Food is a daily requirement for everyone, while production patterns are seasonal. Producing suffi... more Food is a daily requirement for everyone, while production patterns are seasonal. Producing sufficient nutrients is becoming more difficult because water and soil resources are already stressed and are becoming increasingly strained by climate change. Improving food security requires expertise in various areas, including sophisticated climate models, genetics research, market and household behaviour modelling, political shock modelling, and comprehensive environmental research. Additionally, governments stockpile grains to enhance national food security. These reserves should engage in markets only according to clear and transparent regulations and within defined price ranges to facilitate market functioning. It increases the demand for better technology in public administration to boost the management and distribution capacity while concentrating on improved controls and transparent governance systems. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising technology to enhance visibility, transparency, and data integrity with an immutable distributed ledger to increase trust in the parties’ business transactions. This paper discusses blockchain technology and its potential role in strategic grain reserve management.
The world is facing an unprecedented socio-economic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus infect... more The world is facing an unprecedented socio-economic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The virus is also spreading through the import and export food supply chains. The Chinese authorities have discovered the COVID-19 virus in various imported frozen meat packages. Traceability plays a vital role in food quality and food safety. The Internet of Things (IoT) provides solutions to overseeing environmental conditions, product quality, and product traceability. These solutions are traditionally based on a centralized architecture, which does not guarantee tamper-proof data sharing. The blockchain is an emerging technology that provides tamper-proof data sharing in real-time. This article presents a blockchain-enabled supply chain architecture to ensure the availability of a tamper-proof audit trail. This tamper-proof audit trail helps to make sure that all safety measures are undertaken to minimize the risk of COVID-19 and other bacteria, fungi, and parasites being present in the frozen meat supply chain.
Blockchain-based applications are gaining traction in various application fields, including suppl... more Blockchain-based applications are gaining traction in various application fields, including supply chain management, health care, and finance. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a critical component of these applications since it allows for data collection from the environment. In this work, we integrate the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain and IoT devices to demonstrate access control and establish the root of trust for IoT devices. The Hyperledger Fabric is designed to be secure against unwanted access and use through encryption protocols, access restrictions, and cryptography algorithms. An attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanism was created using Hyperledger Fabric components only to gain access to the IoT device. Single-board computers based on the ARM architecture are becoming increasingly powerful and popular in automation applications. In this study, the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B based on ARM64 architecture is used as the IoT device. Because the ARM64 architecture is not supported by default, we build executable binaries and Docker images for the ARM64 architecture, using the Hyperledger Fabric source code. On an IoT device, we run the fabric node in native mode to evaluate the executable binaries generated for the ARM64 architecture. Through effective chaincode execution and testing, we successfully assess the Hyperledger fabric blockchain implementation and access control mechanism on the ARM64 architecture.
This paper uses a neural network approach transformer of taxi driver behavior to predict the next... more This paper uses a neural network approach transformer of taxi driver behavior to predict the next destination with geographical factors. The problem of predicting the next destination is a well-studied application of human mobility, for reducing traffic congestion and optimizing the electronic dispatching system's performance. According to the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), this kind of task is usually modeled as a multi-class problem. We propose the novel model Deep Wide Spatial-Temporal-Based Transformer Networks (DWSTTNs). In our approach, the encoder and decoder are the transformer's primary units; with the help of Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN), we encode the geographical information based on visited semantic locations. In particular, we trained our model for the exact longitude and latitude coordinates to predict the next destination. The benefit in the real world of this kind of research is to reduce the customer waiting time for a ride and driver waiting time to pick up a customer. Taxi companies can also optimize their management to improve their company's service, while urban transport planner can use this information to better plan the urban traffic. We conducted extensive experiments on two real-word datasets, Porto and Manhattan, and the performance was improved compared to the previous models.
