This chapter examines the constructions of women’s identity manifest in archive interviews with t... more This chapter examines the constructions of women’s identity manifest in archive interviews with twenty women on their experience of femininity and masculinity in a state-socialist society. Using critical discursive psychology (Edley, 2001; Wetherell, 1998, 2008), the author presents four main interpretative repertoires which the women employed to construct their identity through differentiation from Czech men as their main “Others”. Based on the analysis, the chapter challenges some of the habitually accepted claims about the self-perceptions of Czech women under state socialism. In particular, the author problematises the thesis of solidarity and harmony between Czech women and men under state socialism by drawing attention to the recognition of gender discrimination and inequality which featured strongly in the women’s accounts. It is argued that, despite the women’s abjection of feminism, the analysis demonstrates their desire to engage with gender issues and to challenge gender inequality in Czech society, albeit without feminism.
Pedagogical Encounters demonstrates how learning spaces that are ethical, responsive, and transfo... more Pedagogical Encounters demonstrates how learning spaces that are ethical, responsive, and transformable can enable students and teachers to open toward new ways of being in the world. Through collective biography, ethnography, and arts-based research, the authors - educators with experience in diverse settings - generate rich descriptions of classroom practices, and elaborate and clarify new theoretical concepts through their discussion in relation to specific sites of teaching and learning.
Téma genderové identity nabývá v sociálních vědách na významu i popularitě. Kniha Variace na gend... more Téma genderové identity nabývá v sociálních vědách na významu i popularitě. Kniha Variace na gender čtivou formou představuje a aplikuje poststrukturální, postmoderní a diskurzivní teorie genderové identity uplatňující se na poli feministické teorie, sociální psychologie a lingvistiky. Publikace diskutuje témata, která jsou pro současné uvažování o genderové identitě klíčová, jako například kritiku distinkce pohlaví-gender, teorii performativity Judith Butler, poststrukturální a postmoderní feminismus, třetí feministickou vlnu, diskurzivní teorii Michela Foucaulta, obrat k diskurzu a mnoho dalších. Představuje rovněž v českém kontextu relativně novou metodu kvalitativní analýzy psaných, mluvených a vizuálních textů, označovanou jako diskurzivní analýza. Autorka se nespokojuje pouze s teoretickou diskusí nejrůznějších „post“ koncepcí a metod, ale v druhé části knihy je uplatňuje při detailních analýzách konkrétních genderových identit. Analýzy se soustředí na diskurzivní a rétorické prostředky, jimiž je v daném socio-historickém kontextu možné konstituovat sebe sama jako ženu či muže, a slouží autorce k úvaze nad překážkami i možnostmi změny genderových vztahů. Kniha Variace na gender najde své publikum mezi odbornou veřejností zajímající se o genderové vztahy, identitu, kvalitativní metodologii a v neposlední řadě o nové kritické směry sociálněvědné teorie a výzkumu. Kniha je určena zejména pro zájemce a zájemkyně z oborů sociální psychologie, gender studies, sociologie, filozofie, lingvistiky a pedagogiky.
This study examines quality of academic worklife in Czech public universities to assess the exten... more This study examines quality of academic worklife in Czech public universities to assess the extent to which the global drive towards marketisa-tion in higher education has affected Czech academic staff. A total of 2229 academics (men = 57.1%) completed a survey measuring their job satisfaction, job stress, and work environment perceptions. Findings revealed high levels of overall job satisfaction (83.6% satisfi ed with their jobs) and relatively low levels of stress (13.7% regularly stressed). Most academics reported positive features of their work environment including autonomy and quality, role clarity , infl uence over academic work, and a strong social community. Negative features included dissatisfaction with pay, poor leadership, and pressure to produce. Job satisfaction was signifi cantly associated with traditional academic values (focus on quality, involvement in decision-making, commitment to the workplace, recognition), while stress was linked to market-related aspects (pressure to produce, quantitative work demands, job insecurity). The study highlighted relatively high levels of well-being among Czech faculty, which can be attributed to the continued prevalence of a traditional, professor oriented academic system based on autonomy and collegiality. Despite recent market-oriented changes within Czech research policy, the negative effects of marketisation are not yet pronounced in the quality of academic work-life in public universities, except for the increasing pressure for productivity.
