Abstract: In this paper, we generalize a series of research work about convexity on classical partially ordered sets to fuzzy partially ordered sets (L -posets). Taking a complete Heyting algebra as the truth value structure, we propose an L -ordered L -convex structure on an L -poset and give its corresponding L -convex hulls. We characterize the L -ordered L -convex sets in terms of four kinds of cut sets of L -subsets, and discuss the product of L -ordered L -convex sets. We also discuss L -convexity-preserving (resp.,L -convex-to-convex) mappings. After that, with a consideration of the degree to which…an L -subset is an L -ordered L -convex set, an L -ordered (L , L )-fuzzy convex structure is introduced. The properties such as equivalent descriptions, the product and (L , L )-fuzzy convexity-preserving mappings are analyzed.
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Abstract: Different feature extraction techniques are used to build AirFare-FS model, which is an integrated ticket price-prediction model, to solve the nonlinear regression problem of ticket price-prediction. Using three public air ticket datasets as an example, the AirFare-FS model identify main features affecting the air ticket price in each dataset and constructs a feature subset of each dataset using eleven feature extraction methods. Then, the AirFare-FS model selects the best feature subset of each dataset using a multi-objective optimization method. Finally, the optimal subset is used to find the best prediction method with the highest matching degree, and the dynamic adaptive…model is constructed. The results show that the best feature subset of SixAirlines and EaseMyTrip datasets is subset 4 and the best matching prediction model is gradient descent, while the best subset of flight prices is subset 3 and the best matching prediction model is random forest. The visualization technology is used to show the effect of the characteristics of each optimal feature subset on the ticket price. The results indicate that the flight time dominantly affects the ticket price.
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Abstract: Raman spectroscopy has been used as a sensitive tool for studying biological tissue and evaluating disease. In many applications, microscopic level resolution spectral analysis is desirable. And this has been performed mostly by expensive commercial confocal micro-Raman systems. In this research, we present a simple method for building an economical and modular Raman microspectroscopy system that combines a microscope with a Raman spectrometer using an optical fiber bundle. The bundle with a circular collection end is positioned at an image plane of the microscope to collect Raman signals from the interested micro-location on the sample. The light delivery end is…specially configured so that its 37 fibers are arranged along a straight line to fit into the spectrometer entrance slit. This configuration improves light collection efficiency and maintains high spectral resolution. To battle the great background autofluorescence and Raman signals that could originate from the microscope slides and optics due to the non-confocal set-up of our simplified system, conventional normal-incident illumination is replaced by oblique illumination at 45° degrees and the microscope slides are coated with gold. We demonstrated the usefulness of the system by measuring micro-Raman spectra from different skin layers on vertical sections of normal skin tissue samples.
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Abstract: Cybersecurity risk assessment is an important means of effective response to network attacks on industrial control systems. However, cybersecurity risk assessment process is susceptible to subjective and objective effects. To solve this problem, this paper introduced cybersecurity risk assessment method based on fuzzy theory of Attack-Defense Tree model and probability cybersecurity risk assessment technology, and applied it to airport automatic fuel supply control system. Firstly, an Attack-Defense Tree model was established based on the potential cybersecurity threat of the system and deployed security equipment. Secondly, the interval probability of the attack path was calculated using the triangular fuzzy quantification of…the interval probabilities of the attack leaf nodes and defensive leaf nodes. Next, the interval probability of the final path was defuzzified. Finally, the occurrence probability of each final attack path was obtained and a reference for the deployment of security equipment was provided. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) considering the distribution of equipment in industrial control system, a new cybersecurity risk evaluation model of industrial control system is proposed. (2) The experimental results of this article are compared with other assessment technologies, and the trend is similar to that of other evaluation methods, which proves that the method was introduced in this paper is scientific. However, this method reduces the subjective impact of experts on cybersecurity risk assessment, and the assessment results are more objective and reasonable. (3) Applying this model to the airport oil supply automatic control system can comprehensively evaluate risk, solve the practical problems faced by the airport, and also provide an important basis for the cybersecurity protection scheme of the energy industry.
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Keywords: Cybersecurity risk assessment, fuzzy set theory, attack-defense tree
Abstract: The elastic characteristics of transformer winding materials have an important influence on its deformation due to short-circuit (SC) fault. This paper presents an electromagnetic-thermal-fluid-mechanical coupling analysis method for dynamic deformation calculation of power transformer windings under SC fault, considering the influence of temperature on modulus of elasticity of winding materials. The dependence of modulus of elasticity of spacer and copper conductor on temperature in transformer windings are tested by dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer. The transient dynamic response of windings deformation including mechanical stress and displacements, as well as temperature distribution, for an oil-immersed-type 110 kV power transformer due to SC are…obtained using the proposed method. The maximum stress and displacement achieved by the proposed method is greater than that calculated neglecting the temperature dependence of elasticity of modulus of winding materials. The upper part of the winding are more susceptible to damage due to SC impact.
