metropolitan areas; included is extensive information on the economic activities of each household member and questions on child care. There is discussion of the background literature from the US and Brazil relating to this topic and the theoretical framework. The concern here is on the quality of child care and differs from prior work in its focus on the theoretical modeling of child care behavior where it is assumed that household decision making takes place in the broader context of allocation of resources and the use of time of household members. A standard utility maximizing framework is used to model a mothers choices as a function of her market wage offer and other individual and household factors. The utility function includes family consumption time use and the well-being of children; the mothers opportunity is limited by household resources and her own time as well as labor market opportunities and the availability of alternative sources of child care. The final model is a labor supply function for all women of childbearing age (age 15-55) and a child care demand function for women with children <7 years. The results of the probit and multinomial logit estimations are that the mothers characteristics and the estimated wage offer after controlling for income have a strong positive effect on employment. Schooling has no effect. Older women are less likely to be employed. Mothers are less likely to work when families are constrained financially. The presence of a male household head reduces the likelihood of a woman working. Self-employment is associated with a greater likelihood of women working. Having children <7 years has a negative effect on employment. Demand for nonparental child care is positively related to mothers labor force participation and high income. Household time allocation strategy is related to the composition of the household. Female teenagers are more likely to substitute for mothers time. Further research aims include examining the hours of work decision and the use of nonfamily or paid child care and the labor force participation of family members schooling of teenage children and the mothers fertility behavior.
This paper examines the effects of family size and sibling position on children&amp;#x27;s cu... more This paper examines the effects of family size and sibling position on children&amp;#x27;s current school enrollment status in the Philippines. The theoretical framework focuses on the determinants of children&amp;#x27;s participation in alternative activities, specifically schooling, ...
International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 2009
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore associations between children's and mothers” w... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore associations between children's and mothers” work.Design/methodology/approachBrazilian household survey data are used to examine characteristics of children's and mothers' work in tandem.FindingsChildren are more likely to be in the labor force if their mothers are working, especially girls, younger children and rural children. There are strong connections between mothers' and children's employment characteristics, including industry and sector, location, commute times and whether paid. Employed children are more likely to work long hours if their mothers do, or if their mothers are not employed.Practical implicationsConnections between women's and children's work imply that changes in women's employment can change the work activities of their children. Policies and programs designed to influence women's labor force participation, such as micro‐credit programs, should consider their effects on childre...
This article uses the contingent valuation method for calculating the value of employer-sponsored... more This article uses the contingent valuation method for calculating the value of employer-sponsored child care to employees. Like many environmental amenities, there may be a nonuse or existence value of working for a company that offers employer-sponsored child care (ESCC), as well as a use value to parents who have children in the center. We test this hypothesis using data
Opinions differ about whether family structure, especially fertility, should be considered endoge... more Opinions differ about whether family structure, especially fertility, should be considered endogenous in models of behavior in developing countries. Faced with a dearth of good instruments, mainstream researchers often urge working in reduced form and, therefore, ...
Objectives: The paper offers an expanded framework for conducting empirical research on resilient... more Objectives: The paper offers an expanded framework for conducting empirical research on resilient aging. Methods: We review the conceptual frameworks for resilient aging and incorporate the role of economic factors as resources that contribute to resilience, in addition to social and psychological factors emphasized in the existing literature. Moreover, the idea of reinforcing cycles of resilience is incorporated in the framework. Existing empirical evidence that supports the conceptual arguments is presented. Results: Examples from Mexico and other low-middle-income countries are included, as well as from high-income countries. Data requirements for applying the conceptual framework in empirical analysis and the state of data availability are examined. We illustrate the measures that are available for this purpose using the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Discussion: We discuss and conclude that the state of the field is rich in data to conduct empirical work on resilience in old age.
Study on the linkages between women's productive and procreative activities. Using household ... more Study on the linkages between women's productive and procreative activities. Using household level data from 1985, the study focuses on the interrelationships between women's labour force activities and child care policy in metropolitan Brazil. It discusses a wide range of policy concerns, including the need for quality non-parental child care alternatives, the education of older children and improvements in the social and economic status of mothers. Bibliography and statistical tables.
The interrelationship of Brazils increase in womens labor force participation rate (37.6% in 1985... more The interrelationship of Brazils increase in womens labor force participation rate (37.6% in 1985) primarily outside of agriculture and the related issues of nonparental child care was studied. This relationship stands alone in statistical modeling in a developing country; most studies have been either descriptive or confined to developed countries such as the US or Sweden. Data used are part of an annual 1985 Brazilian Census survey (PNAD-1985) of 53237 single or extended family households in 10 metropolitan areas; included is extensive information on the economic activities of each household member and questions on child care. There is discussion of the background literature from the US and Brazil relating to this topic and the theoretical framework. The concern here is on the quality of child care and differs from prior work in its focus on the theoretical modeling of child care behavior where it is assumed that household decision making takes place in the broader context of allocation of resources and the use of time of household members. A standard utility maximizing framework is used to model a mothers choices as a function of her market wage offer and other individual and household factors. The utility function includes family consumption time use and the well-being of children; the mothers opportunity is limited by household resources and her own time as well as labor market opportunities and the availability of alternative sources of child care. The final model is a labor supply function for all women of childbearing age (age 15-55) and a child care demand function for women with children <7 years. The results of the probit and multinomial logit estimations are that the mothers characteristics and the estimated wage offer after controlling for income have a strong positive effect on employment. Schooling has no effect. Older women are less likely to be employed. Mothers are less likely to work when families are constrained financially. The presence of a male household head reduces the likelihood of a woman working. Self-employment is associated with a greater likelihood of women working. Having children <7 years has a negative effect on employment. Demand for nonparental child care is positively related to mothers labor force participation and high income. Household time allocation strategy is related to the composition of the household. Female teenagers are more likely to substitute for mothers time. Further research aims include examining the hours of work decision and the use of nonfamily or paid child care and the labor force participation of family members schooling of teenage children and the mothers fertility behavior.
This paper examines the effects of family size and sibling position on children&amp;#x27;s cu... more This paper examines the effects of family size and sibling position on children&amp;#x27;s current school enrollment status in the Philippines. The theoretical framework focuses on the determinants of children&amp;#x27;s participation in alternative activities, specifically schooling, ...
International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 2009
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore associations between children's and mothers” w... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore associations between children's and mothers” work.Design/methodology/approachBrazilian household survey data are used to examine characteristics of children's and mothers' work in tandem.FindingsChildren are more likely to be in the labor force if their mothers are working, especially girls, younger children and rural children. There are strong connections between mothers' and children's employment characteristics, including industry and sector, location, commute times and whether paid. Employed children are more likely to work long hours if their mothers do, or if their mothers are not employed.Practical implicationsConnections between women's and children's work imply that changes in women's employment can change the work activities of their children. Policies and programs designed to influence women's labor force participation, such as micro‐credit programs, should consider their effects on childre...
This article uses the contingent valuation method for calculating the value of employer-sponsored... more This article uses the contingent valuation method for calculating the value of employer-sponsored child care to employees. Like many environmental amenities, there may be a nonuse or existence value of working for a company that offers employer-sponsored child care (ESCC), as well as a use value to parents who have children in the center. We test this hypothesis using data
Opinions differ about whether family structure, especially fertility, should be considered endoge... more Opinions differ about whether family structure, especially fertility, should be considered endogenous in models of behavior in developing countries. Faced with a dearth of good instruments, mainstream researchers often urge working in reduced form and, therefore, ...
Uploads