IntroductionThis study provides long‐term evidence that profiles of temperament during adolescenc... more IntroductionThis study provides long‐term evidence that profiles of temperament during adolescence are associated with happiness and health over two decades later.MethodsData are based on the ongoing Fullerton Longitudinal Study, a community‐based sample in the United States. At 14 and 16 years, adolescents (N = 111; 52% male, 90% Euro‐American) and their mothers (N = 105) completed the Dimensions of Temperament Survey‐Revised, a scale designed specifically to assess adolescents' temperament across a set of attributes. When adolescents reached age 38 years in 2017, they completed scales measuring comprehensive happiness and global health.ResultsLatent profile analysis (LPA), a person‐centered approach, was conducted for adolescents' and for mothers' temperament ratings separately. Distinct two‐profile solutions, labeled more regulated and less regulated, emerged for each informant. These were comparable in features across informants. Only the adolescents' self‐rated profiles, controlling for sex and family SES, revealed a conceptually meaningful and statistically significant relation to the distal outcomes of health and happiness two decades later.ConclusionsAdolescents with temperament profiles characterized as more regulated, in contrast to less regulated, reported being happier and healthier upon entering middle adulthood. Implications for intervention are presented.
There is increasing interest in the early roots and influencing factors of leadership potential f... more There is increasing interest in the early roots and influencing factors of leadership potential from a life span development perspective. This conceptual and empirical work extends traditional approaches focusing on adults in organizational settings. From the perspective of early influences on leader development, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of overparenting on adolescent leader emergence, influencing mechanisms, and sex differences. Students (N = 1,255) from 55 classrooms in 13 junior high schools participated, with additional responses from their parents, peers, and teachers. The results indicated that overparenting is negatively related to adolescent leader emergence as indicated by parent ratings, teacher ratings, and peer nominations in addition to leader role occupancy. The negative effects of overparenting on leader emergence (perceived and actual) were serially mediated by self-esteem and leader self-efficacy. In addition, sex difference analysis revealed that male adolescents received more overparenting and showed less leader emergence (perceived and actual) than female adolescents. Female adolescents' self-esteem was more likely to be negatively related to overparenting, and female adolescents' leader emergence (perceived and actual) was more strongly related to their leader self-efficacy when compared with male adolescents. Implications for life span leader development theory, for youth and adult leadership development practices, and for parenting practices on future generations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The past two decades have seen a growing interest in college courses on leadership in a variety o... more The past two decades have seen a growing interest in college courses on leadership in a variety of academic disciplines. The study of leadership has a long history, much of it based on psychology. As a result, psychologists are well informed and quite capable of teaching leadership courses. In this article, I discuss core theories of leadership, make connections to specific areas of psychology, and review current and future trends in leadership research. I also discuss the value that a course on leadership has for undergraduates, as well as specific suggestions for enhancing a psychologist’s ability to teach leadership courses.
Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies
While research on leadership has acknowledged the joint efforts of leaders and followers, advance... more While research on leadership has acknowledged the joint efforts of leaders and followers, advancements in conceptualizing the outcomes of such joint efforts have stagnated. Integrating leadership theory and research with multilevel theories on emergent states, we develop and propose a new framework of shared leader-follower outcomes (SLFOs). We reconceptualize SLFOs as four emergent states (presence, synergy, professionalism and chemistry) that are proximal outcomes in teams. Each SLFO is an early indicator of corresponding key traditional outcomes (absenteeism, productivity, quality and satisfaction) that focus on the leader, followers, or the team as a whole. We also discuss the dynamics of emergence of SLFOs from the dyadic leader-follower level to the team level through composition (i.e. convergent) and compilation (i.e., divergent) processes. Our framework extends leadership theories by accounting for emergent states as shared leader-follower outcomes that temporally unfold ove...
Managerial interpersonal skills (MIPS) are more crucial than ever for today’s workforce. Yet, wit... more Managerial interpersonal skills (MIPS) are more crucial than ever for today’s workforce. Yet, with over 400 such skills identified by researchers, the field lacks a clear-cut framework for organizi...
