Revista Cubana De Investigaciones Biomedicas, Dec 1, 2006
... versión impresa ISSN 0864-0300. Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd v.25 n.4 Ciudad de la Habana sep.-di... more ... versión impresa ISSN 0864-0300. Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd v.25 n.4 Ciudad de la Habana sep.-dic. 2006. ... Dra Susana Chao González, Dr. Pedro Valdés Sosa, Dr. Eduardo Aubert y Dra. Lídice Galán. Resumen. ... p.840-66. 9. Taveras JM, Wood EH. Calcificación intracerebral. ...
The statistical problem addressed in this paper to approximate the P-value of the maximum of a sm... more The statistical problem addressed in this paper to approximate the P-value of the maximum of a smooth random field of Wilks's ⁄ statistics. So far results are only available for the usual univariate statistics (Z, t, ´2, F) and a few multivariate statistics (Hotelling's T2, maximum canonical correlation, Roy's maximum root). We derive results for any dierentiable scalar function of
In recent years, procedures that allow the identification and visualization of electroencephalogr... more In recent years, procedures that allow the identification and visualization of electroencephalographic (EEG) sources, within the brain, have been described in the chapter. It has also been shown that, previous to the stimuli, power and current values at specific EEG frequencies are necessary to perform correctly in three different tasks. These specific frequencies are required at those cortical areas that are directly related to the task: (1) prefrontal areas in a verbal working memory (WM) task, (2) posterior temporal and right parietal areas in a color discrimination task, and (3) Broca's area in a word categorization task. These observations have led to the conclusion that specific EEG frequencies play a particular role in neural processing, supporting another conclusion that oscillations in neural networks may be not simply a by-product of the activity of the neuronal networks, but may have a functional significance in the brain functioning. This chapter explains the task related EEG changes produced during a verbal WM task in young adults. A sample of school-age children performing the same task has also been studied. It is well known that at rest the EEG frequency content of children is different from adults. In children, EEG changes during task performance have been rarely reported.
This study was a two-armed parallel group design aimed at testing real world effectiveness of a m... more This study was a two-armed parallel group design aimed at testing real world effectiveness of a music therapy (MT) intervention for children with severe neurological disorders. The control group received only the standard neurorestoration program and the experimental group received an additional MT "Auditory Attention plus Communication protocol" just before the usual occupational and speech therapy. Multivariate Item Response Theory (MIRT) identified a neuropsychological status-latent variable manifested in all children and which exhibited highly significant changes only in the experimental group. Changes in brain plasticity also occurred in the experimental group, as evidenced using a Mismatch Event Related paradigm which revealed significant post intervention positive responses in the latency range between 308 and 400 ms in frontal regions. LORETA EEG source analysis identified prefrontal and midcingulate regions as differentially activated by the MT in the experimental group. Taken together, our results showing improved attention and communication as well as changes in brain plasticity in children with severe neurological impairments, confirm the importance of MT for the rehabilitation of patients across a wide range of dysfunctions.
Children with learning disabilities (LD) frequently have an EEG characterized by an excess of the... more Children with learning disabilities (LD) frequently have an EEG characterized by an excess of theta and a deficit of alpha activities. NFB using an auditory stimulus as reinforcer has proven to be a useful tool to treat LD children by positively reinforcing decreases of the theta/alpha ratio. The aim of the present study was to optimize the NFB procedure by comparing the efficacy of visual (with eyes open) versus auditory (with eyes closed) reinforcers. Twenty LD children with an abnormally high theta/alpha ratio were randomly assigned to the Auditory or the Visual group, where a 500 Hz tone or a visual stimulus (a white square), respectively, was used as a positive reinforcer when the value of the theta/alpha ratio was reduced. Both groups had signs consistent with EEG maturation, but only the Auditory Group showed behavioral/cognitive improvements. In conclusion, the auditory reinforcer was more efficacious in reducing the theta/alpha ratio, and it improved the cognitive abilities more than the visual reinforcer.
In normal elderly subjects, the best electroencephalogram (EEG)-based predictor of cognitive impa... more In normal elderly subjects, the best electroencephalogram (EEG)-based predictor of cognitive impairment is theta EEG activity abnormally high for their age. The goal of this work was to explore the effectiveness of a neurofeedback (NFB) protocol in reducing theta EEG activity in normal elderly subjects who present abnormally high theta absolute power (AP). Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group; the experimental group received a reward (tone of 1000 Hz) when the theta AP was reduced, and the control group received a placebo treatment, a random administration of the same tone. The results show that the experimental group exhibits greater improvement in EEG and behavioral measures. However, subjects of the control group also show improved EEG values and in memory, which may be attributed to a placebo effect. However, the effect of the NFB treatment was clear in the EG, although a placebo effect may also have been present.