Heterogeneous graph representation learning is to learn effective representations for nodes or (s... more Heterogeneous graph representation learning is to learn effective representations for nodes or (sub)graphs, which preserve node attributes and structural information. However, it is challenging to design a representation learning method for heterogeneous information networks (HINs) due to their diversity. Most of the existing HIN-oriented learning methods define a series of meta-paths. Then, they aggregate the representations learned from different meta-paths in the same hidden space. These methods do not consider semantic differences of different meta-paths, which leads to semantic confusion. And further affects the effectiveness of the learned representation. Given these issues, we introduce a Semantic Aware HIN Representation learning Network (SAHRN), which takes into account the semantics of different meta-paths. We mitigate the problem of semantic confusion by projecting nodes' features into different hidden spaces separately according to different meta-paths. To further expand the scope of aggregation and enrich the aggregated information, we also design various variants of our model by adding layer aggregation. Extensive experiments on three standard HIN datasets show that SAHRN achieves consistent improvements compared to state-of-the-art graph representation learning methods. The experiments and analyses on each component of the model show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The source code is available on https://github.com/pingpingand/SAHRN.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to change the way the world works from home automa... more The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to change the way the world works from home automation to smart cities, from improved healthcare to an efficient management system in supply chains to industry 4.0 revolution. IoT is increasingly becoming an essential part of the homes and industrial automation ; nevertheless, there are still many challenges that need to fix. IoT solutions are costly and complicated, while issues regarding security and privacy must be addressed with a sustainable plan. Support the growing number of connected devices; the IoT is in dire need of a reboot. Blockchain technology might be the answer. Starting as a decentralized financial solution in the form of Bitcoin, Blockchain technology has expanded to diverse areas and Information Technology applications. Blockchain technology and Smart Contracts can address the outstanding security and privacy issues that impede further development of the IoT. Blockchain is a decentralized system with no central governance, facilitates interactions, promotes new and improved transaction models, and allows autonomous coordination of the devices using enhanced encryption techniques. The primary reason for this paper is to showcase the challenges and problems we are facing with the current internet of things solutions and analyze how the use of Blockchain and Smart Contracts can help achieve a new, more robust internet of things system. Finally, we examine some of the many projects using the Internet of Things together with Blockchain and Smart Contracts, to create new solutions that are only possible by integrating these technologies.
Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficie... more Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficiencies in terms of unfair competition and lack of regulations directly affect the quality of human life and increase food safety risks. is work merges Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise-ready blockchain platform with existing conventional infrastructure, to trace a food package from farm to fork using an identity unique for each food package while keeping it uncomplicated. It keeps the records of business transactions that are secured and accessible to stakeholders according to the agreed set of policies and rules without involving any centralized authority. is paper focuses on exploring and building an uncomplicated, low-cost solution to quickly link the existing food industry at different geographical locations in a chain to track and trace the food in the market.
Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficie... more Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficiencies in terms of unfair competition and lack of regulations directly affect the quality of human life and increase food safety risks. is work merges Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise-ready blockchain platform with existing conventional infrastructure, to trace a food package from farm to fork using an identity unique for each food package while keeping it uncomplicated. It keeps the records of business transactions that are secured and accessible to stakeholders according to the agreed set of policies and rules without involving any centralized authority. is paper focuses on exploring and building an uncomplicated, low-cost solution to quickly link the existing food industry at different geographical locations in a chain to track and trace the food in the market.
Application of Blockchain and Internet of Things to Ensure Tamper-Proof Data Availability for Food Safety, 2020
Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficie... more Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficiencies in terms of unfair competition and lack of regulations directly affect the quality of human life and increase food safety risks. is work merges Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise-ready blockchain platform with existing conventional infrastructure, to trace a food package from farm to fork using an identity unique for each food package while keeping it uncomplicated. It keeps the records of business transactions that are secured and accessible to stakeholders according to the agreed set of policies and rules without involving any centralized authority. is paper focuses on exploring and building an uncomplicated, low-cost solution to quickly link the existing food industry at different geographical locations in a chain to track and trace the food in the market.
