IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1995
Page 1. Experimental validation of a numerical model of busbar systems 0. Battauscio M. Chiampi D... more Page 1. Experimental validation of a numerical model of busbar systems 0. Battauscio M. Chiampi D. Chiarabaglio Indexing tDLp: Busbor systems, Nume~ical model, Finite element technique, Complex impedance matrix Ai~l ...
Every time with major frequency grows the necessity of energy efficient buildings, adapted to the... more Every time with major frequency grows the necessity of energy efficient buildings, adapted to their environment, which consume and contaminate as least as possible. In this study it has been analyzed and evaluated the thermal conditioning of two blocks of flats, a renovation one and a new one, taking advantage of the bioclimatic technologies and using renewable sources of energy. Both buildings have been constructed by the Empresa Municipal de la Vivienda y Suelo (EMVS) in the neighbourhood of San Cristobal de los Angeles (Madrid). With this objective, it has been compared the thermal performance before and after the renovation of one of these buildings and it has been quantified the energy consumptions in both situations. The energetic evaluation of the houses allows knowing the thermal behaviour in real conditions of use, (Monitorization). This methodology consists in the installation of several sensors in different places of each house as well as at the exterior of the building. ...
Building occupancy is one of the relevant variables to understand the energy performance of build... more Building occupancy is one of the relevant variables to understand the energy performance of buildings and to reduce the current gap between simulation-based and actual energy performance. In this study, the occupancy of a classroom in an educational center monitored over a full year was experimentally assessed. The classroom had different occupancy levels during the school year, with a theoretical minimum of eleven students, and no occupancy during vacations and weekends. Different variables such as indoor air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, overall electrical energy consumption of the educational center, electrical energy consumption of the building in which the monitored classroom is located, and heating energy consumption were recorded. We analyzed which of these variables were possible indicators of classroom occupancy, using the school timetable as a theoretical reference value for the validation of the results. Based on previous studies, one-hour moving aver...
Historic, listed, or unlisted, buildings account for 30% of the European building stock. Since th... more Historic, listed, or unlisted, buildings account for 30% of the European building stock. Since they are complex systems of cultural, architectural, and identity value, they need particular attention to ensure that they are preserved, used, and managed over time in a sustainable way. This implies a demand for retrofit solutions able to improve indoor thermal conditions while reducing the use of energy sources and preserving the heritage significance. Often, however, the choice and implementation of retrofit solutions in historic buildings is limited by socio-technical barriers (regulations, lack of knowledge on the hygrothermal behaviour of built heritage, economic viability, etc.). This paper presents the approach devised in the IEA-SHC Task 59 project (Renovating Historic Buildings Towards Zero Energy) to support decision makers in selecting retrofit solutions, in accordance with the provision of the EN 16883:2017 standard. In particular, the method followed by the project partners...
Cada edificio es una expresión de la época histórica en la que se realizó, del gusto, del arte de... more Cada edificio es una expresión de la época histórica en la que se realizó, del gusto, del arte de construir y del conocimiento técnico característicos del contexto geográfico en el que se encuentra. La imperiosa necesidad de operar en el patrimonio arquitectónico existente, con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia energética, nos pone ante un conflicto que se divide entre la observación de los principios propio de la restauración y los límites impuestos por la legislación relativa a la reducción del consumo energético.
Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, tr... more Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of nature-based solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Te...
Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels fo... more Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather da...
En este trabajo se muestra un estudio del comportamiento termico y dinamico de una fachada ventil... more En este trabajo se muestra un estudio del comportamiento termico y dinamico de una fachada ventilada de juntas abiertas. Mas concretamente, se han realizado medidas experimentales y simulaciones numericas orientadas a la investigacion del funcionamiento de una fachada ventilada de juntas abiertas expuesta a la radiacion solar en periodo de verano y de invierno. En el estudio experimental, primeramente, se han obtenido las caracteristicas globales de funcionamiento de una fachada ventilada de juntas abierta situada en un edificio en la ciudad de Almeria. Despues, mediante la utilizacion de sensores de temperatura se han obtenido las distribuciones de las temperaturas en la cara interior del revestimiento exterior (plaquetas ceramicas), en el canal de aire y en la pared interior del cerramiento. Se ha estudiado la validez de los distintos resultados mediante un correspondiente analisis. Las simulaciones numericas se han llevado a cabo utilizando un programa basado en la solucion de la...
