ABSTRACT All disasters are local with important repercussions for national and sometimes for inte... more ABSTRACT All disasters are local with important repercussions for national and sometimes for international levels. An effective emergency response requires mobilising local government resources in the fight against disasters, including pandemics. Local governments, being closer to people, are well-positioned to identify local vulnerabilities and design appropriate response actions. This paper reviews relevant literature on the role of local government in the fight against pandemics and identifies two important prerequisites in deploying local governments effectively in fighting against pandemics: the existence of an intergovernmental coordination mechanism, and local government capacity. The research methodology includes a content analysis of qualitative and quantitative information through a literature review and available data in the public domain.
Contents: Preface Part I: Introduction Part II: Federal Industrial Countries Part III: New Federa... more Contents: Preface Part I: Introduction Part II: Federal Industrial Countries Part III: New Federal Countries Part IV: Countries in Transition Part V: Developing Countries Part VI: Postconflict Index Contributors include: B. Bayenet, R.M. Bird, B. Brodjonegoro, B. Dafflon, P. de Bruycker, R.D. Ebel, J. Ford, W. Fox, T. Garcia-Mila, S. Gianci, R. Manasan, J. Martinez-Vazquez, T.J. McGuire, M.G. Rao, S. Sehili, N. Singh, P.B. Spahn, F. Vaillancourt, C. Wallich, J. Werner, C. Wong
... Minority Regions and Fiscal Decentralization in China: The Promises and Reality of Asymmetric... more ... Minority Regions and Fiscal Decentralization in China: The Promises and Reality of Asymmetric Treatment 267 Christine Wong PART V ... Subsidiarity and Solidarity: Fiscal Decentralization in the Philippines 363 Christine Wallich, Rosario Manasan and Saloua Sehili PART VI ...
Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local gove... more Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local governments of varying importance. In many of these countries, some of these sub-national governments differ substantially from others in terms of wealth, ethnic, religious, or linguistic composition. This book considers how fiscal arrangements may strengthen or weaken national solidarity and the effectiveness with which public services are provided. In particular, the nation’s ability to cope with changes created by decentralization is explored.
Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local gove... more Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local governments of varying importance. In many of these countries, some of these sub-national governments differ substantially from others in terms of wealth, ethnic, religious, or linguistic composition. This book considers how fiscal arrangements may strengthen or weaken national solidarity and the effectiveness with which public services are provided. In particular, the nation’s ability to cope with changes created by decentralization is explored.
only. Taxation of income on the basis of residence eases the compliance burden of taxpayers and c... more only. Taxation of income on the basis of residence eases the compliance burden of taxpayers and can be especially important in border states. We note that the residence principle is already practiced in seventeen U.S. states. As well, through tax treaties, the U.S. and some countries agree to tax each other's citizens on the basis of residence. As in the apportionment approach, the scheme works best when all stakeholder states participate in the arrangement. However, getting all the states to participate would be difficult. Data show that Hawaii will lose substantial income tax revenues (in excess of $100 million in tax year 2018) if the state joined the arrangement. In the near term, Hawaii would be better off fiscally under the status quo.
1. Of the 75 developing and transition countries with populations greater that 5 million, all but... more 1. Of the 75 developing and transition countries with populations greater that 5 million, all but 12 claim of be embarked on some form of transfer of fiscal power from central to subnational (e.g., local) governments (Dillinger). This is occurring in even in such "inherently " centralized countries as the Kingdoms of Jordan and Morocco and the states that were under the sphere of Soviet influence.