IntroductionThis study provides long‐term evidence that profiles of temperament during adolescenc... more IntroductionThis study provides long‐term evidence that profiles of temperament during adolescence are associated with happiness and health over two decades later.MethodsData are based on the ongoing Fullerton Longitudinal Study, a community‐based sample in the United States. At 14 and 16 years, adolescents (N = 111; 52% male, 90% Euro‐American) and their mothers (N = 105) completed the Dimensions of Temperament Survey‐Revised, a scale designed specifically to assess adolescents' temperament across a set of attributes. When adolescents reached age 38 years in 2017, they completed scales measuring comprehensive happiness and global health.ResultsLatent profile analysis (LPA), a person‐centered approach, was conducted for adolescents' and for mothers' temperament ratings separately. Distinct two‐profile solutions, labeled more regulated and less regulated, emerged for each informant. These were comparable in features across informants. Only the adolescents' self‐rated profiles, controlling for sex and family SES, revealed a conceptually meaningful and statistically significant relation to the distal outcomes of health and happiness two decades later.ConclusionsAdolescents with temperament profiles characterized as more regulated, in contrast to less regulated, reported being happier and healthier upon entering middle adulthood. Implications for intervention are presented.
There is increasing interest in the early roots and influencing factors of leadership potential f... more There is increasing interest in the early roots and influencing factors of leadership potential from a life span development perspective. This conceptual and empirical work extends traditional approaches focusing on adults in organizational settings. From the perspective of early influences on leader development, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of overparenting on adolescent leader emergence, influencing mechanisms, and sex differences. Students (N = 1,255) from 55 classrooms in 13 junior high schools participated, with additional responses from their parents, peers, and teachers. The results indicated that overparenting is negatively related to adolescent leader emergence as indicated by parent ratings, teacher ratings, and peer nominations in addition to leader role occupancy. The negative effects of overparenting on leader emergence (perceived and actual) were serially mediated by self-esteem and leader self-efficacy. In addition, sex difference analysis revealed that male adolescents received more overparenting and showed less leader emergence (perceived and actual) than female adolescents. Female adolescents' self-esteem was more likely to be negatively related to overparenting, and female adolescents' leader emergence (perceived and actual) was more strongly related to their leader self-efficacy when compared with male adolescents. Implications for life span leader development theory, for youth and adult leadership development practices, and for parenting practices on future generations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The past two decades have seen a growing interest in college courses on leadership in a variety o... more The past two decades have seen a growing interest in college courses on leadership in a variety of academic disciplines. The study of leadership has a long history, much of it based on psychology. As a result, psychologists are well informed and quite capable of teaching leadership courses. In this article, I discuss core theories of leadership, make connections to specific areas of psychology, and review current and future trends in leadership research. I also discuss the value that a course on leadership has for undergraduates, as well as specific suggestions for enhancing a psychologist’s ability to teach leadership courses.
Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies
While research on leadership has acknowledged the joint efforts of leaders and followers, advance... more While research on leadership has acknowledged the joint efforts of leaders and followers, advancements in conceptualizing the outcomes of such joint efforts have stagnated. Integrating leadership theory and research with multilevel theories on emergent states, we develop and propose a new framework of shared leader-follower outcomes (SLFOs). We reconceptualize SLFOs as four emergent states (presence, synergy, professionalism and chemistry) that are proximal outcomes in teams. Each SLFO is an early indicator of corresponding key traditional outcomes (absenteeism, productivity, quality and satisfaction) that focus on the leader, followers, or the team as a whole. We also discuss the dynamics of emergence of SLFOs from the dyadic leader-follower level to the team level through composition (i.e. convergent) and compilation (i.e., divergent) processes. Our framework extends leadership theories by accounting for emergent states as shared leader-follower outcomes that temporally unfold ove...
Managerial interpersonal skills (MIPS) are more crucial than ever for today’s workforce. Yet, wit... more Managerial interpersonal skills (MIPS) are more crucial than ever for today’s workforce. Yet, with over 400 such skills identified by researchers, the field lacks a clear-cut framework for organizi...
Budner's (1962) tolerance for ambiguity scale is a well-known and widely used measure of ambiguit... more Budner's (1962) tolerance for ambiguity scale is a well-known and widely used measure of ambiguity tolerance. Its reliability and factor structure were examined in the present study. Four hundred thirty-six undergraduate students completed Budner's scale as part of a student assessment center program. The results of two confirmatory factor analyses failed to substantiate the plausibility of Budner's proposed single-factor model of tolerance for ambiguity, or the four-factor model reported in Furnham (1994). In addition, the Budner scale was shown to have low internal reliability (a = .44) in this sample. The low reliability estimates for this measure, coupled with the apparent lack of a replicable factor structure, suggest that the Budner scale (at least in its present form) is a poor measure of tolerance for ambiguity.
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Papers by Ronald Riggio