Papers by Dr. Lalith Edirisinghe
Shipping Container Imbalance causes a substantial additional cost to carriers. However there is n... more Shipping Container Imbalance causes a substantial additional cost to carriers. However there is no commonly accepted standard system in the industry to minimize the idle time of empty containers at storage resulting
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Shipping Container Imbalance causes a substantial additional
cost to carriers. However there is n... more Shipping Container Imbalance causes a substantial additional
cost to carriers. However there is no commonly accepted standard
system in the industry to minimize the idle time of empty containers at
storage resulting substantial cost and breakdown of container supply
chain. Container imbalance represents a substantial cost amounting to
twenty two percent in the overall cost structure of containers. The only
mechanism that carriers practice is the repositioning of empty
container from the idle location to other locations where they are in
demand in most effective and efficient method. Therefore, majority of
literature pertaining to container management relate to empty container
repositioning. The maximum ‘utilisation’ can be achieved if containers
are on consistent move with freighted cargo. However, containers
remain for about half the time of their lifetime being idle as they are
either being maintained, repaired or in storage. Therefore, core issue
prevails in the industry is to find the best method to optimize the
utilization of containers. This paper introduces a novel concept
namely, Virtual Container Pool (VCP) that propose carriers to
exchange containers between carriers.
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he paradigm of interconnectedness continues to hold command in today’s
global community. However,... more he paradigm of interconnectedness continues to hold command in today’s
global community. However, countries face many challenges in making
it happen competitively given inherent geographic factors as well as resource
constraints internally. Therefore, innovations in transport, logistics, supply chain
management, and communication play a major role. Interestingly, the challenges
provide opportunities for innovation if it received in a positive attitude. This
however, may work well only with a highly competent workforce. Accordingly,
the knowledge and skills in transportation planning, logistics management, sea,
land, and air transport, ports, and airports development becomes significant. Regional
corporation can therefore attract a brighter future for the world not only
through effective utilization of tangible resources but also the learning curve advantage.
In this context, the theme “Innovations, Challenges, and opportunities
to develop regional Cooperation for Maritime Logistics” makes sense. However,
it is beneficial to understand the key words prior to discussion further.
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Inland Container transportation is coordinated and interacted between port terminals, Container F... more Inland Container transportation is coordinated and interacted between port terminals, Container Freight Stations, exporters, consignees, clearing agents, freight forwarders and primarily container transport companies. The key objectives of the study were to reveal the perception of container transportation industrialists with respect to road Congestion problems in Sri Lanka; and propose recommendations to improve the intermodal freight transportation.Therefore the factors that make an impact on road congestion namely, Road; Timing; Human; Vehicle; and Weather were examined. It was revealed from the study that the congestion experienced by trucking companies is considerable thus congestion mitigation measures are needed especially in the urban areas. Better coordinating of traffic Signals and implementing effective system to attend emergency crews in clearing accidents should be implemented. Visibility in the system with respect to customs and other border management agencies in order to install electronic clearance stations at international border crossings would be essential. Further research on dedicating a single lane to truck traffic, having truck-only lanes on some surface streets; truck-only streets for access to ports, rail terminals, and airports; Eliminating some on-street parking during certain periods would be necessary prior implementation.
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– Shipping is a derived demand of international trade in economic terms. Therefore, while there a... more – Shipping is a derived demand of international trade in economic terms. Therefore, while there are many emphases on developing Sri Lanka as a shipping hub it is imperative to examine the real situation that prevails in the country with respect to the international trading. It is also the important to analyse other contributory factors due to the country's strategic geographic location. The study employed both primary data and secondary sources. Depth interviews have been conducted with fifteen senior officers of Trade Associations such as Sri
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— This paper focuses on the determinants that affects, when introducing prepaid and postpaid Elec... more — This paper focuses on the determinants that affects, when introducing prepaid and postpaid Electronic Toll Collection systems to Sri Lankan expressways. Purpose of this research is to identify the user preference between prepaid and postpaid Electronic Toll Collection methods and to identify the determinants that affect such a choice. The study is focusing on analyzing the new implementation of Electronic Toll Collection in Sri Lanka, hence the drawbacks of the current cash based tolling system is identified. At the moment cash is the only available option for the expressway users. With the rapid growth of the traffic density, even the expressways are eventually getting congested especially near the toll gates. As a result, Sri Lankan government is on the process of introducing electronic payment mechanisms in very near future but only one prepaid payment option been considered under their new implementation plans where the users do not have a liberty to make a choice, which is of little benefit. Therefore to check the user preference on electronic toll collection methods, five widely implemented methods been considered which were subsequently divided into two, prepaid and postpaid. Based on the literature, a structured questionnaire survey and interviews were carried out in order to collect primary data. 230 responds were able to collect within the months of November and December 2014 which were used to test the significance of the identified variables using Person's chi squared statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. Secondary data has been collected using literature and previously published reports from RDA, National Transport Commission, Ministry of Transport and The Central Bank. Based on the results it was concluded that only the convenience and vehicle category have a significant association with the dependent variable of Prepaid or postpaid ETC method while combined effect of convenience and vehicle category too have a significant relationship to the dependent variable.
