La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de... more La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de sus posibles consecuencias negativas para el ambiente y la seguridad de tenencia de la tierra. Para otros actores, sin embargo, esta ley es positiva para la economía del país. En ese contexto, este documento hace un análisis exhaustivo de la Ley 30230, evaluando sus posibles impactos en el tema ambiental y derechos sobre la tenencia de la tierra.
In Peru, since 1974, more than 1,200 communities have been titled in the Amazon for over 12 milli... more In Peru, since 1974, more than 1,200 communities have been titled in the Amazon for over 12 million hectares, representing about 20% of the country’s national forest area. This working paper analyzes policy and regulatory changes that have influenced how indigenous peoples access, use and manage forest and land resources in the Peruvian Amazon during the last fifty years. It reviews the main motivations behind changes, the institutional structures defined by law and the outcomes of these changes in practice. The paper discusses political priorities related to land and forest tenure, social actors involved in reform debates and the mechanisms used for recognizing indigenous rights claims. The paper argues that there has not been a single reform process in Peru; instead multiple reforms have shaped forest tenure rights, contributing to both progress and setbacks for indigenous people and communities. This working paper is part of a global comparative research initiative that is analyzing reform processes that recognize collective tenure rights to forests and land in six countries in highly forested regions.
La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de... more La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de sus posibles consecuencias negativas para el ambiente y la seguridad de tenencia de la tierra. Para otros actores, sin embargo, esta ley es positiva para la economía del país. En ese contexto, este documento hace un análisis exhaustivo de la Ley 30230, evaluando sus posibles impactos en el tema ambiental y derechos sobre la tenencia de la tierra.
ABSTRACT This paper examines the emerging role of secondary level organisations in the democratis... more ABSTRACT This paper examines the emerging role of secondary level organisations in the democratisation of forest governance by analysing two cases of forest-based collective action in Nepal and Guatemala. It explores the conditions surrounding the emergence and growth of these secondary level organisations, and examines the nature of their organisational approaches, strategic actions, and the resulting outcomes in terms of democratising forest governance. The organisations discussed in this paper are products of broader decentralisation processes and represent organised and empowered forest people. They are capable of shifting the balance of power in favour of community level institutions, and can compel state agencies to become more accountable to the needs of forest-dependent citizens. As a result, by leading collective action beyond the community to a secondary level, these organisations have influenced forest governance by making it more democratic, equitable and productive.
ABSTRACT This article reviews research on forests in Central America under the lens of common poo... more ABSTRACT This article reviews research on forests in Central America under the lens of common pool resources literature. It briefly presents research in the region and highlights some limitations of the majority of common property scholarship. The article draws on three case studies in Guatemala and Nicaragua that were part of a study on forest tenure reforms in 2006–2009 to demonstrate the need to expand beyond the traditional questions and methods of common property research. It argues that greater attention must be given to the dynamic, historical processes that produce boundaries and institutions, rather than accepting these as givens. Resumen: El presente artículo hace una revisión de la investigación en Centroamérica en materia de bosques desde la perspectiva de la teoría de los recursos de uso común. Se inicia con una revisión breve de los trabajos de investigación realizados a nivel regional y después se resaltan algunas limitaciones de la mayoría de los estudios sobre propiedad común. El artículo se enfoca en el análisis de tres casos de estudio en Guatemala y Nicaragua que fueron parte de un estudio sobre reformas de tenencia en los bosques realizado entre el 2006 y el 2009 para demostrar la necesidad de ampliar las reflexiones más allá de las preguntas y los métodos utilizados en la investigación sobre la propiedad comunal. Se argumenta que hay que incorporar en el análisis temas vinculados a la dinámica y los procesos históricos que producen instituciones y límites en vez de inferir estos aspectos como dados.
La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de... more La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de sus posibles consecuencias negativas para el ambiente y la seguridad de tenencia de la tierra. Para otros actores, sin embargo, esta ley es positiva para la economía del país. En ese contexto, este documento hace un análisis exhaustivo de la Ley 30230, evaluando sus posibles impactos en el tema ambiental y derechos sobre la tenencia de la tierra.
In Peru, since 1974, more than 1,200 communities have been titled in the Amazon for over 12 milli... more In Peru, since 1974, more than 1,200 communities have been titled in the Amazon for over 12 million hectares, representing about 20% of the country’s national forest area. This working paper analyzes policy and regulatory changes that have influenced how indigenous peoples access, use and manage forest and land resources in the Peruvian Amazon during the last fifty years. It reviews the main motivations behind changes, the institutional structures defined by law and the outcomes of these changes in practice. The paper discusses political priorities related to land and forest tenure, social actors involved in reform debates and the mechanisms used for recognizing indigenous rights claims. The paper argues that there has not been a single reform process in Peru; instead multiple reforms have shaped forest tenure rights, contributing to both progress and setbacks for indigenous people and communities. This working paper is part of a global comparative research initiative that is analyzing reform processes that recognize collective tenure rights to forests and land in six countries in highly forested regions.