Food is a daily requirement for everyone, while production patterns are seasonal. Producing suffi... more Food is a daily requirement for everyone, while production patterns are seasonal. Producing sufficient nutrients is becoming more difficult because water and soil resources are already stressed and are becoming increasingly strained by climate change. Improving food security requires expertise in various areas, including sophisticated climate models, genetics research, market and household behaviour modelling, political shock modelling, and comprehensive environmental research. Additionally, governments stockpile grains to enhance national food security. These reserves should engage in markets only according to clear and transparent regulations and within defined price ranges to facilitate market functioning. It increases the demand for better technology in public administration to boost the management and distribution capacity while concentrating on improved controls and transparent governance systems. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising technology to enhance visibility, transparency, and data integrity with an immutable distributed ledger to increase trust in the parties’ business transactions. This paper discusses blockchain technology and its potential role in strategic grain reserve management.
The world is facing an unprecedented socio-economic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus infect... more The world is facing an unprecedented socio-economic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The virus is also spreading through the import and export food supply chains. The Chinese authorities have discovered the COVID-19 virus in various imported frozen meat packages. Traceability plays a vital role in food quality and food safety. The Internet of Things (IoT) provides solutions to overseeing environmental conditions, product quality, and product traceability. These solutions are traditionally based on a centralized architecture, which does not guarantee tamper-proof data sharing. The blockchain is an emerging technology that provides tamper-proof data sharing in real-time. This article presents a blockchain-enabled supply chain architecture to ensure the availability of a tamper-proof audit trail. This tamper-proof audit trail helps to make sure that all safety measures are undertaken to minimize the risk of COVID-19 and other bacteria, fungi, and parasites being present in the frozen meat supply chain.
Blockchain-based applications are gaining traction in various application fields, including suppl... more Blockchain-based applications are gaining traction in various application fields, including supply chain management, health care, and finance. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a critical component of these applications since it allows for data collection from the environment. In this work, we integrate the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain and IoT devices to demonstrate access control and establish the root of trust for IoT devices. The Hyperledger Fabric is designed to be secure against unwanted access and use through encryption protocols, access restrictions, and cryptography algorithms. An attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanism was created using Hyperledger Fabric components only to gain access to the IoT device. Single-board computers based on the ARM architecture are becoming increasingly powerful and popular in automation applications. In this study, the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B based on ARM64 architecture is used as the IoT device. Because the ARM64 architecture is not supported by default, we build executable binaries and Docker images for the ARM64 architecture, using the Hyperledger Fabric source code. On an IoT device, we run the fabric node in native mode to evaluate the executable binaries generated for the ARM64 architecture. Through effective chaincode execution and testing, we successfully assess the Hyperledger fabric blockchain implementation and access control mechanism on the ARM64 architecture.
This paper uses a neural network approach transformer of taxi driver behavior to predict the next... more This paper uses a neural network approach transformer of taxi driver behavior to predict the next destination with geographical factors. The problem of predicting the next destination is a well-studied application of human mobility, for reducing traffic congestion and optimizing the electronic dispatching system's performance. According to the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), this kind of task is usually modeled as a multi-class problem. We propose the novel model Deep Wide Spatial-Temporal-Based Transformer Networks (DWSTTNs). In our approach, the encoder and decoder are the transformer's primary units; with the help of Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN), we encode the geographical information based on visited semantic locations. In particular, we trained our model for the exact longitude and latitude coordinates to predict the next destination. The benefit in the real world of this kind of research is to reduce the customer waiting time for a ride and driver waiting time to pick up a customer. Taxi companies can also optimize their management to improve their company's service, while urban transport planner can use this information to better plan the urban traffic. We conducted extensive experiments on two real-word datasets, Porto and Manhattan, and the performance was improved compared to the previous models.