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IntroductionThe paper proposes that the container exchange mechanism is an effective solution to ... more IntroductionThe paper proposes that the container exchange mechanism is an effective solution to the container inventory imbalance problem. Drewry Shipping Consultants state that about 20% of total container flows at sea around the world are empty, and the costs of repositioning are about USD 400 per container [3]. There is a tremendous pressure on reducing logistics cost and carbon footprint. The fundamental reason for Container Inventory Imbalance (CII) is the external trade imbalance of countries. A major challenge revolves around repositioning of empty reusable containers [6]. It is noted that the exchange mechanism works well with respect to the shipping space (slots) that has proved immense benefits to carriers as well as to the industry in general. However, the carriers believe that there is no opportunity for container exchange as the intrinsic trade imbalance is commonly applicable to all carriers. The industry has not made any attempt to evaluate the benefits of container exchange due to this myopic view.
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Identifying the correct HS code has been perceived as a kind of
tacit skill of some specifics in ... more Identifying the correct HS code has been perceived as a kind of
tacit skill of some specifics in the past. With the implementation
of ENS-Entry Summary System (or AMS- Advanced Manifest
Submission to Customs authorities) it became a buzz word
in the industry because even the customer service personnel
are now compelled to familiar with HS codes at least for commodities
that are commonly transported. Therefore, in addition
to those who are directly involved in commercial trading shipping
lines also need to be very cautious about the accuracy of
the HS (Harmonized System) Codes that are declared by the
respective exporters. Accordingly, more awareness of the real
mechanism of the HS coding system is essential by the professionals
to with respect to the broader perspectives of facilitating
a free world trade.
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Introduction The paradigm of interconnectedness continues to hold command in today's global commu... more Introduction The paradigm of interconnectedness continues to hold command in today's global community. However, countries face many challenges in making it happen competitively given inherent geographic factors as well as resource constraints internally. Therefore, innovations in transport, logistics, supply chain management, and communication play a major role. Interestingly, the challenges provide opportunities for innovation if it received in a positive attitude. This however, may work well only with a highly competent workforce. Accordingly, the knowledge and skills in transportation planning, logistics management, sea, land, and air transport, ports, and airports development becomes significant. Regional corporation can therefore attract a brighter future for the world not only through effective utilization of tangible resources but also the learning curve advantage. In this context, the theme " Innovations, Challenges, and opportunities to develop regional Cooperation for Maritime Logistics " makes sense. However, it is beneficial to understand the key words prior to discussion further.
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Efficient and effective management of empty containers and empty container repositioning is an im... more Efficient and effective management of empty containers and empty container repositioning is an important issue in the liner shipping industry. Many alliance agreements of carriers have provisions to interchange containers but not practiced in real life scenario. It is hard to find any previous literature on container exchange except the technical details of alliance agreements. The researchers reiterate the conditions provided in carriers' alliance agreements to interchange containers and in principle recommend container interchange as an efficient and effective container inventory management mechanism. Accordingly, the research attempts to find the factors that influence container interchange between carriers. The research was conducted in Sri Lanka. Researchers believe that the sample is adequate because 16 container carriers in the world top 20 list presently call port of Colombo in Sri Lanka. A series of interviews followed by a questionnaire survey have been carried out and data were analysed mainly using Chi-Square Tests. This would lead to understand the critical factors that influence container exchange and thereby develop efficient, sustainable and effective mechanism for container inventory management through container interchange. The study concluded that five factors namely, operational, legal, branding, benefits, and feasibility may influence the container interchange by carriers. There were two limitations noted in the research; the reluctance to provide information pertaining to container inventory by carriers; and the common dislike of carriers to participate in surveys due to their busy work schedules. These findings would help practitioners to expedite the process of developing a user-friendly container interchange system. In addition, this research will fill the serious gap in the present literature on container exchange and provide an incentive to further research on this topic. The container imbalance is a global issue and finding an efficient and effective solution is vital.
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Conference Presentations by Dr. Lalith Edirisinghe
— The effectiveness and efficiency of container shipping service predominantly depends on the car... more — The effectiveness and efficiency of container shipping service predominantly depends on the carriers' ability to identify, satisfy and anticipate exporters' demand for containers profitably, better than the competitors in a social responsible manner. The 'Container Interchange Matrix' (6 R model) would provide an effective guidance to carriers in the container inventory management decision making process. Carriers can simulate their individual cases using this model and administer the container exchange mechanism thus strike the right balance between the exporters' demand and the carriers' ability to supply.