Revista Cubana De Investigaciones Biomedicas, Dec 1, 2006
... versión impresa ISSN 0864-0300. Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd v.25 n.4 Ciudad de la Habana sep.-di... more ... versión impresa ISSN 0864-0300. Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd v.25 n.4 Ciudad de la Habana sep.-dic. 2006. ... Dra Susana Chao González, Dr. Pedro Valdés Sosa, Dr. Eduardo Aubert y Dra. Lídice Galán. Resumen. ... p.840-66. 9. Taveras JM, Wood EH. Calcificación intracerebral. ...
The statistical problem addressed in this paper to approximate the P-value of the maximum of a sm... more The statistical problem addressed in this paper to approximate the P-value of the maximum of a smooth random field of Wilks's ⁄ statistics. So far results are only available for the usual univariate statistics (Z, t, ´2, F) and a few multivariate statistics (Hotelling's T2, maximum canonical correlation, Roy's maximum root). We derive results for any dierentiable scalar function of
In recent years, procedures that allow the identification and visualization of electroencephalogr... more In recent years, procedures that allow the identification and visualization of electroencephalographic (EEG) sources, within the brain, have been described in the chapter. It has also been shown that, previous to the stimuli, power and current values at specific EEG frequencies are necessary to perform correctly in three different tasks. These specific frequencies are required at those cortical areas that are directly related to the task: (1) prefrontal areas in a verbal working memory (WM) task, (2) posterior temporal and right parietal areas in a color discrimination task, and (3) Broca's area in a word categorization task. These observations have led to the conclusion that specific EEG frequencies play a particular role in neural processing, supporting another conclusion that oscillations in neural networks may be not simply a by-product of the activity of the neuronal networks, but may have a functional significance in the brain functioning. This chapter explains the task related EEG changes produced during a verbal WM task in young adults. A sample of school-age children performing the same task has also been studied. It is well known that at rest the EEG frequency content of children is different from adults. In children, EEG changes during task performance have been rarely reported.
This study was a two-armed parallel group design aimed at testing real world effectiveness of a m... more This study was a two-armed parallel group design aimed at testing real world effectiveness of a music therapy (MT) intervention for children with severe neurological disorders. The control group received only the standard neurorestoration program and the experimental group received an additional MT "Auditory Attention plus Communication protocol" just before the usual occupational and speech therapy. Multivariate Item Response Theory (MIRT) identified a neuropsychological status-latent variable manifested in all children and which exhibited highly significant changes only in the experimental group. Changes in brain plasticity also occurred in the experimental group, as evidenced using a Mismatch Event Related paradigm which revealed significant post intervention positive responses in the latency range between 308 and 400 ms in frontal regions. LORETA EEG source analysis identified prefrontal and midcingulate regions as differentially activated by the MT in the experimental group. Taken together, our results showing improved attention and communication as well as changes in brain plasticity in children with severe neurological impairments, confirm the importance of MT for the rehabilitation of patients across a wide range of dysfunctions.
Children with learning disabilities (LD) frequently have an EEG characterized by an excess of the... more Children with learning disabilities (LD) frequently have an EEG characterized by an excess of theta and a deficit of alpha activities. NFB using an auditory stimulus as reinforcer has proven to be a useful tool to treat LD children by positively reinforcing decreases of the theta/alpha ratio. The aim of the present study was to optimize the NFB procedure by comparing the efficacy of visual (with eyes open) versus auditory (with eyes closed) reinforcers. Twenty LD children with an abnormally high theta/alpha ratio were randomly assigned to the Auditory or the Visual group, where a 500 Hz tone or a visual stimulus (a white square), respectively, was used as a positive reinforcer when the value of the theta/alpha ratio was reduced. Both groups had signs consistent with EEG maturation, but only the Auditory Group showed behavioral/cognitive improvements. In conclusion, the auditory reinforcer was more efficacious in reducing the theta/alpha ratio, and it improved the cognitive abilities more than the visual reinforcer.
In normal elderly subjects, the best electroencephalogram (EEG)-based predictor of cognitive impa... more In normal elderly subjects, the best electroencephalogram (EEG)-based predictor of cognitive impairment is theta EEG activity abnormally high for their age. The goal of this work was to explore the effectiveness of a neurofeedback (NFB) protocol in reducing theta EEG activity in normal elderly subjects who present abnormally high theta absolute power (AP). Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group; the experimental group received a reward (tone of 1000 Hz) when the theta AP was reduced, and the control group received a placebo treatment, a random administration of the same tone. The results show that the experimental group exhibits greater improvement in EEG and behavioral measures. However, subjects of the control group also show improved EEG values and in memory, which may be attributed to a placebo effect. However, the effect of the NFB treatment was clear in the EG, although a placebo effect may also have been present.
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