Over the past decade, a growing number of Anglo-American and Scandinavian researchers have docume... more Over the past decade, a growing number of Anglo-American and Scandinavian researchers have documented the extent to which the university environment provides opportunities for workplace bullying. By contrast, there has been a visible lack of similar studies in non-Western national contexts, such as the Czech Republic and other Central Eastern European (CEE) countries. The present article addresses this gap by reporting the findings of the first large-scale study into workplace bullying among university employees in the Czech Republic. The exposure to bullying was assessed with the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) in a sample of 1,533 university employees. The results showed that 13.6 % of the respondents were classified as bullying targets based on an operational definition of bullying (weekly exposure to one negative act), while 7.9 % of the respondents were identified as targets based on self-reports. This prevalence is comparable to bullying rates in Scandinavia but considerably lower than in Anglo-American universities. Differences between Anglo-American and Czech universities were also found with respect to the status of perpetrators (bullying was perpetrated mostly by individual supervisors in the Czech sample), perceived causes of bullying (structural causes perceived as relatively unimportant in the Czech sample), and targets ’ responses to bullying (minimal use of formal responses in the Czech sample). The authors propose that cross-cultural differences as well as differences between the Anglo-American model of “neoliberal university” and the Czech model of university governance based on “academic oligarchy” can be used to explain these different findings.
Culture and Organization, Online First, DOI:10.1080/14759551.2014.894514 , Mar 2014
This study explores the micro-level processes sustaining hostile workplace behaviour at the level... more This study explores the micro-level processes sustaining hostile workplace behaviour at the level of interactions between targets and actors. Drawing on Weick's [1995. Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage] sensemaking theory, the study examined how targets and actors of workplace bullying made sense of each other's behaviours during first occasions of hostility. An analysis of collective biography stories of hostility in academia showed that targets experienced destabilisation of identity, positioned actors as arbiters of adequacy, and engaged in self-undermining. Actors' stories revealed not only moral condemnation of targets, failure to recognise the injury caused, but also precarious emotions, which could have subverted harmful behaviours. Based on these findings, the authors argue that understanding target and actor sensemaking is vital since it appears to contribute to power differentials between the parties from the very onset of hostility, thus allowing it to escalate. The implications for the development of a sensemaking approach to workplace bullying and organisational intervention are discussed.
This article addresses the relationship between the work environment and the well-being of academ... more This article addresses the relationship between the work environment and the well-being of academic faculties in public Czech universities. It presents findings from a pilot study conducted at a Faculty of Arts at a major Czech university. The aims of the study were to describe the Faculty’s work environment and to examine the impact of specific work environment variables on the well-being of academic employees. In total, 236 academics participated in the study. The results showed relatively high job satisfaction and high work engagement at all academic levels. The Faculty’s organizational climate (measured using the Organizational Climate Measure; Patterson, Patterson, West, Shackleton, Dawson, Lawthom, Maitlis & Wallace, 2005) was defined by high autonomy and involvement in decision making, as well as relatively low pressure to produce. The Faculty’s psychosocial work environment (measured using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II; Kristensen, Hannerz, Høgh & Borg, 2005) was defined by a strong social community and social support. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that the Faculty’s work environment corresponds to the Humboldtian type of governance, defined by academic self-rule and a culture of collegiality, and they compare this type of governance with the market governance prevalent in Anglo-American contexts. The study contributes to the recent debates about national differences in academic governance by discussing how specific aspects of Humboldtian and market governance may contribute to well-being in academia.
