˜The œinternational Arab journal of information technology, 2019
Embedded real-time software must be verified for their timing correctness where knowledge about t... more Embedded real-time software must be verified for their timing correctness where knowledge about the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) is the building block of such verification. The WCET of embedded software can be estimated using either static analysis or measurement-based analysis. Previously, the WCET research assumes sequential code running on single-core platforms. However, as computation is steadily moving towards using a combination of parallel programming and multicore hardware, necessary research in WCET analysis should be taken into account. While focusing on the measurementbased analysis, the aim of this research is to find the WCET of parallel embedded software by generating the test-data using search algorithms. In this paper, the use of a meta-heuristic optimizing search technique-Genetic Algorithm is demonstrated, to automatically generate such test-data. The search-based optimization used yielded the input vectors of the parallel embedded software that cause maximal execution times. These execution times can be either the WCET of the parallel embedded software or very close to it. The process was evaluated in terms of its scalability, safety and applicability. The generated test-data showed improvements over randomly generated data.
The successful implementation of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) for the development of Distribu... more The successful implementation of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) for the development of Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems (DERTS) in the recent years has proved the importance of service-orientation over previous paradigms. However, efforts are still needed on systematic service-oriented design of DERTS, especially on the modeling of DERTS. Several UML profiles are proposed for modeling of embedded real-time system and SOC separately. However, a holistic modeling solution, covering both the domains, is still missing. Therefore, a thorough investigation of existing UML profiles is necessary before proposing the holistic modeling solution. In this regard, this paper investigates two UML profiles: MARTE and SoaML profiles from the view of service-oriented development of DERTS. The paper highlights the portions of the two profiles that can be adopted and provides some suggestions that can be used for service-oriented modeling of DERTS. The results of this investigation would be us...
2017 First International Conference on Latest trends in Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (INTELLECT)
The increasing use of software in Embedded Real-Time Systems (ERTS) has allowed the application o... more The increasing use of software in Embedded Real-Time Systems (ERTS) has allowed the application of software engineering methods and techniques in their development. In this regard, Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has previously been used to reduce the development complexity of ERTS. However, the concepts of SOC are mostly used at the implementation level without any focus on system design. To fill this gap, the author has previously developed a meta-model for service-oriented development of ERTS. Although the proposed meta-model allows the high-level modeling of ERTS in terms of service-oriented concepts, it covers only the structural requirements. Therefore, the meta-model is further extended in this paper to include the behavior modeling of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is demonstrated with the help of Traffic Light Controller and Arbiter case studies. Following the model-based system engineering process, the high-level models can be transformed into the low-level models.
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering
Being an important application of the Internet of Things, smart spaces are increasingly developed... more Being an important application of the Internet of Things, smart spaces are increasingly developed throughout the world for different purposes ranging from home automation to smart grids. Despite the considerable focus given to the practical development of smart spaces, there are few attempts of utilizing formal methods in this domain. Especially, the requirements of developing a smart space have not yet been formally specified, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. To fill this gap, a formal specification approach is presented in this paper for smart space development. The proposed approach first identifies the key components of a smart space, then it uses a state-based formal specification language – Z, to formally specify the requirements of these components. The requirements of developing a hypothetical smart space are considered for formal specification in this paper. This work does not only demonstrate how the components of complex systems, such as smart spaces, can elegantly ...
The concepts of service-oriented computing (SOC) have previously been used in the embedded system... more The concepts of service-oriented computing (SOC) have previously been used in the embedded systems domain, mostly at the device level in ad hoc manners to achieve advantages of device integration. However, SOC has not been used for the development of embedded software systems (ESS), i.e., software controlling the embedded devices. To fill this gap, a process model is proposed in this article that allows the systematic development of ESS based on SOC concepts. The proposed process consists of analysis and design phases of embedded software development. The analysis phase is concerned with the collection of system information and preparation for system design. Based on this, the service-based software architecture is developed in the design phase. The effectiveness of the proposed process model is demonstrated through its application in the Smart Home case study.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet of things and Cloud Computing - ICC '16, 2016
A smart space is an increasingly important application of Internet of Things (IoT), which is bein... more A smart space is an increasingly important application of Internet of Things (IoT), which is being developed throughout the world for different purposes ranging from home automation to smart grids. However, a common approach for requirement capture and specification at an abstract level is needed in smart space development that is independent of the continuously changing technology. To provide a systematic process, the standard software engineering practices can be used in the smart space development, and hence take advantages of. In this context, this paper contributes in the field of requirement engineering for smart spaces by introducing the requirement specification technique based on software engineering Use Case concept. The conventional Use Case structure and the way it is described are modified to suit the requirements of smart spaces. The case of a hypothetical smart space development is considered, where the proposed requirement specification technique is applied and a Use Case repository is developed that can be used as a canonical resource for other researchers to draw upon. The implementation provides profound descriptions on how to use the proposed requirement specification technique during the development of smart spaces and in other application areas of IoT. This work can be used as a first step towards defining the smart space development framework, of which the proposed technique would be a key element.
