Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan... more Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa. This study therefore considers the properties of leaves of the plant as alternative sources of an antacid and carminative drug. Bioactive compounds were extracted separately with methanol and distilled water. The neutralizing capacity, duration of neutralizing effects and amounts of carbon dioxide evolved in the antacid and carminative studies respectively were determined for both aqueous and methanol leaf extracts. Aqueous leaf extract showed a significant antacid and carminative potential (P < 0.05) when compared with the methanolic leaf extract at all the tested concentrations. The highest neutralizing effect and duration of neutralizing effect obtained for the aqueous leaf extract were 2.24 ± 0.000 and 162.56 ± 0.087 minutes respectively as against 1.97 ± 0.007and 95.55 ± 0.083 minutes of the methanolic leaf extract. Further evidence is provided in the high neutralizing capacity of the aqueous leaf extract (34.93 ± 0.088mL) compared to that of the methanolic extract (7.80 ± 0.115mL). Higher doses of the aqueous leaf extract were however needed for comparable results with the control Gastrone® (13.5252g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (antacid); 5.3797g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (carminative). Scientific data in this research work therefore supports the local use of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina as an antacid and carminative agent by the people of Tamale, Northern region, Ghana. Capsule Summary: Aqueous and methanol extracts of the secondary metabolites of Vernonia amygdalina leaf exhibited variable antacid and carminative activities.
Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan... more Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa. This study therefore considers the properties of leaves of the plant as alternative sources of an antacid and carminative drug. Bioactive compounds were extracted separately with methanol and distilled water. The neutralizing capacity, duration of neutralizing effects and amounts of carbon dioxide evolved in the antacid and carminative studies respectively were determined for both aqueous and methanol leaf extracts. Aqueous leaf extract showed a significant antacid and carminative potential (P < 0.05) when compared with the methanolic leaf extract at all the tested concentrations. The highest neutralizing effect and duration of neutralizing effect obtained for the aqueous leaf extract were 2.24 ± 0.000 and 162.56 ± 0.087 minutes respectively as against 1.97 ± 0.007and 95.55 ± 0.083 minutes of the methanolic leaf extract. Further evidence is provided in the high neutralizing capacity of the aqueous leaf extract (34.93 ± 0.088mL) compared to that of the methanolic extract (7.80 ± 0.115mL). Higher doses of the aqueous leaf extract were however needed for comparable results with the control Gastrone® (13.5252g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (antacid); 5.3797g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (carminative). Scientific data in this research work therefore supports the local use of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina as an antacid and carminative agent by the people of Tamale, Northern region, Ghana. Capsule Summary: Aqueous and methanol extracts of the secondary metabolites of Vernonia amygdalina leaf exhibited variable antacid and carminative activities Cite This Article As: Valentine Chi Mbatchou, Kanwugu Osman Nabayire and Yesman Akuoko. Vernonia amygdalina Leaf: Unveiling its antacid and carminative properties In Vitro. Current Science Perspectives 3(3) (2017) 148-155
Secondary metabolites biosynthesized by pure cultures of three soil-habitat fungi: Curvularia lun... more Secondary metabolites biosynthesized by pure cultures of three soil-habitat fungi: Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus parasiticus and Mucor spp. were evaluated for their antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity in vitro. Bioactive compounds were extracted separately with ethyl acetate and hexane from the culture supernatant and from intracellular debris of each fungi. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and saponins in the ethyl acetate media and intracellular extracts. The presence of coumarins and terpenoids were recorded in the hexane extracts of media and intracellular materials. Thin layer chromatographic profiling of all the extracts confirmed the presence of multiple compounds in each extract. Antimicrobial activities of extracts were assessed via broth dilution method against an array of microorganisms that included two gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis); two gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and one fungus (Candida albicans). For all fungi, the hexane extracts exhibited a more potent microbial inhibitory activity as demonstrated by the low recorded MIC values: 0.10 mg/mL for Curvularia lunata, 0.068 mg/mL for Aspergillus parasiticus and 0.018 mg/mL for Mucor spp. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ethylacetate media extract and hexane media extract of Mucor spp. showed substantial antioxidant activities as demonstrated by their relatively low IC50 values of 25.19 and 33.78 μg/mL respectively. Extracts of Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus parasiticus and Mucor spp. are potential new sources of novel bioactive antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Chewing sticks and chewing sponges derived from plants stems and twigs are commonly used alone or... more Chewing sticks and chewing sponges derived from plants stems and twigs are commonly used alone or in combination with conventional brushing for routine dental hygiene in Ghana. To examine whether phytochemical attenuation of microbial growth and radical scavenging activities accounts for observed dental hygiene efficacy, methanol and water extracts of three plant species used traditionally for the preparation of chewing sticks (Garcinia kola and Garcinia epunctata) and