This monograph presents four influential approaches in qualitative research: interpretative pheno... more This monograph presents four influential approaches in qualitative research: interpretative phenomenological analysis, grounded theory method, narrative analysis and discourse analysis. It is primarily focused on the process of analysis and it offers the readers an opportunity to follow step-by-step the application of these approaches to particular data. Since all the authors analyzed the same data set (interviews with women who had undergone treatment for breast cancer), this publication offers a unique opportunity to compare the aforementioned methodological perspectives in terms of the analytical process and results. With an emphasis on the
application of analytical procedures, the text becomes a useful complement to more general methodological textbooks.
Mobbing (neboli šikanování na pracovišti) označuje opakované agresivní chování na pracovišti zamě... more Mobbing (neboli šikanování na pracovišti) označuje opakované agresivní chování na pracovišti zaměřené na jednu nebo více osob, které shledávají obtížným se tomuto jednání bránit. Sociálněvědní výzkum v průběhu posledních dvou desetiletí ukázal, že mobbing představuje relativně rozšířenou, byť zpravidla skrytou součást pracovních vztahů v soukromých i státních organizacích. Tento článek se zaměřuje na specifickou problematiku mobbingu ve vysokoškolském prostředí, pro které jsou typické relativně subtilní a nepřímé formy hostilního jednání, které nicméně mají devastující dopad jak na jedince, tak na fungování celé vzdělávací instituce. Autorka se na základě zahraničních výzkumů zabývá incidencí, formami, příčinami a důsledky mobbingu v prostředí vysokých škol. Jejím cílem je popsat zejména sociální a organizační faktory vzniku mobbingu, jako jsou intenzifikace práce, nejistota na pracovním trhu, komodifikace vzdělávání a další. V závěru diskutuje formy intervence vhodné pro sektor terciárního vzdělávání a předkládá doporučení pro budoucí výzkum.
Příspěvek podává přehled aktuálního vývoje sociálně psychologické diskurzivní analýzy, včetně jej... more Příspěvek podává přehled aktuálního vývoje sociálně psychologické diskurzivní analýzy, včetně jejích hlavních směrů, představitelů a představitelek, teorií a konceptů. Akcentuje diverzitu diskurzivně analytických přístupů a na základě konkrétních příkladů jejich aplikace v psychologii zdraví, feministické psychologii, poradenství a psychoterapii dokumentuje využití diskurzivní analýzy v současném psychologickém výzkumu, a potažmo její relevanci pro psychologickou teorii a praxi. Příspěvek se zabývá diskurzivní analýzou Pottera a Wetherell, psychologií rétoriky, diskurzivní psychologií, konverzační analýzou, poststrukturální diskurzivní analýzou a kritickou diskurzivní psychologií.
This chapter examines the constructions of women’s identity manifest in archive interviews with t... more This chapter examines the constructions of women’s identity manifest in archive interviews with twenty women on their experience of femininity and masculinity in a state-socialist society. Using critical discursive psychology (Edley, 2001; Wetherell, 1998, 2008), the author presents four main interpretative repertoires which the women employed to construct their identity through differentiation from Czech men as their main “Others”. Based on the analysis, the chapter challenges some of the habitually accepted claims about the self-perceptions of Czech women under state socialism. In particular, the author problematises the thesis of solidarity and harmony between Czech women and men under state socialism by drawing attention to the recognition of gender discrimination and inequality which featured strongly in the women’s accounts. It is argued that, despite the women’s abjection of feminism, the analysis demonstrates their desire to engage with gender issues and to challenge gender inequality in Czech society, albeit without feminism.
Pedagogical Encounters demonstrates how learning spaces that are ethical, responsive, and transfo... more Pedagogical Encounters demonstrates how learning spaces that are ethical, responsive, and transformable can enable students and teachers to open toward new ways of being in the world. Through collective biography, ethnography, and arts-based research, the authors - educators with experience in diverse settings - generate rich descriptions of classroom practices, and elaborate and clarify new theoretical concepts through their discussion in relation to specific sites of teaching and learning.