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Abstract: Slime mould algorithm (SMA) is a new metaheuristic algorithm proposed in 2020, which has attracted extensive attention from scholars. Similar to other optimization algorithms, SMA also has the drawbacks of slow convergence rate and being trapped in local optimum at times. Therefore, the enhanced SMA named as ESMA is presented in this paper for solving global optimization problems. Two effective methods composed of multiple mutation strategy (MMS) and restart mechanism (RM) are embedded into the original SMA. MMS is utilized to increase the population diversity, and the RM is used to avoid the local optimum. To verify the ESMA’s performance,…twenty-three classical benchmark functions are employed, as well as three well-known engineering design problems, including welded beam design, pressure vessel design and speed reducer design. Several famous optimization algorithms are also chosen for comparison. Experimental results show that the ESMA outperforms other optimization algorithms in most of the test functions with faster convergence speed and higher solution accuracy, which indicates the merits of proposed ESMA. The results of Wilcoxon signed-rank test also reveal that ESMA is significant superior to other comparative optimization algorithms. Moreover, the results of three constrained engineering design problems demonstrate that ESMA is better than comparative algorithms.
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Abstract: This paper addresses the balancing of global and local searches in the recently proposed AO (Aquila Optimizer) algorithm. The original random algorithm is modified using normal-distribution parameters, and an adaptive function represented by a Weibull function is added to the motion law of the predator. Sixteen benchmark functions are used to test the improved algorithm against several recently developed algorithms. The results show that the accuracy and convergence speed of the modified algorithm are improved while the advantages of the original algorithm are retained. In solving the problems of a complex calculation and limited solution in the design of a…hybrid electromagnetic structure based on a Halbach array, a prediction model based on the improved algorithm and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is designed for improved prediction accuracy of the GRNN. Thirty groups of data are obtained using Ansoft, and the prediction accuracy of the improved GRNN is verified using the data. The mean squared error (MSE) of normalized prediction results reaches 0.1404. The improved prediction model has the prediction error less than 10% and its performance is better than the RBF and the KCV-GRNN.
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Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) with endothelial function and atherosclerosis degree in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n = 40). Patients who were definitely diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as observation group, and individuals who received health examination and were excluded from type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled as control group. The diagnosed proportions of carotid plaque, Crouse scores, endothelial-dependent flow-mediated…vasodilation (FMD) function and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) function of the brachial arteries in the two groups were compared. The indexes related to vascular endothelial functions [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels] in the two groups were detected. The correlations of Crouse score with brachial arterial FMD value, VEGF level, ET-1 level and NO level in observation group were analyzed. RESULTS: The diagnosed proportion of carotid plaque in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05), and the Crouse score in observation group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The brachial arterial FMD value in observation group was remarkably lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, VEGF and ET-1 levels were significantly reduced in observation group (P < 0.05), with the statistical increase of NO level (P < 0.05). In observation group, the Crouse score was negatively correlated with the brachial arterial FMD value, VEGF level and ET-1 level, whereas positively correlated with the NO level (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data show that the carotid IMT is increased significantly among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the vascular endothelial function is impaired. Moreover, after the occurrence of atherosclerosis, we found the carotid IMT is negatively correlated with endothelial-dependent FMD, as well as levels of VEGF and ET-1, whereas shows positive correlation with the vasodilative factor NO.
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Abstract: Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) belongs to the peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa (PMP22) gene family, characterized by four transmembrane domains and widespread expression across various human tissues and organs. Other members of the PMP22 family, including EMP1, EMP2, and PMP22, have been linked to various cancers, such as glioblastoma, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. However, few studies report on the function and relevance of EMP3 in tumorigenicity. Given the significant structural similarities among members of the PMP22 family, there are likely potential functional similarities as well. Previous studies have established the regulatory role…of EMP3 in immune cells like T cells and macrophages. Additionally, EMP3 is found to be involved in critical signaling pathways, including HER-2/PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and TGF-beta/Smad. Furthermore, EMP3 is associated with cell cycle regulation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. Hence, it is likely that EMP3 participates in cancer development through these aforementioned pathways and mechanisms. This review aims to systematically examine and summarize the structure and function of EMP3 and its association to various cancers. EMP3 is expected to emerge as a significant biological marker for tumor prognosis and a potential target in cancer therapeutics.
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Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effects of early enteral nutrition (EN) in elderly patients with hip fracture. METHODS: The patients were classified into two groups (with and without EN). We compared the pre- and postoperative albumin (ALB) and inflammatory marker levels of each group and the time spent in bed and quality of life 3 months after surgery between the two groups. RESULTS: The pre- and postoperative IL-6 levels of the experimental group (61.68 ± 51.80 pg/L) were lower than those of the control group (233.11 ± 206.31 pg/L) (P < 0.001). The experimental group spent a shorter…period of time in bed (38.75 ± 14.26 days) in comparison to the control group (99.71 ± 56.87 days) (P < 0.001). Quality of life was better in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Early EN reduced the increment of postoperative IL-6 levels and improved healing postoperatively.
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Keywords: Hip fracture, ALB, inflamatory cytokines, inflamatory markers