for the preparation of chewing sponge (Acacia kamerunensis) were assessed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins in all plant extracts. With the exception of the water extract of Acacia kamerunensis that failed to inhibit the growth of E. faecalis and K. pneumonaie in broth dilution assays, all other extracts exhibited positive inhibitory activity against all the test microorganisms. Microbial growth inhibition efficacy varied but were lower than that of the standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin-antibacterial and Fluconazole-antifungal) and that of conventional mouthwash (Chlorhexidine). Extracts showed varied concentration dependent 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC50 values that were significantly lower than that of Ascorbic acid. The results imply that locally used chewing stick and chewing sponges derived from the test plants have constituents that inhibits microbial growth in vitro and that also exhibits antioxidant activities in vitro. Capsule Summary: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the water and methanol extracts of Garcinia kola, Garcinia epunctata and Acacia kamerunensis used for oral hygiene in Ghana were assessed. The results imply that locally used chewing stick and chewing sponges derived from the test plants have constituents that inhibit microbial growth in vitro and that also exhibit antioxidant activities in vitro. Cite This Article As: John Kenneth Mensah, Charles Anamoah, Kingsford Bright Johnson and Yesman Akuoko. Assessment of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts of Garcinia kola, Garcinia epunctata and Acacia kamerunensis plants used for oral hygiene in Ghana. Current Science Perspectives 3(1) (2017) 13-20
Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan... more Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa. This study therefore considers the properties of leaves of the plant as alternative sources of an antacid and carminative drug. Bioactive compounds were extracted separately with methanol and distilled water. The neutralizing capacity, duration of neutralizing effects and amounts of carbon dioxide evolved in the antacid and carminative studies respectively were determined for both aqueous and methanol leaf extracts. Aqueous leaf extract showed a significant antacid and carminative potential (P < 0.05) when compared with the methanolic leaf extract at all the tested concentrations. The highest neutralizing effect and duration of neutralizing effect obtained for the aqueous leaf extract were 2.24 ± 0.000 and 162.56 ± 0.087 minutes respectively as against 1.97 ± 0.007and 95.55 ± 0.083 minutes of the methanolic leaf extract. Further evidence is provided in the high neutralizing capacity of the aqueous leaf extract (34.93 ± 0.088mL) compared to that of the methanolic extract (7.80 ± 0.115mL). Higher doses of the aqueous leaf extract were however needed for comparable results with the control Gastrone® (13.5252g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (antacid); 5.3797g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (carminative). Scientific data in this research work therefore supports the local use of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina as an antacid and carminative agent by the people of Tamale, Northern region, Ghana. Capsule Summary: Aqueous and methanol extracts of the secondary metabolites of Vernonia amygdalina leaf exhibited variable antacid and carminative activities.
Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan... more Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina commonly known as bitter leaf is widely consumed in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa. This study therefore considers the properties of leaves of the plant as alternative sources of an antacid and carminative drug. Bioactive compounds were extracted separately with methanol and distilled water. The neutralizing capacity, duration of neutralizing effects and amounts of carbon dioxide evolved in the antacid and carminative studies respectively were determined for both aqueous and methanol leaf extracts. Aqueous leaf extract showed a significant antacid and carminative potential (P < 0.05) when compared with the methanolic leaf extract at all the tested concentrations. The highest neutralizing effect and duration of neutralizing effect obtained for the aqueous leaf extract were 2.24 ± 0.000 and 162.56 ± 0.087 minutes respectively as against 1.97 ± 0.007and 95.55 ± 0.083 minutes of the methanolic leaf extract. Further evidence is provided in the high neutralizing capacity of the aqueous leaf extract (34.93 ± 0.088mL) compared to that of the methanolic extract (7.80 ± 0.115mL). Higher doses of the aqueous leaf extract were however needed for comparable results with the control Gastrone® (13.5252g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (antacid); 5.3797g of aqueous extract ≡ ~3.1582g of Gastrone® (carminative). Scientific data in this research work therefore supports the local use of aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina as an antacid and carminative agent by the people of Tamale, Northern region, Ghana. Capsule Summary: Aqueous and methanol extracts of the secondary metabolites of Vernonia amygdalina leaf exhibited variable antacid and carminative activities Cite This Article As: Valentine Chi Mbatchou, Kanwugu Osman Nabayire and Yesman Akuoko. Vernonia amygdalina Leaf: Unveiling its antacid and carminative properties In Vitro. Current Science Perspectives 3(3) (2017) 148-155