Ventilated facades are applied in both new and existing buildings. It has been claimed that these... more Ventilated facades are applied in both new and existing buildings. It has been claimed that these components help to reduce energy use in buildings and improve occupant comfort. However, their performance strongly depends on the airflow passing through the cavity. In order to characterise and to model the behaviour of the ventilation and its effectiveness, the components need to be tested in the laboratory, as well as under real dynamic weather conditions. Despite the steadily growing research in this area, there are few studies with conclusive results about the reliability of existing experimental procedures for characterisation of airflow in the ventilated cavities. The aim of this paper is to describe and review recent state of the art experimental assessments for the airflow characterisation in ventilated cavities. The paper starts with a short introduction on the potentialities and limitations of different experimental methodologies, and continues with a detailed classification...
espanolEl proyecto PRENDE, desarrolla un servicio orientado al ciudadano mediante herramientas TI... more espanolEl proyecto PRENDE, desarrolla un servicio orientado al ciudadano mediante herramientas TIC (Tecnologias de Informacion y Comunicacion) de facil acceso y manejo, necesario para informar e incentivar el interes de los vecinos por mejorar la eficiencia energetica de su distrito a traves de la rehabilitacion energetica de los inmuebles y la recomendacion de buenas practicas. El reto fundamental al que se enfrenta PRENDE es integrar al ciudadano en el proceso de rehabilitacion, en concienciarle de la necesidad y beneficios que supone mejorar la eficiencia energetica de su vivienda, de su distrito y de su ciudad. Hasta la fecha, se han utilizado con tal fin tecnicas de campana tradicionales con resultados poco exitosos. El proyecto aborda esta problematica desarrollando y aplicando una metodologia integradora, fundada en aspectos propios de distintas disciplinas, para implantar una estrategia dinamizadora y de comunicacion totalmente orientada al ciudadano. Esta metodologia permit...
Abstract A new simulation platform has been created to quantify the energy response of existing r... more Abstract A new simulation platform has been created to quantify the energy response of existing residential buildings with different refurbishment strategies. This tool has been developed as a multi-step form wizard to select the simulation options. The energy improvements have been calculated through the coupling between TRNSYS and GenOpt. Output information is: annual thermal loads, monthly loads reductions and cost estimations. Four refurbishment options have been evaluated considering different combined actions. The renovation of the building envelope is the most expensive action with the highest annual savings while the behavior of inhabitants is the cheapest option with the lowest annual savings.
Positive Energy Districts (PED) are areas within cities that generate more renewable energy than ... more Positive Energy Districts (PED) are areas within cities that generate more renewable energy than they consume, contributing to cities’ energy system transformation toward carbon neutrality. Since PED is a novel concept, the implementation is very challenging. Within the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, which offers an open space for collaboration among scientists across Europe (and beyond), this paper asks what the needs for supporting the implementation of PEDs are. To answer this, it draws on Delphi process (expert reviews) as the main method alongside the literature review and also uses surveys as supplementary methods to identify the main challenges for developing PEDs. Initial findings reveal seven interacting topics that later were ranked as highest to the lowest as the following: governance, incentive, social, process, market, technology and context. These are interrelated and interdependent, implying that none can be considered in isolation of th...
IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1995
Page 1. Experimental validation of a numerical model of busbar systems 0. Battauscio M. Chiampi D... more Page 1. Experimental validation of a numerical model of busbar systems 0. Battauscio M. Chiampi D. Chiarabaglio Indexing tDLp: Busbor systems, Nume~ical model, Finite element technique, Complex impedance matrix Ai~l ...
Every time with major frequency grows the necessity of energy efficient buildings, adapted to the... more Every time with major frequency grows the necessity of energy efficient buildings, adapted to their environment, which consume and contaminate as least as possible. In this study it has been analyzed and evaluated the thermal conditioning of two blocks of flats, a renovation one and a new one, taking advantage of the bioclimatic technologies and using renewable sources of energy. Both buildings have been constructed by the Empresa Municipal de la Vivienda y Suelo (EMVS) in the neighbourhood of San Cristobal de los Angeles (Madrid). With this objective, it has been compared the thermal performance before and after the renovation of one of these buildings and it has been quantified the energy consumptions in both situations. The energetic evaluation of the houses allows knowing the thermal behaviour in real conditions of use, (Monitorization). This methodology consists in the installation of several sensors in different places of each house as well as at the exterior of the building. ...
Building occupancy is one of the relevant variables to understand the energy performance of build... more Building occupancy is one of the relevant variables to understand the energy performance of buildings and to reduce the current gap between simulation-based and actual energy performance. In this study, the occupancy of a classroom in an educational center monitored over a full year was experimentally assessed. The classroom had different occupancy levels during the school year, with a theoretical minimum of eleven students, and no occupancy during vacations and weekends. Different variables such as indoor air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, overall electrical energy consumption of the educational center, electrical energy consumption of the building in which the monitored classroom is located, and heating energy consumption were recorded. We analyzed which of these variables were possible indicators of classroom occupancy, using the school timetable as a theoretical reference value for the validation of the results. Based on previous studies, one-hour moving aver...
Historic, listed, or unlisted, buildings account for 30% of the European building stock. Since th... more Historic, listed, or unlisted, buildings account for 30% of the European building stock. Since they are complex systems of cultural, architectural, and identity value, they need particular attention to ensure that they are preserved, used, and managed over time in a sustainable way. This implies a demand for retrofit solutions able to improve indoor thermal conditions while reducing the use of energy sources and preserving the heritage significance. Often, however, the choice and implementation of retrofit solutions in historic buildings is limited by socio-technical barriers (regulations, lack of knowledge on the hygrothermal behaviour of built heritage, economic viability, etc.). This paper presents the approach devised in the IEA-SHC Task 59 project (Renovating Historic Buildings Towards Zero Energy) to support decision makers in selecting retrofit solutions, in accordance with the provision of the EN 16883:2017 standard. In particular, the method followed by the project partners...
