Authors: Agarwal, Puja | Ford, Christopher N. | Leurgans, Sue E. | Beck, Todd | Desai, Pankaja | Dhana, Klodian | Evans, Denis A. | Halloway, Shannon | Holland, Thomas M. | Krueger, Kristin R. | Liu, Xiaoran | Rajan, Kumar Bharat | Bennett, David A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Background: We have limited evidence for the relationship of high sugar intake with dementia risk. Objective: To determine whether high sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of dementia in community-dwelling older adults Methods: This study included 789 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (community-based longitudinal cohort study of older adults free of known dementia at enrollment), with annual clinical assessments and complete nutrient data (obtained by validated food frequency questionnaire). Clinical diagnosis of dementia is based on the criteria of the joint working group of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and …the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association. We used Cox proportional hazard models. Results: 118 participants developed dementia during 7.3±3.8 years of follow-up. Those in the highest quintile of total sugar intake were twice as likely to develop dementia than those in the lowest quintile (Q5 versus Q1:HR=2.10 (95% CI: 1.05, 4.19) when adjusted for age, sex, education, APOE ɛ 4 allele, calories from sources other than sugar, physical activity, and diet score. Higher percent calories from sugar were positively associated with dementia risk (β=0.042, p = 0.0009). In exploratory analyses, the highest versus lowest quintile of fructose and sucrose in the diet had higher dementia risk by 2.8 (95% CI: 1.38, 5.67) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.54) times, respectively. Conclusions: A higher intake of total sugar or total calories from sugar is associated with increased dementia risk in older adults. Among simple sugars, fructose (e.g., sweetened beverages, snacks, packaged desserts) and sucrose (table sugar in juices, desserts, candies, and commercial cereals) are associated with higher dementia risk. Show more
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, longitudinal, total sugar intake
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-230013
Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 1417-1425, 2023
Authors: Halloway, Shannon | Volgman, Annabelle Santos | Barnes, Lisa L. | Schoeny, Michael E. | Wilbur, JoEllen | Pressler, Susan J. | Laddu, Deepika | Phillips, Shane A. | Vispute, Sachin | Hall, Gabriel | Shakya, Shamatree | Goodyke, Madison | Auger, Claire | Cagin, Kelly | Borgia, Jeffrey A. | Arvanitakis, Zoe A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Background: Vascular diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and stroke, increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment. Serum biomarkers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), may be indicators of cognitive health. Objective: We examined whether vascular risk was associated with levels of cognition and serum biomarkers in older women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Baseline data from a lifestyle trial in older women (n = 253) with CVD (NCT04556305) were analyzed. Vascular risk scores were calculated for ASCVD (ASCVD risk estimator) and stroke (CHA2 DS2 -VASc) based on …published criteria. Cognition-related serum biomarkers included BDNF, VEGF, and IGF-1. Cognition was based on a battery of neuropsychological tests that assessed episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, and executive function. A series of separate linear regression models were used to evaluate associations of vascular risk scores with outcomes of cognition and serum biomarkers. All models were adjusted for age, education level, and racial and ethnic background. Results: In separate linear regression models, both ASCVD and CHA2 DS2 -VASc scores were inversely associated with semantic memory (β= –0.22, p = 0.007 and β= –0.15, p = 0.022, respectively), with no significant findings for the other cognitive domains. There were no significant associations between vascular risk scores and serum biomarkers. Conclusions: Future studies should prospectively examine associations between vascular risk and cognition in other populations and additionally consider other serum biomarkers that may be related to vascular risk and cognition. Show more
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, biomarkers, cardiovascular health, risk factors, stroke
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-240100
Citation: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 1407-1416, 2024