Secondary metabolites biosynthesized by pure cultures of three soil-habitat fungi: Curvularia lun... more Secondary metabolites biosynthesized by pure cultures of three soil-habitat fungi: Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus parasiticus and Mucor spp. were evaluated for their antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity in vitro. Bioactive compounds were extracted separately with ethyl acetate and hexane from the culture supernatant and from intracellular debris of each fungi. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and saponins in the ethyl acetate media and intracellular extracts. The presence of coumarins and terpenoids were recorded in the hexane extracts of media and intracellular materials. Thin layer chromatographic profiling of all the extracts confirmed the presence of multiple compounds in each extract. Antimicrobial activities of extracts were assessed via broth dilution method against an array of microorganisms that included two gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis); two gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and one fungus (Candida albicans). For all fungi, the hexane extracts exhibited a more potent microbial inhibitory activity as demonstrated by the low recorded MIC values: 0.10 mg/mL for Curvularia lunata, 0.068 mg/mL for Aspergillus parasiticus and 0.018 mg/mL for Mucor spp. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ethylacetate media extract and hexane media extract of Mucor spp. showed substantial antioxidant activities as demonstrated by their relatively low IC50 values of 25.19 and 33.78 μg/mL respectively. Extracts of Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus parasiticus and Mucor spp. are potential new sources of novel bioactive antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Chewing sticks and chewing sponges derived from plants stems and twigs are commonly used alone or... more Chewing sticks and chewing sponges derived from plants stems and twigs are commonly used alone or in combination with conventional brushing for routine dental hygiene in Ghana. To examine whether phytochemical attenuation of microbial growth and radical scavenging activities accounts for observed dental hygiene efficacy, methanol and water extracts of three plant species used traditionally for the preparation of chewing sticks (Garcinia kola and Garcinia epunctata) and for the preparation of chewing sponge (Acacia kamerunensis) were assessed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins in all plant extracts. With the exception of the water extract of Acacia kamerunensis that failed to inhibit the growth of E. faecalis and K. pneumonaie in broth dilution assays, all other extracts exhibited positive inhibitory activity against all the test microorganisms. Microbial growth inhibition efficacy varied but were lower than that of the standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin-antibacterial and Fluconazole-antifungal) and that of conventional mouthwash (Chlorhexidine). Extracts showed varied concentration dependent 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC50 values that were significantly lower than that of Ascorbic acid. The results imply that locally used chewing stick and chewing sponges derived from the test plants have constituents that inhibits microbial growth in vitro and that also exhibits antioxidant activities in vitro. Capsule Summary: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the water and methanol extracts of Garcinia kola, Garcinia epunctata and Acacia kamerunensis used for oral hygiene in Ghana were assessed. The results imply that locally used chewing stick and chewing sponges derived from the test plants have constituents that inhibit microbial growth in vitro and that also exhibit antioxidant activities in vitro. Cite This Article As: John Kenneth Mensah, Charles Anamoah, Kingsford Bright Johnson and Yesman Akuoko. Assessment of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts of Garcinia kola, Garcinia epunctata and Acacia kamerunensis plants used for oral hygiene in Ghana. Current Science Perspectives 3(1) (2017) 13-20
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intracellular extracts. The presence of coumarins and terpenoids were recorded in the hexane extracts of media and intracellular materials. Thin layer chromatographic profiling of all the extracts confirmed the presence of multiple compounds in each extract. Antimicrobial activities of extracts were assessed via broth dilution method against an array of microorganisms that included two gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis); two gramnegative
bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and one fungus (Candida
albicans). For all fungi, the hexane extracts exhibited a more potent microbial inhibitory activity as demonstrated by the low recorded MIC values: 0.10 mg/mL for Curvularia lunata, 0.068 mg/mL for Aspergillus parasiticus and 0.018 mg/mL for Mucor spp. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ethylacetate media extract and hexane media extract of Mucor spp. showed substantial antioxidant activities as demonstrated by their relatively low IC50 values of 25.19 and 33.78 μg/mL respectively. Extracts of Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus parasiticus and Mucor spp. are potential new sources of novel bioactive antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
intracellular extracts. The presence of coumarins and terpenoids were recorded in the hexane extracts of media and intracellular materials. Thin layer chromatographic profiling of all the extracts confirmed the presence of multiple compounds in each extract. Antimicrobial activities of extracts were assessed via broth dilution method against an array of microorganisms that included two gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis); two gramnegative
bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and one fungus (Candida
albicans). For all fungi, the hexane extracts exhibited a more potent microbial inhibitory activity as demonstrated by the low recorded MIC values: 0.10 mg/mL for Curvularia lunata, 0.068 mg/mL for Aspergillus parasiticus and 0.018 mg/mL for Mucor spp. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ethylacetate media extract and hexane media extract of Mucor spp. showed substantial antioxidant activities as demonstrated by their relatively low IC50 values of 25.19 and 33.78 μg/mL respectively. Extracts of Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus parasiticus and Mucor spp. are potential new sources of novel bioactive antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.