Cada edificio es una expresión de la época histórica en la que se realizó, del gusto, del arte de... more Cada edificio es una expresión de la época histórica en la que se realizó, del gusto, del arte de construir y del conocimiento técnico característicos del contexto geográfico en el que se encuentra. La imperiosa necesidad de operar en el patrimonio arquitectónico existente, con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia energética, nos pone ante un conflicto que se divide entre la observación de los principios propio de la restauración y los límites impuestos por la legislación relativa a la reducción del consumo energético.
Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, tr... more Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of nature-based solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Te...
Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels fo... more Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather da...
En este trabajo se muestra un estudio del comportamiento termico y dinamico de una fachada ventil... more En este trabajo se muestra un estudio del comportamiento termico y dinamico de una fachada ventilada de juntas abiertas. Mas concretamente, se han realizado medidas experimentales y simulaciones numericas orientadas a la investigacion del funcionamiento de una fachada ventilada de juntas abiertas expuesta a la radiacion solar en periodo de verano y de invierno. En el estudio experimental, primeramente, se han obtenido las caracteristicas globales de funcionamiento de una fachada ventilada de juntas abierta situada en un edificio en la ciudad de Almeria. Despues, mediante la utilizacion de sensores de temperatura se han obtenido las distribuciones de las temperaturas en la cara interior del revestimiento exterior (plaquetas ceramicas), en el canal de aire y en la pared interior del cerramiento. Se ha estudiado la validez de los distintos resultados mediante un correspondiente analisis. Las simulaciones numericas se han llevado a cabo utilizando un programa basado en la solucion de la...
Ventilated facades are applied in both new and existing buildings. It has been claimed that these... more Ventilated facades are applied in both new and existing buildings. It has been claimed that these components help to reduce energy use in buildings and improve occupant comfort. However, their performance strongly depends on the airflow passing through the cavity. In order to characterise and to model the behaviour of the ventilation and its effectiveness, the components need to be tested in the laboratory, as well as under real dynamic weather conditions. Despite the steadily growing research in this area, there are few studies with conclusive results about the reliability of existing experimental procedures for characterisation of airflow in the ventilated cavities. The aim of this paper is to describe and review recent state of the art experimental assessments for the airflow characterisation in ventilated cavities. The paper starts with a short introduction on the potentialities and limitations of different experimental methodologies, and continues with a detailed classification...
espanolEl proyecto PRENDE, desarrolla un servicio orientado al ciudadano mediante herramientas TI... more espanolEl proyecto PRENDE, desarrolla un servicio orientado al ciudadano mediante herramientas TIC (Tecnologias de Informacion y Comunicacion) de facil acceso y manejo, necesario para informar e incentivar el interes de los vecinos por mejorar la eficiencia energetica de su distrito a traves de la rehabilitacion energetica de los inmuebles y la recomendacion de buenas practicas. El reto fundamental al que se enfrenta PRENDE es integrar al ciudadano en el proceso de rehabilitacion, en concienciarle de la necesidad y beneficios que supone mejorar la eficiencia energetica de su vivienda, de su distrito y de su ciudad. Hasta la fecha, se han utilizado con tal fin tecnicas de campana tradicionales con resultados poco exitosos. El proyecto aborda esta problematica desarrollando y aplicando una metodologia integradora, fundada en aspectos propios de distintas disciplinas, para implantar una estrategia dinamizadora y de comunicacion totalmente orientada al ciudadano. Esta metodologia permit...
Abstract A new simulation platform has been created to quantify the energy response of existing r... more Abstract A new simulation platform has been created to quantify the energy response of existing residential buildings with different refurbishment strategies. This tool has been developed as a multi-step form wizard to select the simulation options. The energy improvements have been calculated through the coupling between TRNSYS and GenOpt. Output information is: annual thermal loads, monthly loads reductions and cost estimations. Four refurbishment options have been evaluated considering different combined actions. The renovation of the building envelope is the most expensive action with the highest annual savings while the behavior of inhabitants is the cheapest option with the lowest annual savings.
Positive Energy Districts (PED) are areas within cities that generate more renewable energy than ... more Positive Energy Districts (PED) are areas within cities that generate more renewable energy than they consume, contributing to cities’ energy system transformation toward carbon neutrality. Since PED is a novel concept, the implementation is very challenging. Within the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, which offers an open space for collaboration among scientists across Europe (and beyond), this paper asks what the needs for supporting the implementation of PEDs are. To answer this, it draws on Delphi process (expert reviews) as the main method alongside the literature review and also uses surveys as supplementary methods to identify the main challenges for developing PEDs. Initial findings reveal seven interacting topics that later were ranked as highest to the lowest as the following: governance, incentive, social, process, market, technology and context. These are interrelated and interdependent, implying that none can be considered in isolation of th...
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