Twenty years ago, current user charges accounted for 17.7% of United States state and local gener... more Twenty years ago, current user charges accounted for 17.7% of United States state and local general revenues from own-sources. That put it well behind the revenue importance of both the sales and gross receipts (24.8%) and property tax (22.5%) categories and (nearly) the same as the sum of the individual and corporate income tax (17.8%). Today, current charges account for 21.1% of state/local own source general revenues—eclipsing the income taxes (18.6%), nearly on par with the property tax (21.2%) and closing in on the sales and gross receipts category (23.6%). Looking ahead, there are four reasons why this trend is likely to continue. The first is the generally recognized need to improve the nation’s physical infrastructure and the recent literature on how to pay for it (e.g., Pagano, 2011, McNichol, 2016; McKinsey, 2017; Geddes, 2017; McBride, 2018; Schanzenbach, Nunn and Nantz, 2017). Second is the “fiscal squeeze” as the relative revenue productivity of the former “big three” (...
Recognizing there are several intergovernmental and institutional caveats to be made before drawi... more Recognizing there are several intergovernmental and institutional caveats to be made before drawing policy conclusions regarding national Tax/GDP ratios one of the lessons from the global tax literature is that the national (central) government Tax/GDP ratio can serve as an performance indicator associated with being a rich country. Arguably, higher (and steadier) Tax/GDP ratios help the rich countries carry out the central government responsibilities for macroeconomic stability, and economic growth and development. These higher ratios may reflect an enhanced capacity to make and administer tax policy and/or an increased taste for public goods and income transfers.
The World Bank’s report on Somalia Economic Update/Special Focus on Intergovernmental Relations c... more The World Bank’s report on Somalia Economic Update/Special Focus on Intergovernmental Relations concludes that although Somalis face a daunting and long term development challenge to overcome two decades of conflict and fragility, with a commitment of a new government, substantial progress is being made to support a potentially vibrant private sector economy, improve human and economic development outcomes, and prioritize the establishment of intergovernmental (central and member government) institutions for effective macro-fiscal management (World Bank, 2015).
ABSTRACT All disasters are local with important repercussions for national and sometimes for inte... more ABSTRACT All disasters are local with important repercussions for national and sometimes for international levels. An effective emergency response requires mobilising local government resources in the fight against disasters, including pandemics. Local governments, being closer to people, are well-positioned to identify local vulnerabilities and design appropriate response actions. This paper reviews relevant literature on the role of local government in the fight against pandemics and identifies two important prerequisites in deploying local governments effectively in fighting against pandemics: the existence of an intergovernmental coordination mechanism, and local government capacity. The research methodology includes a content analysis of qualitative and quantitative information through a literature review and available data in the public domain.
Contents: Preface Part I: Introduction Part II: Federal Industrial Countries Part III: New Federa... more Contents: Preface Part I: Introduction Part II: Federal Industrial Countries Part III: New Federal Countries Part IV: Countries in Transition Part V: Developing Countries Part VI: Postconflict Index Contributors include: B. Bayenet, R.M. Bird, B. Brodjonegoro, B. Dafflon, P. de Bruycker, R.D. Ebel, J. Ford, W. Fox, T. Garcia-Mila, S. Gianci, R. Manasan, J. Martinez-Vazquez, T.J. McGuire, M.G. Rao, S. Sehili, N. Singh, P.B. Spahn, F. Vaillancourt, C. Wallich, J. Werner, C. Wong
... Minority Regions and Fiscal Decentralization in China: The Promises and Reality of Asymmetric... more ... Minority Regions and Fiscal Decentralization in China: The Promises and Reality of Asymmetric Treatment 267 Christine Wong PART V ... Subsidiarity and Solidarity: Fiscal Decentralization in the Philippines 363 Christine Wallich, Rosario Manasan and Saloua Sehili PART VI ...
Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local gove... more Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local governments of varying importance. In many of these countries, some of these sub-national governments differ substantially from others in terms of wealth, ethnic, religious, or linguistic composition. This book considers how fiscal arrangements may strengthen or weaken national solidarity and the effectiveness with which public services are provided. In particular, the nation’s ability to cope with changes created by decentralization is explored.
Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local gove... more Most countries, developed and developing, are fiscally decentralized with regional and local governments of varying importance. In many of these countries, some of these sub-national governments differ substantially from others in terms of wealth, ethnic, religious, or linguistic composition. This book considers how fiscal arrangements may strengthen or weaken national solidarity and the effectiveness with which public services are provided. In particular, the nation’s ability to cope with changes created by decentralization is explored.
only. Taxation of income on the basis of residence eases the compliance burden of taxpayers and c... more only. Taxation of income on the basis of residence eases the compliance burden of taxpayers and can be especially important in border states. We note that the residence principle is already practiced in seventeen U.S. states. As well, through tax treaties, the U.S. and some countries agree to tax each other's citizens on the basis of residence. As in the apportionment approach, the scheme works best when all stakeholder states participate in the arrangement. However, getting all the states to participate would be difficult. Data show that Hawaii will lose substantial income tax revenues (in excess of $100 million in tax year 2018) if the state joined the arrangement. In the near term, Hawaii would be better off fiscally under the status quo.
1. Of the 75 developing and transition countries with populations greater that 5 million, all but... more 1. Of the 75 developing and transition countries with populations greater that 5 million, all but 12 claim of be embarked on some form of transfer of fiscal power from central to subnational (e.g., local) governments (Dillinger). This is occurring in even in such "inherently " centralized countries as the Kingdoms of Jordan and Morocco and the states that were under the sphere of Soviet influence.
Twenty years ago, current user charges accounted for 17.7% of United States state and local gener... more Twenty years ago, current user charges accounted for 17.7% of United States state and local general revenues from own-sources. That put it well behind the revenue importance of both the sales and gross receipts (24.8%) and property tax (22.5%) categories and (nearly) the same as the sum of the individual and corporate income tax (17.8%). Today, current charges account for 21.1% of state/local own source general revenues—eclipsing the income taxes (18.6%), nearly on par with the property tax (21.2%) and closing in on the sales and gross receipts category (23.6%). Looking ahead, there are four reasons why this trend is likely to continue. The first is the generally recognized need to improve the nation’s physical infrastructure and the recent literature on how to pay for it (e.g., Pagano, 2011, McNichol, 2016; McKinsey, 2017; Geddes, 2017; McBride, 2018; Schanzenbach, Nunn and Nantz, 2017). Second is the “fiscal squeeze” as the relative revenue productivity of the former “big three” (...
Recognizing there are several intergovernmental and institutional caveats to be made before drawi... more Recognizing there are several intergovernmental and institutional caveats to be made before drawing policy conclusions regarding national Tax/GDP ratios one of the lessons from the global tax literature is that the national (central) government Tax/GDP ratio can serve as an performance indicator associated with being a rich country. Arguably, higher (and steadier) Tax/GDP ratios help the rich countries carry out the central government responsibilities for macroeconomic stability, and economic growth and development. These higher ratios may reflect an enhanced capacity to make and administer tax policy and/or an increased taste for public goods and income transfers.
The World Bank’s report on Somalia Economic Update/Special Focus on Intergovernmental Relations c... more The World Bank’s report on Somalia Economic Update/Special Focus on Intergovernmental Relations concludes that although Somalis face a daunting and long term development challenge to overcome two decades of conflict and fragility, with a commitment of a new government, substantial progress is being made to support a potentially vibrant private sector economy, improve human and economic development outcomes, and prioritize the establishment of intergovernmental (central and member government) institutions for effective macro-fiscal management (World Bank, 2015).
Authors and co-editors :
Richard M. Bird, University of Toronto
Robert D. Ebel, World Bank and ... more Authors and co-editors :
Richard M. Bird, University of Toronto Robert D. Ebel, World Bank and Affiliated Senior Economist, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Christine I. Wallich, World Bank and the American Academy in Berlin
Uploads
Papers by Robert Ebel
Richard M. Bird, University of Toronto
Robert D. Ebel, World Bank and Affiliated Senior Economist, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies
Christine I. Wallich, World Bank and the American Academy in Berlin