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Papers by Dr. Lalith Edirisinghe
cost to carriers. However there is no commonly accepted standard
system in the industry to minimize the idle time of empty containers at
storage resulting substantial cost and breakdown of container supply
chain. Container imbalance represents a substantial cost amounting to
twenty two percent in the overall cost structure of containers. The only
mechanism that carriers practice is the repositioning of empty
container from the idle location to other locations where they are in
demand in most effective and efficient method. Therefore, majority of
literature pertaining to container management relate to empty container
repositioning. The maximum ‘utilisation’ can be achieved if containers
are on consistent move with freighted cargo. However, containers
remain for about half the time of their lifetime being idle as they are
either being maintained, repaired or in storage. Therefore, core issue
prevails in the industry is to find the best method to optimize the
utilization of containers. This paper introduces a novel concept
namely, Virtual Container Pool (VCP) that propose carriers to
exchange containers between carriers.
global community. However, countries face many challenges in making
it happen competitively given inherent geographic factors as well as resource
constraints internally. Therefore, innovations in transport, logistics, supply chain
management, and communication play a major role. Interestingly, the challenges
provide opportunities for innovation if it received in a positive attitude. This
however, may work well only with a highly competent workforce. Accordingly,
the knowledge and skills in transportation planning, logistics management, sea,
land, and air transport, ports, and airports development becomes significant. Regional
corporation can therefore attract a brighter future for the world not only
through effective utilization of tangible resources but also the learning curve advantage.
In this context, the theme “Innovations, Challenges, and opportunities
to develop regional Cooperation for Maritime Logistics” makes sense. However,
it is beneficial to understand the key words prior to discussion further.
tacit skill of some specifics in the past. With the implementation
of ENS-Entry Summary System (or AMS- Advanced Manifest
Submission to Customs authorities) it became a buzz word
in the industry because even the customer service personnel
are now compelled to familiar with HS codes at least for commodities
that are commonly transported. Therefore, in addition
to those who are directly involved in commercial trading shipping
lines also need to be very cautious about the accuracy of
the HS (Harmonized System) Codes that are declared by the
respective exporters. Accordingly, more awareness of the real
mechanism of the HS coding system is essential by the professionals
to with respect to the broader perspectives of facilitating
a free world trade.
Conference Presentations by Dr. Lalith Edirisinghe
cost to carriers. However there is no commonly accepted standard
system in the industry to minimize the idle time of empty containers at
storage resulting substantial cost and breakdown of container supply
chain. Container imbalance represents a substantial cost amounting to
twenty two percent in the overall cost structure of containers. The only
mechanism that carriers practice is the repositioning of empty
container from the idle location to other locations where they are in
demand in most effective and efficient method. Therefore, majority of
literature pertaining to container management relate to empty container
repositioning. The maximum ‘utilisation’ can be achieved if containers
are on consistent move with freighted cargo. However, containers
remain for about half the time of their lifetime being idle as they are
either being maintained, repaired or in storage. Therefore, core issue
prevails in the industry is to find the best method to optimize the
utilization of containers. This paper introduces a novel concept
namely, Virtual Container Pool (VCP) that propose carriers to
exchange containers between carriers.
global community. However, countries face many challenges in making
it happen competitively given inherent geographic factors as well as resource
constraints internally. Therefore, innovations in transport, logistics, supply chain
management, and communication play a major role. Interestingly, the challenges
provide opportunities for innovation if it received in a positive attitude. This
however, may work well only with a highly competent workforce. Accordingly,
the knowledge and skills in transportation planning, logistics management, sea,
land, and air transport, ports, and airports development becomes significant. Regional
corporation can therefore attract a brighter future for the world not only
through effective utilization of tangible resources but also the learning curve advantage.
In this context, the theme “Innovations, Challenges, and opportunities
to develop regional Cooperation for Maritime Logistics” makes sense. However,
it is beneficial to understand the key words prior to discussion further.
tacit skill of some specifics in the past. With the implementation
of ENS-Entry Summary System (or AMS- Advanced Manifest
Submission to Customs authorities) it became a buzz word
in the industry because even the customer service personnel
are now compelled to familiar with HS codes at least for commodities
that are commonly transported. Therefore, in addition
to those who are directly involved in commercial trading shipping
lines also need to be very cautious about the accuracy of
the HS (Harmonized System) Codes that are declared by the
respective exporters. Accordingly, more awareness of the real
mechanism of the HS coding system is essential by the professionals
to with respect to the broader perspectives of facilitating
a free world trade.