An Embedded Real Time System (ERTS) is a special purpose computing system with unique properties ... more An Embedded Real Time System (ERTS) is a special purpose computing system with unique properties that has to react in the time slot given by the environment. In addition to the correct functioning of such systems, the time at which the output is produced is also significant. Generally, real-time systems are systems that maintain a continuous, timely interaction with its environment, therefore the design complexity of ERTS is rapidly increasing. The objective of the study is to identify different Design Methods/ Attributes to be considered by ERTS designers/developers for the appropriate design of ERTS. We will also identify different Tools and Languages which are suitable for ERTS Design. Furthermore, we will identify real world practices for the particular design methods to be adopted by ERTS Designers/Developers. Our ultimate goal is to develop a model or Design Model for Developers (DMD) in the context of ERTS. The model will assess the designer of ERTS to choose a correct design method, Design Tools and Design Languages which can be used for the best design of different types ERTS. Systematic Literature Review (SLR), empirical study and case study will be used for the development of the proposed Model (DMD). We are currently in the first phase of the Model (DMD) development and have developed the SLR protocol.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2011
The increasing use and reliance on Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems (DERTS) demand the enha... more The increasing use and reliance on Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems (DERTS) demand the enhancement of their capabilities. This along with the unique characteristics of DERTS, such as resource constraints, make the design and development more complex. State-of-the-art software development methods like Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) and Model-Driven Development can be used to cope with these complexities. However, both of the methods require the system to be designed at a higher level of abstraction and the details are provided at lower levels. Such design models for DERTS with different levels of abstractions are still currently unavailable. This paper presents four basic design models representing different levels of abstraction, to be used in Service-Oriented DERTS design. The proposed models were applied in the Home Automation domain for verification purposes. This level-by-level modelling does not only simplify the design process, but can also be used as part of a Service-Oriented modelling framework for DERTS. Furthermore, these design models can support service composition during Service-Oriented DERTS development. The service composition modelling would be beneficial for CASE tools development in supporting designers working at different levels of abstraction.
Analysis and design are the key phases in any software development life cycle. Service identifica... more Analysis and design are the key phases in any software development life cycle. Service identification is one of the most important steps performed in the analysis phase of service-oriented software development life cycle. Service-orientation has been applied successfully in the domain of distributed embedded real-time system because of the advantages it provides such as reusability and interoperability. However, a systematic service-oriented development methodology for distributed embedded real-time system is ...
˜The œinternational Arab journal of information technology, 2019
Embedded real-time software must be verified for their timing correctness where knowledge about t... more Embedded real-time software must be verified for their timing correctness where knowledge about the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) is the building block of such verification. The WCET of embedded software can be estimated using either static analysis or measurement-based analysis. Previously, the WCET research assumes sequential code running on single-core platforms. However, as computation is steadily moving towards using a combination of parallel programming and multicore hardware, necessary research in WCET analysis should be taken into account. While focusing on the measurementbased analysis, the aim of this research is to find the WCET of parallel embedded software by generating the test-data using search algorithms. In this paper, the use of a meta-heuristic optimizing search technique-Genetic Algorithm is demonstrated, to automatically generate such test-data. The search-based optimization used yielded the input vectors of the parallel embedded software that cause maximal execution times. These execution times can be either the WCET of the parallel embedded software or very close to it. The process was evaluated in terms of its scalability, safety and applicability. The generated test-data showed improvements over randomly generated data.
The successful implementation of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) for the development of Distribu... more The successful implementation of Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) for the development of Distributed Embedded Real-time Systems (DERTS) in the recent years has proved the importance of service-orientation over previous paradigms. However, efforts are still needed on systematic service-oriented design of DERTS, especially on the modeling of DERTS. Several UML profiles are proposed for modeling of embedded real-time system and SOC separately. However, a holistic modeling solution, covering both the domains, is still missing. Therefore, a thorough investigation of existing UML profiles is necessary before proposing the holistic modeling solution. In this regard, this paper investigates two UML profiles: MARTE and SoaML profiles from the view of service-oriented development of DERTS. The paper highlights the portions of the two profiles that can be adopted and provides some suggestions that can be used for service-oriented modeling of DERTS. The results of this investigation would be us...
2017 First International Conference on Latest trends in Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (INTELLECT)
The increasing use of software in Embedded Real-Time Systems (ERTS) has allowed the application o... more The increasing use of software in Embedded Real-Time Systems (ERTS) has allowed the application of software engineering methods and techniques in their development. In this regard, Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has previously been used to reduce the development complexity of ERTS. However, the concepts of SOC are mostly used at the implementation level without any focus on system design. To fill this gap, the author has previously developed a meta-model for service-oriented development of ERTS. Although the proposed meta-model allows the high-level modeling of ERTS in terms of service-oriented concepts, it covers only the structural requirements. Therefore, the meta-model is further extended in this paper to include the behavior modeling of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is demonstrated with the help of Traffic Light Controller and Arbiter case studies. Following the model-based system engineering process, the high-level models can be transformed into the low-level models.