Téma genderové identity nabývá v sociálních vědách na významu i popularitě. Kniha Variace na gend... more Téma genderové identity nabývá v sociálních vědách na významu i popularitě. Kniha Variace na gender čtivou formou představuje a aplikuje poststrukturální, postmoderní a diskurzivní teorie genderové identity uplatňující se na poli feministické teorie, sociální psychologie a lingvistiky. Publikace diskutuje témata, která jsou pro současné uvažování o genderové identitě klíčová, jako například kritiku distinkce pohlaví-gender, teorii performativity Judith Butler, poststrukturální a postmoderní feminismus, třetí feministickou vlnu, diskurzivní teorii Michela Foucaulta, obrat k diskurzu a mnoho dalších. Představuje rovněž v českém kontextu relativně novou metodu kvalitativní analýzy psaných, mluvených a vizuálních textů, označovanou jako diskurzivní analýza. Autorka se nespokojuje pouze s teoretickou diskusí nejrůznějších „post“ koncepcí a metod, ale v druhé části knihy je uplatňuje při detailních analýzách konkrétních genderových identit. Analýzy se soustředí na diskurzivní a rétorické prostředky, jimiž je v daném socio-historickém kontextu možné konstituovat sebe sama jako ženu či muže, a slouží autorce k úvaze nad překážkami i možnostmi změny genderových vztahů. Kniha Variace na gender najde své publikum mezi odbornou veřejností zajímající se o genderové vztahy, identitu, kvalitativní metodologii a v neposlední řadě o nové kritické směry sociálněvědné teorie a výzkumu. Kniha je určena zejména pro zájemce a zájemkyně z oborů sociální psychologie, gender studies, sociologie, filozofie, lingvistiky a pedagogiky.
This study examines quality of academic worklife in Czech public universities to assess the exten... more This study examines quality of academic worklife in Czech public universities to assess the extent to which the global drive towards marketisa-tion in higher education has affected Czech academic staff. A total of 2229 academics (men = 57.1%) completed a survey measuring their job satisfaction, job stress, and work environment perceptions. Findings revealed high levels of overall job satisfaction (83.6% satisfi ed with their jobs) and relatively low levels of stress (13.7% regularly stressed). Most academics reported positive features of their work environment including autonomy and quality, role clarity , infl uence over academic work, and a strong social community. Negative features included dissatisfaction with pay, poor leadership, and pressure to produce. Job satisfaction was signifi cantly associated with traditional academic values (focus on quality, involvement in decision-making, commitment to the workplace, recognition), while stress was linked to market-related aspects (pressure to produce, quantitative work demands, job insecurity). The study highlighted relatively high levels of well-being among Czech faculty, which can be attributed to the continued prevalence of a traditional, professor oriented academic system based on autonomy and collegiality. Despite recent market-oriented changes within Czech research policy, the negative effects of marketisation are not yet pronounced in the quality of academic work-life in public universities, except for the increasing pressure for productivity.
Over the past decade, a growing number of Anglo-American and Scandinavian researchers have docume... more Over the past decade, a growing number of Anglo-American and Scandinavian researchers have documented the extent to which the university environment provides opportunities for workplace bullying. By contrast, there has been a visible lack of similar studies in non-Western national contexts, such as the Czech Republic and other Central Eastern European (CEE) countries. The present article addresses this gap by reporting the findings of the first large-scale study into workplace bullying among university employees in the Czech Republic. The exposure to bullying was assessed with the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) in a sample of 1,533 university employees. The results showed that 13.6 % of the respondents were classified as bullying targets based on an operational definition of bullying (weekly exposure to one negative act), while 7.9 % of the respondents were identified as targets based on self-reports. This prevalence is comparable to bullying rates in Scandinavia but considerably lower than in Anglo-American universities. Differences between Anglo-American and Czech universities were also found with respect to the status of perpetrators (bullying was perpetrated mostly by individual supervisors in the Czech sample), perceived causes of bullying (structural causes perceived as relatively unimportant in the Czech sample), and targets ’ responses to bullying (minimal use of formal responses in the Czech sample). The authors propose that cross-cultural differences as well as differences between the Anglo-American model of “neoliberal university” and the Czech model of university governance based on “academic oligarchy” can be used to explain these different findings.
