I am the Principal of a General Degree College. I am an Eduaction enthusiast and my interest areas are Pedagogy of 2nd language teaching, Inclusive Education and Women Empowerment . In research area, I am interested both in Qualitative and Quantitative Research. I taught Under graduate and Post Graduate Classes in Teacher Eduaction Programme for long years and presently supervising M.Phil and Ph.D Students in Education. Address: Dinhata College, Coochbehar Panchanan Barma University, India
UNIV ZULIA, FAC CIENCIAS JURIDICAS & POLITICAS, 2024
Empowering women through political participation: an examination of indian rural women's percepti... more Empowering women through political participation: an examination of indian rural women's perceptions The purpose of this study was to investigate how rural women in Dinhata Subdivision perceived women's empowerment through political engagement. The research was carried out in the Indian district of Coochbehar's Dinhata SubDivision. It is a quantitative and qualitative research. Purposive sampling was used, and semi-structured interviews with rural women in the study region were used to gather qualitative data. Data were analyzed quantitatively after deductive coding according to quantitative themes. According to the report, there are divergent opinions among rural women on how political engagement may empower women. While the majority of rural women (47%) believe that women should actively participate in politics to empower themselves, 29% see this negatively and 24% have no notion how women might empower themselves through politics. Nonetheless, 67% of women in rural areas are eager to get involved in politics.
This study aims to determine whether there is a connection between academic achievement and insti... more This study aims to determine whether there is a connection between academic achievement and institutional environment. Intuitional environment divided in 3 parts which is Institutional Physical Environment, Institutional Social Environment, and Institutional affective Environment and also try to determine how these things relate to academic achievement. The research approach used for the study was a descriptive survey. Total 100 students use as a sample which was taken randomly from different Colleges of CBPBU. To know the academic achievement of students' researcher used average percentage of students in their last three year exams. To know the institutional environment researcher constructed a successful institutional environment scale by the expert opinion. To analyze the data investigator used Product moment correlation, mean, SD and t-test. The study's conclusions showed there is a positive, negative, slightly but not significant relationship between Institutional environment and academic achievement, Institutional Physical Environment, Institutional Social Environment, and Institutional Affective Environment and also, there is no discernible difference in the academic achievement of male and female students on the basis of institutional environment.
The present study aimed to study the English Reading Comprehension of Seccondary Schol students o... more The present study aimed to study the English Reading Comprehension of Seccondary Schol students of Assam in relation to their gender, Locale, School Management Typc, and Parental Education. A standardized test of Reading Comprchension was administered over a sample of 100 Class IX students of Assamese Medium Schools recognised by Sccondary Education Board of Assam (SEBA). Thc findings revealed that though there is no signilicant dilference in the Readinu Comprehension in English of the secondary students due to their locale variation, but significant difference was observed in the same in relation to their Gender, School Management Type and Parental Education.
The Ravenshaw Journal of Education Studies, Dept of Education, Ravenshaw University, 2023
Education for everyone has always been a fundamental sociopolitical force and a primary motivato... more Education for everyone has always been a fundamental sociopolitical force and a primary motivator of social mobility. The societal advantages grow as more people gain credentials through Inclusive Education. Since the Independence of our nation, the country has been struggling to take the education system to the masses through different Acts and Directive Principles for the states. However, even after education has been made a fundamental right for the children, the progress has not been made at the desired pace and encompassed all the out of school children. Since its independence, India has achieved only limited progress in methodically strengthening its educational growth as a developed, globally connected country. The administration is moving closer to engaging with its societyās many social classes. As the countryās economic status improves, communication technology advances. The growth of the institutions has significantly benefited in the promotion of education in all sectors. In the current context of the recently developed concept of āInclusivity,ā however, the ideas of equity and equality must also be reformulated. This article discusses Inclusive Education, Equity and Equality in education, and how implementation of Inclusive Education can ensure Equityand Equality in the Education system and thus make quality education equally accessible and equitable to all.The study addresses inclusive education in India with regard to Inclusion in general, and specifically Equity and Equality.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13 (11) Academic Publication, UK, 2023
It was observed from the study that spelling ability is normally distributed among elementary sch... more It was observed from the study that spelling ability is normally distributed among elementary school children. At the same time, it is also found from the study that although there is no significant difference in spelling ability of elementary school children in relation to their gender and medium of instruction, there is a significant difference in spelling ability in relation to their type of school management, that is, govt. and non-govt. schools. As it is evident that although the spelling ability is normally distributed, but there is difference of spelling ability between govt. and non-govt. schoolchildren and govt. managed schools should give greater importance to this attribute. The govt. managed schools should train English language teachers more effectively and design activities for learning and practising English spelling in English classrooms and homes. The schools may also arrange different type of competition like āSpelling Beeā for the improvement of spelling of students of the govt. managed schools. Writing is an important aspect of communication in human life, and correct spelling is of utmost importance in writing. Therefore, the govt. managed schools should take measures to improve the spelling ability of children.
