Gyoza in Japanese, which denotes Chinese dumpling, has based on the pronunciation of Jiaoliao Gua... more Gyoza in Japanese, which denotes Chinese dumpling, has based on the pronunciation of Jiaoliao Guanhua used at Shandong peninsula and Liaodong peninsula.
This paper is discussing the subject in the disposal construction of Taiwanese Hailu Hakka. We co... more This paper is discussing the subject in the disposal construction of Taiwanese Hailu Hakka. We concluded that the subject in this construction is needed to have the higher transitivity than Mandarin Chinese.
This paper is discussing Chhiah which denotes dark red in Taiwanese Southern Min. Chhiah, which i... more This paper is discussing Chhiah which denotes dark red in Taiwanese Southern Min. Chhiah, which is pronounced Chi in Standard Chinese, is also one of the basic color terms (BCT) in Old Chinese. However it refers red, not dark red. Chi was replaced by Hong as BCT in the history of Chinese completely. However it has been saved in some Sinitic languages, like Southern Min. Its reference range is smaller than that in Old Chinese, restricted around the peripheral range of red. We can confirm the reduction of its range and the lost of its membership of BCT in this phenomenon.
This article intends to put forward the hypothesis that "ʃit5識" grammaticalized from a verb with ... more This article intends to put forward the hypothesis that "ʃit5識" grammaticalized from a verb with the meaning of "knowing" to the experiential aspect marker through an analysis of the polysemous structure of the Taiwanese Hailu Hakka language "ʃit5 識".
Gyoza in Japanese, which denotes Chinese dumpling, has based on the pronunciation of Jiaoliao Gua... more Gyoza in Japanese, which denotes Chinese dumpling, has based on the pronunciation of Jiaoliao Guanhua used at Shandong peninsula and Liaodong peninsula.
This paper is discussing the subject in the disposal construction of Taiwanese Hailu Hakka. We co... more This paper is discussing the subject in the disposal construction of Taiwanese Hailu Hakka. We concluded that the subject in this construction is needed to have the higher transitivity than Mandarin Chinese.
This paper is discussing Chhiah which denotes dark red in Taiwanese Southern Min. Chhiah, which i... more This paper is discussing Chhiah which denotes dark red in Taiwanese Southern Min. Chhiah, which is pronounced Chi in Standard Chinese, is also one of the basic color terms (BCT) in Old Chinese. However it refers red, not dark red. Chi was replaced by Hong as BCT in the history of Chinese completely. However it has been saved in some Sinitic languages, like Southern Min. Its reference range is smaller than that in Old Chinese, restricted around the peripheral range of red. We can confirm the reduction of its range and the lost of its membership of BCT in this phenomenon.
This article intends to put forward the hypothesis that "ʃit5識" grammaticalized from a verb with ... more This article intends to put forward the hypothesis that "ʃit5識" grammaticalized from a verb with the meaning of "knowing" to the experiential aspect marker through an analysis of the polysemous structure of the Taiwanese Hailu Hakka language "ʃit5 識".
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Papers by Masahiro Endo
孻仔（兒子）、kai53 ә55 雞仔（雞）等。這個小稱詞的語音形式與漢語共
同語（普通話）的「子 (ʦɿ214)」綴相距甚遠。那麼[ә55]（海陸客語）或
[e31]（四縣客語）等零聲母的小稱詞的本字是哪一個字或來源於什麼樣
的語素呢？這個問題尚未得到定論。因此其用字也沒有統一。在臺灣常
用的是「仔」字，除此之外，有人用「兒」字或用「子」字。對此問題，
本文從共時層面和歷時層面對聲韻調各方面加以考察並指出海陸客語
的小稱詞[ә55]源自「子」字的可能性。雖然因資料有限而沒法直接證實
此事，但可以將共時材料和歷時材料當作旁證進行推測。這些材料的情
況大致符合莊初昇(2020)提出的假說，即：海陸片及粵台片等客家話的
小稱詞聲韻的演變過程是由「子」[ʦɿ]弱化為[ә]或[ɛ]等。其中海陸片客
語的演變鏈條為：ʦɿ > ʦә > tә > lә > ә。本文為此說補充若干材料將這個
鏈條的根據精緻化，而構擬出如下的演變鏈條，即：ʦɿ > tә (ʣә / zә) > lә
> ә。就聲調而言，其演變過程具有由上聲（升調）變為陽平（高平調）
的可能性。
孻仔（兒子）、kai53 ә55 雞仔（雞）等。這個小稱詞的語音形式與漢語共
同語（普通話）的「子 (ʦɿ214)」綴相距甚遠。那麼[ә55]（海陸客語）或
[e31]（四縣客語）等零聲母的小稱詞的本字是哪一個字或來源於什麼樣
的語素呢？這個問題尚未得到定論。因此其用字也沒有統一。在臺灣常
用的是「仔」字，除此之外，有人用「兒」字或用「子」字。對此問題，
本文從共時層面和歷時層面對聲韻調各方面加以考察並指出海陸客語
的小稱詞[ә55]源自「子」字的可能性。雖然因資料有限而沒法直接證實
此事，但可以將共時材料和歷時材料當作旁證進行推測。這些材料的情
況大致符合莊初昇(2020)提出的假說，即：海陸片及粵台片等客家話的
小稱詞聲韻的演變過程是由「子」[ʦɿ]弱化為[ә]或[ɛ]等。其中海陸片客
語的演變鏈條為：ʦɿ > ʦә > tә > lә > ә。本文為此說補充若干材料將這個
鏈條的根據精緻化，而構擬出如下的演變鏈條，即：ʦɿ > tә (ʣә / zә) > lә
> ә。就聲調而言，其演變過程具有由上聲（升調）變為陽平（高平調）
的可能性。