Culture and Organization, Online First, DOI:10.1080/14759551.2014.894514 , Mar 2014
This study explores the micro-level processes sustaining hostile workplace behaviour at the level... more This study explores the micro-level processes sustaining hostile workplace behaviour at the level of interactions between targets and actors. Drawing on Weick's [1995. Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage] sensemaking theory, the study examined how targets and actors of workplace bullying made sense of each other's behaviours during first occasions of hostility. An analysis of collective biography stories of hostility in academia showed that targets experienced destabilisation of identity, positioned actors as arbiters of adequacy, and engaged in self-undermining. Actors' stories revealed not only moral condemnation of targets, failure to recognise the injury caused, but also precarious emotions, which could have subverted harmful behaviours. Based on these findings, the authors argue that understanding target and actor sensemaking is vital since it appears to contribute to power differentials between the parties from the very onset of hostility, thus allowing it to escalate. The implications for the development of a sensemaking approach to workplace bullying and organisational intervention are discussed.
This article addresses the relationship between the work environment and the well-being of academ... more This article addresses the relationship between the work environment and the well-being of academic faculties in public Czech universities. It presents findings from a pilot study conducted at a Faculty of Arts at a major Czech university. The aims of the study were to describe the Faculty’s work environment and to examine the impact of specific work environment variables on the well-being of academic employees. In total, 236 academics participated in the study. The results showed relatively high job satisfaction and high work engagement at all academic levels. The Faculty’s organizational climate (measured using the Organizational Climate Measure; Patterson, Patterson, West, Shackleton, Dawson, Lawthom, Maitlis & Wallace, 2005) was defined by high autonomy and involvement in decision making, as well as relatively low pressure to produce. The Faculty’s psychosocial work environment (measured using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II; Kristensen, Hannerz, Høgh & Borg, 2005) was defined by a strong social community and social support. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that the Faculty’s work environment corresponds to the Humboldtian type of governance, defined by academic self-rule and a culture of collegiality, and they compare this type of governance with the market governance prevalent in Anglo-American contexts. The study contributes to the recent debates about national differences in academic governance by discussing how specific aspects of Humboldtian and market governance may contribute to well-being in academia.
This monograph presents four influential approaches in qualitative research: interpretative pheno... more This monograph presents four influential approaches in qualitative research: interpretative phenomenological analysis, grounded theory method, narrative analysis and discourse analysis. It is primarily focused on the process of analysis and it offers the readers an opportunity to follow step-by-step the application of these approaches to particular data. Since all the authors analyzed the same data set (interviews with women who had undergone treatment for breast cancer), this publication offers a unique opportunity to compare the aforementioned methodological perspectives in terms of the analytical process and results. With an emphasis on the
application of analytical procedures, the text becomes a useful complement to more general methodological textbooks.
Mobbing (neboli šikanování na pracovišti) označuje opakované agresivní chování na pracovišti zamě... more Mobbing (neboli šikanování na pracovišti) označuje opakované agresivní chování na pracovišti zaměřené na jednu nebo více osob, které shledávají obtížným se tomuto jednání bránit. Sociálněvědní výzkum v průběhu posledních dvou desetiletí ukázal, že mobbing představuje relativně rozšířenou, byť zpravidla skrytou součást pracovních vztahů v soukromých i státních organizacích. Tento článek se zaměřuje na specifickou problematiku mobbingu ve vysokoškolském prostředí, pro které jsou typické relativně subtilní a nepřímé formy hostilního jednání, které nicméně mají devastující dopad jak na jedince, tak na fungování celé vzdělávací instituce. Autorka se na základě zahraničních výzkumů zabývá incidencí, formami, příčinami a důsledky mobbingu v prostředí vysokých škol. Jejím cílem je popsat zejména sociální a organizační faktory vzniku mobbingu, jako jsou intenzifikace práce, nejistota na pracovním trhu, komodifikace vzdělávání a další. V závěru diskutuje formy intervence vhodné pro sektor terciárního vzdělávání a předkládá doporučení pro budoucí výzkum.