La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de... more La reciente Ley 30230 ha generado la preocupación de varios actores en Perú, quienes advierten de sus posibles consecuencias negativas para el ambiente y la seguridad de tenencia de la tierra. Para otros actores, sin embargo, esta ley es positiva para la economía del país. En ese contexto, este documento hace un análisis exhaustivo de la Ley 30230, evaluando sus posibles impactos en el tema ambiental y derechos sobre la tenencia de la tierra.
ABSTRACT This paper examines the emerging role of secondary level organisations in the democratis... more ABSTRACT This paper examines the emerging role of secondary level organisations in the democratisation of forest governance by analysing two cases of forest-based collective action in Nepal and Guatemala. It explores the conditions surrounding the emergence and growth of these secondary level organisations, and examines the nature of their organisational approaches, strategic actions, and the resulting outcomes in terms of democratising forest governance. The organisations discussed in this paper are products of broader decentralisation processes and represent organised and empowered forest people. They are capable of shifting the balance of power in favour of community level institutions, and can compel state agencies to become more accountable to the needs of forest-dependent citizens. As a result, by leading collective action beyond the community to a secondary level, these organisations have influenced forest governance by making it more democratic, equitable and productive.
ABSTRACT This article reviews research on forests in Central America under the lens of common poo... more ABSTRACT This article reviews research on forests in Central America under the lens of common pool resources literature. It briefly presents research in the region and highlights some limitations of the majority of common property scholarship. The article draws on three case studies in Guatemala and Nicaragua that were part of a study on forest tenure reforms in 2006–2009 to demonstrate the need to expand beyond the traditional questions and methods of common property research. It argues that greater attention must be given to the dynamic, historical processes that produce boundaries and institutions, rather than accepting these as givens. Resumen: El presente artículo hace una revisión de la investigación en Centroamérica en materia de bosques desde la perspectiva de la teoría de los recursos de uso común. Se inicia con una revisión breve de los trabajos de investigación realizados a nivel regional y después se resaltan algunas limitaciones de la mayoría de los estudios sobre propiedad común. El artículo se enfoca en el análisis de tres casos de estudio en Guatemala y Nicaragua que fueron parte de un estudio sobre reformas de tenencia en los bosques realizado entre el 2006 y el 2009 para demostrar la necesidad de ampliar las reflexiones más allá de las preguntas y los métodos utilizados en la investigación sobre la propiedad comunal. Se argumenta que hay que incorporar en el análisis temas vinculados a la dinámica y los procesos históricos que producen instituciones y límites en vez de inferir estos aspectos como dados.
Rights to forests have been contested for hundreds of years, and the vast majority of the worlds... more Rights to forests have been contested for hundreds of years, and the vast majority of the worlds forests (approximately 73%) are, by statutory law, public property (RRI, 2014). Who should own or manage forests is repeatedly debated, while deforestation and degradation still characterize the vast majority of tropical forest regions (FAO, 2010). These questions may have increasing importance in the 21st century: forests are central to climate change issues, as both source and sink for carbon emissions, they are susceptible to extreme events and to gradual change, and they are essential for ecosystem services and the resilience of human populations, including some of the poorest on the planet. Though urbanization has led to decreasing pressures on forests in some areas, pressure is likely to rise due to investments in forest lands (see Alforte et al., 2014) and a growing global population.
Rights to forests have been contested for hundreds of years, and the vast majority of the worlds... more Rights to forests have been contested for hundreds of years, and the vast majority of the worlds forests (approximately 73%) are, by statutory law, public property (RRI, 2014). Who should own or manage forests is repeatedly debated, while deforestation and degradation still characterize the vast majority of tropical forest regions (FAO, 2010). These questions may have increasing importance in the 21st century: forests are central to climate change issues, as both source and sink for carbon emissions, they are susceptible to extreme events and to gradual change, and they are essential for ecosystem services and the resilience of human populations, including some of the poorest on the planet. Though urbanization has led to decreasing pressures on forests in some areas, pressure is likely to rise due to investments in forest lands (see Alforte et al., 2014) and a growing global population.
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Papers by Iliana Monterroso