Malet med den har studien ar: att sammanstalla och sprida kunskap om fotgangares fallolyckor (s... more Malet med den har studien ar: att sammanstalla och sprida kunskap om fotgangares fallolyckor (singelolyckor) att kartlagga vad man vet om skadebilder, skademekanismer och toleransnivaer att studera mojliga (passiva) atgarder for att reducera risken for allvarlig skada och dod att foresla testmetoder Studien har fokuserat pa kroppsregionerna hoft, handled och huvud. Hoftfrakturer och huvudskador tillhor de allvarligaste skadorna som fotgangare kan raka ut for. Exempelvis har ungefar var tredje hoftfrakturpatient avlidit inom ett ar efter skadan. Handledsfrakturer ar mycket vanligt forekommande och drabbar foretradelsevis kvinnor >45 ar. Det finns potential att forebygga handledsfrakturer med hjalp av personskydd; daremot verkar underlaget inte ha nagon storre effekt pa skadeutfallet. Bade hoftfrakturer och huvudskador skulle dock forebyggas med hjalp av bade personskydd och/eller genom att installera stotdampande underlag i fotgangarnas trafikmiljo.
To analyze a cohort of 745 consecutive patients referred to a regional specialist clinic for eval... more To analyze a cohort of 745 consecutive patients referred to a regional specialist clinic for evaluation of post-traumatic neck pain during a five-year period. A cross-sectional observational study of baseline assessments performed by multi-professional rehabilitation teams according to a standardized checklist. The cohort contained nearly twice as many females as males (64% versus 36%). The type of injury did not differ between sexes. Of the entire cohort, 38% were diagnosed with widespread pain, 50% with regional pain, and 12% with local pain. The pain distribution among the females was 43% widespread, 48% regional, and 9% local, and corresponding figures among males were 29%, 53%, and 18%. Longer time between trauma and assessment did not affect pain distribution among the men, but a tendency towards more widespread pain was observed among the women. The importance of "female sex" as risk factor for the development of persistent pain after neck trauma needs to be discuss...
Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs), or whiplash injuries, due to low-severity vehicle crashes a... more Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs), or whiplash injuries, due to low-severity vehicle crashes are of great concern in motorized countries and it is well established that the risk of such injuries is higher for females than for males, even in similar crash conditions. Recent protective systems have been shown to be more beneficial for males than for females. Hence, there is a need for improved tools to address female WAD prevention when developing and evaluating the performance of whiplash protection systems. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a finite element model of a 50th percentile female rear impact crash test dummy. The anthropometry of the 50th percentile female was specified based on literature data. The model, called EvaRID (female rear impact dummy), was based on the same design concept as the existing 50th percentile male rear impact dummy, the BioRID II. A scaling approach was developed and the first version, EvaRID V1.0, was implemented. Its dynamic response was compared to female volunteer data from rear impact sled tests. The EvaRID V1.0 model and the volunteer tests compared well until ∼250 ms of the head and T1 forward accelerations and rearward linear displacements and of the head rearward angular displacement. Markedly less T1 rearward angular displacement was found for the EvaRID model compared to the female volunteers. Similar results were received for the BioRID II model when comparing simulated responses with experimental data under volunteer loading conditions. The results indicate that the biofidelity of the EvaRID V1.0 and BioRID II FE models have limitations, predominantly in the T1 rearward angular displacement, at low velocity changes (7 km/h). The BioRID II model was validated against dummy test results in a loading range close to consumer test conditions (EuroNCAP) and lower severity levels of volunteer testing were not considered. The EvaRID dummy model demonstrated the potential of becoming a valuable tool when evaluating and developing seats and whiplash protection systems. However, updates of the joint stiffness will be required to provide better correlation at lower load levels. Moreover, the seated posture, curvature of the spine, and head position of 50th percentile female occupants needs to be established and implemented in future models.
Malet med den har studien ar: att sammanstalla och sprida kunskap om fotgangares fallolyckor (s... more Malet med den har studien ar: att sammanstalla och sprida kunskap om fotgangares fallolyckor (singelolyckor) att kartlagga vad man vet om skadebilder, skademekanismer och toleransnivaer att studera mojliga (passiva) atgarder for att reducera risken for allvarlig skada och dod att foresla testmetoder Studien har fokuserat pa kroppsregionerna hoft, handled och huvud. Hoftfrakturer och huvudskador tillhor de allvarligaste skadorna som fotgangare kan raka ut for. Exempelvis har ungefar var tredje hoftfrakturpatient avlidit inom ett ar efter skadan. Handledsfrakturer ar mycket vanligt forekommande och drabbar foretradelsevis kvinnor >45 ar. Det finns potential att forebygga handledsfrakturer med hjalp av personskydd; daremot verkar underlaget inte ha nagon storre effekt pa skadeutfallet. Bade hoftfrakturer och huvudskador skulle dock forebyggas med hjalp av bade personskydd och/eller genom att installera stotdampande underlag i fotgangarnas trafikmiljo.
To analyze a cohort of 745 consecutive patients referred to a regional specialist clinic for eval... more To analyze a cohort of 745 consecutive patients referred to a regional specialist clinic for evaluation of post-traumatic neck pain during a five-year period. A cross-sectional observational study of baseline assessments performed by multi-professional rehabilitation teams according to a standardized checklist. The cohort contained nearly twice as many females as males (64% versus 36%). The type of injury did not differ between sexes. Of the entire cohort, 38% were diagnosed with widespread pain, 50% with regional pain, and 12% with local pain. The pain distribution among the females was 43% widespread, 48% regional, and 9% local, and corresponding figures among males were 29%, 53%, and 18%. Longer time between trauma and assessment did not affect pain distribution among the men, but a tendency towards more widespread pain was observed among the women. The importance of "female sex" as risk factor for the development of persistent pain after neck trauma needs to be discuss...
Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs), or whiplash injuries, due to low-severity vehicle crashes a... more Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs), or whiplash injuries, due to low-severity vehicle crashes are of great concern in motorized countries and it is well established that the risk of such injuries is higher for females than for males, even in similar crash conditions. Recent protective systems have been shown to be more beneficial for males than for females. Hence, there is a need for improved tools to address female WAD prevention when developing and evaluating the performance of whiplash protection systems. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a finite element model of a 50th percentile female rear impact crash test dummy. The anthropometry of the 50th percentile female was specified based on literature data. The model, called EvaRID (female rear impact dummy), was based on the same design concept as the existing 50th percentile male rear impact dummy, the BioRID II. A scaling approach was developed and the first version, EvaRID V1.0, was implemented. Its dynamic response was compared to female volunteer data from rear impact sled tests. The EvaRID V1.0 model and the volunteer tests compared well until ∼250 ms of the head and T1 forward accelerations and rearward linear displacements and of the head rearward angular displacement. Markedly less T1 rearward angular displacement was found for the EvaRID model compared to the female volunteers. Similar results were received for the BioRID II model when comparing simulated responses with experimental data under volunteer loading conditions. The results indicate that the biofidelity of the EvaRID V1.0 and BioRID II FE models have limitations, predominantly in the T1 rearward angular displacement, at low velocity changes (7 km/h). The BioRID II model was validated against dummy test results in a loading range close to consumer test conditions (EuroNCAP) and lower severity levels of volunteer testing were not considered. The EvaRID dummy model demonstrated the potential of becoming a valuable tool when evaluating and developing seats and whiplash protection systems. However, updates of the joint stiffness will be required to provide better correlation at lower load levels. Moreover, the seated posture, curvature of the spine, and head position of 50th percentile female occupants needs to be established and implemented in future models.
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