Příspěvek podává přehled aktuálního vývoje sociálně psychologické diskurzivní analýzy, včetně jej... more Příspěvek podává přehled aktuálního vývoje sociálně psychologické diskurzivní analýzy, včetně jejích hlavních směrů, představitelů a představitelek, teorií a konceptů. Akcentuje diverzitu diskurzivně analytických přístupů a na základě konkrétních příkladů jejich aplikace v psychologii zdraví, feministické psychologii, poradenství a psychoterapii dokumentuje využití diskurzivní analýzy v současném psychologickém výzkumu, a potažmo její relevanci pro psychologickou teorii a praxi. Příspěvek se zabývá diskurzivní analýzou Pottera a Wetherell, psychologií rétoriky, diskurzivní psychologií, konverzační analýzou, poststrukturální diskurzivní analýzou a kritickou diskurzivní psychologií.
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in public Czech universities. It presents findings from a pilot study conducted at a Faculty of Arts at a major
Czech university. The aims of the study were to describe the Faculty’s work environment and to examine the
impact of specific work environment variables on the well-being of academic employees. In total, 236 academics
participated in the study. The results showed relatively high job satisfaction and high work engagement at all
academic levels. The Faculty’s organizational climate (measured using the Organizational Climate Measure;
Patterson, Patterson, West, Shackleton, Dawson, Lawthom, Maitlis & Wallace, 2005) was defined by high
autonomy and involvement in decision making, as well as relatively low pressure to produce. The Faculty’s
psychosocial work environment (measured using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II; Kristensen,
Hannerz, Høgh & Borg, 2005) was defined by a strong social community and social support. Based on
these findings, the authors suggest that the Faculty’s work environment corresponds to the Humboldtian type
of governance, defined by academic self-rule and a culture of collegiality, and they compare this type of governance
with the market governance prevalent in Anglo-American contexts. The study contributes to the recent debates
about national differences in academic governance by discussing how specific aspects of Humboldtian and
market governance may contribute to well-being in academia.
application of analytical procedures, the text becomes a useful complement to more general methodological textbooks.
in public Czech universities. It presents findings from a pilot study conducted at a Faculty of Arts at a major
Czech university. The aims of the study were to describe the Faculty’s work environment and to examine the
impact of specific work environment variables on the well-being of academic employees. In total, 236 academics
participated in the study. The results showed relatively high job satisfaction and high work engagement at all
academic levels. The Faculty’s organizational climate (measured using the Organizational Climate Measure;
Patterson, Patterson, West, Shackleton, Dawson, Lawthom, Maitlis & Wallace, 2005) was defined by high
autonomy and involvement in decision making, as well as relatively low pressure to produce. The Faculty’s
psychosocial work environment (measured using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II; Kristensen,
Hannerz, Høgh & Borg, 2005) was defined by a strong social community and social support. Based on
these findings, the authors suggest that the Faculty’s work environment corresponds to the Humboldtian type
of governance, defined by academic self-rule and a culture of collegiality, and they compare this type of governance
with the market governance prevalent in Anglo-American contexts. The study contributes to the recent debates
about national differences in academic governance by discussing how specific aspects of Humboldtian and
market governance may contribute to well-being in academia.
application of analytical procedures, the text becomes a useful complement to more general methodological textbooks.