Heterogeneous graph representation learning is to learn effective representations for nodes or (s... more Heterogeneous graph representation learning is to learn effective representations for nodes or (sub)graphs, which preserve node attributes and structural information. However, it is challenging to design a representation learning method for heterogeneous information networks (HINs) due to their diversity. Most of the existing HIN-oriented learning methods define a series of meta-paths. Then, they aggregate the representations learned from different meta-paths in the same hidden space. These methods do not consider semantic differences of different meta-paths, which leads to semantic confusion. And further affects the effectiveness of the learned representation. Given these issues, we introduce a Semantic Aware HIN Representation learning Network (SAHRN), which takes into account the semantics of different meta-paths. We mitigate the problem of semantic confusion by projecting nodes' features into different hidden spaces separately according to different meta-paths. To further expand the scope of aggregation and enrich the aggregated information, we also design various variants of our model by adding layer aggregation. Extensive experiments on three standard HIN datasets show that SAHRN achieves consistent improvements compared to state-of-the-art graph representation learning methods. The experiments and analyses on each component of the model show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The source code is available on https://github.com/pingpingand/SAHRN.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to change the way the world works from home automa... more The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to change the way the world works from home automation to smart cities, from improved healthcare to an efficient management system in supply chains to industry 4.0 revolution. IoT is increasingly becoming an essential part of the homes and industrial automation ; nevertheless, there are still many challenges that need to fix. IoT solutions are costly and complicated, while issues regarding security and privacy must be addressed with a sustainable plan. Support the growing number of connected devices; the IoT is in dire need of a reboot. Blockchain technology might be the answer. Starting as a decentralized financial solution in the form of Bitcoin, Blockchain technology has expanded to diverse areas and Information Technology applications. Blockchain technology and Smart Contracts can address the outstanding security and privacy issues that impede further development of the IoT. Blockchain is a decentralized system with no central governance, facilitates interactions, promotes new and improved transaction models, and allows autonomous coordination of the devices using enhanced encryption techniques. The primary reason for this paper is to showcase the challenges and problems we are facing with the current internet of things solutions and analyze how the use of Blockchain and Smart Contracts can help achieve a new, more robust internet of things system. Finally, we examine some of the many projects using the Internet of Things together with Blockchain and Smart Contracts, to create new solutions that are only possible by integrating these technologies.
Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficie... more Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficiencies in terms of unfair competition and lack of regulations directly affect the quality of human life and increase food safety risks. is work merges Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise-ready blockchain platform with existing conventional infrastructure, to trace a food package from farm to fork using an identity unique for each food package while keeping it uncomplicated. It keeps the records of business transactions that are secured and accessible to stakeholders according to the agreed set of policies and rules without involving any centralized authority. is paper focuses on exploring and building an uncomplicated, low-cost solution to quickly link the existing food industry at different geographical locations in a chain to track and trace the food in the market.
Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficie... more Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficiencies in terms of unfair competition and lack of regulations directly affect the quality of human life and increase food safety risks. is work merges Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise-ready blockchain platform with existing conventional infrastructure, to trace a food package from farm to fork using an identity unique for each food package while keeping it uncomplicated. It keeps the records of business transactions that are secured and accessible to stakeholders according to the agreed set of policies and rules without involving any centralized authority. is paper focuses on exploring and building an uncomplicated, low-cost solution to quickly link the existing food industry at different geographical locations in a chain to track and trace the food in the market.
Application of Blockchain and Internet of Things to Ensure Tamper-Proof Data Availability for Food Safety, 2020
Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficie... more Food supply chain plays a vital role in human health and food prices. Food supply chain inefficiencies in terms of unfair competition and lack of regulations directly affect the quality of human life and increase food safety risks. is work merges Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise-ready blockchain platform with existing conventional infrastructure, to trace a food package from farm to fork using an identity unique for each food package while keeping it uncomplicated. It keeps the records of business transactions that are secured and accessible to stakeholders according to the agreed set of policies and rules without involving any centralized authority. is paper focuses on exploring and building an uncomplicated, low-cost solution to quickly link the existing food industry at different geographical locations in a chain to track and trace the food in the market.