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering
Being an important application of the Internet of Things, smart spaces are increasingly developed... more Being an important application of the Internet of Things, smart spaces are increasingly developed throughout the world for different purposes ranging from home automation to smart grids. Despite the considerable focus given to the practical development of smart spaces, there are few attempts of utilizing formal methods in this domain. Especially, the requirements of developing a smart space have not yet been formally specified, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. To fill this gap, a formal specification approach is presented in this paper for smart space development. The proposed approach first identifies the key components of a smart space, then it uses a state-based formal specification language – Z, to formally specify the requirements of these components. The requirements of developing a hypothetical smart space are considered for formal specification in this paper. This work does not only demonstrate how the components of complex systems, such as smart spaces, can elegantly ...
The concepts of service-oriented computing (SOC) have previously been used in the embedded system... more The concepts of service-oriented computing (SOC) have previously been used in the embedded systems domain, mostly at the device level in ad hoc manners to achieve advantages of device integration. However, SOC has not been used for the development of embedded software systems (ESS), i.e., software controlling the embedded devices. To fill this gap, a process model is proposed in this article that allows the systematic development of ESS based on SOC concepts. The proposed process consists of analysis and design phases of embedded software development. The analysis phase is concerned with the collection of system information and preparation for system design. Based on this, the service-based software architecture is developed in the design phase. The effectiveness of the proposed process model is demonstrated through its application in the Smart Home case study.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet of things and Cloud Computing - ICC '16, 2016
A smart space is an increasingly important application of Internet of Things (IoT), which is bein... more A smart space is an increasingly important application of Internet of Things (IoT), which is being developed throughout the world for different purposes ranging from home automation to smart grids. However, a common approach for requirement capture and specification at an abstract level is needed in smart space development that is independent of the continuously changing technology. To provide a systematic process, the standard software engineering practices can be used in the smart space development, and hence take advantages of. In this context, this paper contributes in the field of requirement engineering for smart spaces by introducing the requirement specification technique based on software engineering Use Case concept. The conventional Use Case structure and the way it is described are modified to suit the requirements of smart spaces. The case of a hypothetical smart space development is considered, where the proposed requirement specification technique is applied and a Use Case repository is developed that can be used as a canonical resource for other researchers to draw upon. The implementation provides profound descriptions on how to use the proposed requirement specification technique during the development of smart spaces and in other application areas of IoT. This work can be used as a first step towards defining the smart space development framework, of which the proposed technique would be a key element.
An Embedded Real Time System (ERTS) is a special purpose computing system with unique properties ... more An Embedded Real Time System (ERTS) is a special purpose computing system with unique properties that has to react in the time slot given by the environment. In addition to the correct functioning of such systems, the time at which the output is produced is also significant. Generally, real-time systems are systems that maintain a continuous, timely interaction with its environment, therefore the design complexity of ERTS is rapidly increasing. The objective of the study is to identify different Design Methods/ Attributes to be considered by ERTS designers/developers for the appropriate design of ERTS. We will also identify different Tools and Languages which are suitable for ERTS Design. Furthermore, we will identify real world practices for the particular design methods to be adopted by ERTS Designers/Developers. Our ultimate goal is to develop a model or Design Model for Developers (DMD) in the context of ERTS. The model will assess the designer of ERTS to choose a correct design method, Design Tools and Design Languages which can be used for the best design of different types ERTS. Systematic Literature Review (SLR), empirical study and case study will be used for the development of the proposed Model (DMD). We are currently in the first phase of the Model (DMD) development and have developed the SLR protocol.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2011
The increasing use and reliance on Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems (DERTS) demand the enha... more The increasing use and reliance on Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems (DERTS) demand the enhancement of their capabilities. This along with the unique characteristics of DERTS, such as resource constraints, make the design and development more complex. State-of-the-art software development methods like Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) and Model-Driven Development can be used to cope with these complexities. However, both of the methods require the system to be designed at a higher level of abstraction and the details are provided at lower levels. Such design models for DERTS with different levels of abstractions are still currently unavailable. This paper presents four basic design models representing different levels of abstraction, to be used in Service-Oriented DERTS design. The proposed models were applied in the Home Automation domain for verification purposes. This level-by-level modelling does not only simplify the design process, but can also be used as part of a Service-Oriented modelling framework for DERTS. Furthermore, these design models can support service composition during Service-Oriented DERTS development. The service composition modelling would be beneficial for CASE tools development in supporting designers working at different levels of abstraction.
Analysis and design are the key phases in any software development life cycle. Service identifica... more Analysis and design are the key phases in any software development life cycle. Service identification is one of the most important steps performed in the analysis phase of service-oriented software development life cycle. Service-orientation has been applied successfully in the domain of distributed embedded real-time system because of the advantages it provides such as reusability and interoperability. However, a systematic service-oriented development methodology for distributed embedded real-time system is ...
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