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Papers by Adnan Iftekhar
expertise in various areas, including sophisticated climate models, genetics research, market and household behaviour modelling, political shock modelling, and comprehensive environmental research. Additionally, governments stockpile grains to enhance national food security. These reserves should engage in markets only according to clear and transparent regulations and within defined
price ranges to facilitate market functioning. It increases the demand for better technology in public administration to boost the management and distribution capacity while concentrating on improved
controls and transparent governance systems. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising technology to enhance visibility, transparency, and data integrity with an immutable distributed ledger
to increase trust in the parties’ business transactions. This paper discusses blockchain technology and its potential role in strategic grain reserve management.
These solutions are traditionally based on a centralized architecture, which does not guarantee tamper-proof data sharing. The blockchain is an emerging technology that provides tamper-proof data sharing in real-time. This article presents a blockchain-enabled supply chain architecture to ensure the availability of a tamper-proof audit trail. This tamper-proof audit trail helps to make sure that all safety measures are undertaken to minimize the risk of COVID-19 and other bacteria, fungi,
and parasites being present in the frozen meat supply chain.
work, we integrate the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain and IoT devices to demonstrate access control and establish the root of trust for IoT devices. The Hyperledger Fabric is designed to be secure
against unwanted access and use through encryption protocols, access restrictions, and cryptography algorithms. An attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanism was created using Hyperledger
Fabric components only to gain access to the IoT device. Single-board computers based on the ARM architecture are becoming increasingly powerful and popular in automation applications. In this
study, the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B based on ARM64 architecture is used as the IoT device. Because the ARM64 architecture is not supported by default, we build executable binaries and Docker images
for the ARM64 architecture, using the Hyperledger Fabric source code. On an IoT device, we run the fabric node in native mode to evaluate the executable binaries generated for the ARM64 architecture.
Through effective chaincode execution and testing, we successfully assess the Hyperledger fabric blockchain implementation and access control mechanism on the ARM64 architecture.
expertise in various areas, including sophisticated climate models, genetics research, market and household behaviour modelling, political shock modelling, and comprehensive environmental research. Additionally, governments stockpile grains to enhance national food security. These reserves should engage in markets only according to clear and transparent regulations and within defined
price ranges to facilitate market functioning. It increases the demand for better technology in public administration to boost the management and distribution capacity while concentrating on improved
controls and transparent governance systems. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising technology to enhance visibility, transparency, and data integrity with an immutable distributed ledger
to increase trust in the parties’ business transactions. This paper discusses blockchain technology and its potential role in strategic grain reserve management.
These solutions are traditionally based on a centralized architecture, which does not guarantee tamper-proof data sharing. The blockchain is an emerging technology that provides tamper-proof data sharing in real-time. This article presents a blockchain-enabled supply chain architecture to ensure the availability of a tamper-proof audit trail. This tamper-proof audit trail helps to make sure that all safety measures are undertaken to minimize the risk of COVID-19 and other bacteria, fungi,
and parasites being present in the frozen meat supply chain.
work, we integrate the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain and IoT devices to demonstrate access control and establish the root of trust for IoT devices. The Hyperledger Fabric is designed to be secure
against unwanted access and use through encryption protocols, access restrictions, and cryptography algorithms. An attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanism was created using Hyperledger
Fabric components only to gain access to the IoT device. Single-board computers based on the ARM architecture are becoming increasingly powerful and popular in automation applications. In this
study, the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B based on ARM64 architecture is used as the IoT device. Because the ARM64 architecture is not supported by default, we build executable binaries and Docker images
for the ARM64 architecture, using the Hyperledger Fabric source code. On an IoT device, we run the fabric node in native mode to evaluate the executable binaries generated for the ARM64 architecture.
Through effective chaincode execution and testing, we successfully assess the Hyperledger fabric blockchain implementation and access control mechanism on the ARM64 architecture.