This study aimed to determine how Self-Help Groups in the Coochbehar-II Block under the Coochbeha... more This study aimed to determine how Self-Help Groups in the Coochbehar-II Block under the Coochbehar District of West Bengal impacted the empowerment of rural women. The researchers purposefully chose the region, the communities, and the Self-Help Groups for the current study. In this study, only the leaders of each Self-Help Group were chosen using the purposive sampling method. The study's goals were to (i) examine the effect of Self-Help Groups on rural women's empowerment, (ii) examine the social and economic benefits that rural women experienced after joining Self-Help Groups, and (iii) to pinpoint the personal development advantages that rural women gained from Self-Help Groups. Open-ended interviews gathered the data for the current study to determine how Self-Help Groups affect rural women's empowerment. A thematic analysis examined the study's findings. The data have four separate categories: demographic data, financial benefit, social benefit, and personal development benefit gained by rural women participating in Self-Help groups. The results of this study show that women who participate in Self-Help groups become more empowered in various ways, including their self-confidence, self-identity, leadership skills, communication skills, and ability to make decisions. Also, the study discovered that joining Self-Help groups give women the power to achieve various social benefits, including social awareness, community involvement, interpersonal relationships, and social security. The study's novelty is that it highlighted that the marginalized women in the Coochbehar district of India benefitted financially, gained social identity, and acquired leadership qualities after joining the Self-Help Group. The study also highlighted that the women developed self-Sarkar et al. confidence, a sense of social security, communication skills, and decision-making ability after joining the Self-Help Group.
Abstract
English Language has become the lingua franca of the world. India being a multi lingual... more Abstract
English Language has become the lingua franca of the world. India being a multi lingual country depends on English to communicate with different parts of the country as no two states speak the same language in the country. English has become the sole language which is spoken and understood at every part of India and has been accepted as an official language. English is well thought-out as the most vital and influential language in the world. It is used by a large number of people in the world to communicate each other. It has become essential for people throughout the world especially when they enter a worldwide workforce. Almost all top films, books, music, and even internet contents are published in English. It means that knowing English permits us to access an incredible amount of information and entertainment or in other words, knowing the world. India uses English as a Foreign Language (EFL), which makes English more difficult to be learned. As stated by Thompson (2012) that āit can take up to seven years for learners who are using a language other than their mother tongue to attain the same levels of academic language proficiency as those expected for learners learning in a mother tongueā .All over the country, the English Language occupy a significant place in any school curriculum and a learner study English language for the longest time, more than 12 years in any school system. Perhaps no other subject, may it be Mathematics or other subjects is studied by a student so long time compulsorily in the school. Looking at the gravity of English Language, Government of Assam has made English, a compulsory language to be learned from the Primary classes. But students , even after learning the language from class I to X and passing the first Board Examination cannot speak basic sentences and write simple application in English. The present paper aims to study the English Teaching strategies by the Secondary School Teachers in Assam.
Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research ISSN 2349-5162, 2022
The covid 19 pandemic has impacted the worldwide education system and moved on their all teaching... more The covid 19 pandemic has impacted the worldwide education system and moved on their all teachinglearning activities online. In this present study, the researchers find out the attitude of college teachers towards online teaching during the covid 19 pandemic in the Alipurduar district of West Bengal. The researcher used the descriptive survey method to conduct the present study. Stratified Random sampling techniques are used to select the colleges and samples for this present study. The researchers selected Five undergraduate colleges under the University of North Bengal from that district of Alipurduar. The sample of the present study comprises 50 college teachers including (25 Males and 25 Females similarly,27 Urban and 23 Rural college teachers and 21 General caste college teachers & 29 Reserved category college teachers out of 50 as it is). A 5-point attitude scale is used by the researcher for collecting the data. The mean score of both male and female, urban and rural, general caste, and Reserved Category college teacher groups were tested for significance of difference by using the 't-test. The mean score was found that in this present study, there is not a significant difference between the attitude of Male and Female college teachers, and there is no significant difference between Urban and Rural college teachers' attitude towards Online Teaching and the attitude of General caste college teachers & Reserved Category college teachers is a significant difference at 0.05 level and not significant at 0.01 level of during the covid-19 pandemic.
International Journal of Scientific Development and Research ISSN 2455-2631, 2022
Peace Education is one of the most important concepts in acquiring knowledge, values, and develop... more Peace Education is one of the most important concepts in acquiring knowledge, values, and developing capacity limits and is a natural process of living peacefully with each other and within the environment. Students are the future of every Nation and Peace Education depends on the responsiveness of the students. This present study is quantitative in nature. In this study, the researchers studied to determine the College Students' Attitude Towards Peace Education in the Alipurduar District of West Bengal. The researchers used the descriptive survey method to conduct the present study. Multistage Random sampling techniques are used to select the sample for this present study. The researchers selected four undergraduate general degree colleges under the University of North Bengal from the district of Alipurduar. The sample of this present study comprises 80 college students only who are studying in the 5 th semester, including (40 Male and 40 Female college students similarly 40 Urban and 40 Rural college students, and 30 General category college students & 50 Reserved category college students out of 80 as it is). A 5-point attitude scale is used by the researchers for collecting the data. The mean score of Male and Female, Urban and Rural, General category, and Reserved Category college student groups were tested for significance of difference using the inferential analysis 't'-test. The mean, S.D., and from the 't-test score found that in this present study, there is a significant difference between the attitudes of Male and Female college students, and there is no significant difference between Urban and Rural college students' and the attitude towards Peace Education of General Category college students & Reserved Category college students is also a not significant difference.
Journal of Advance Scholarly Research in Allied Education ISSN 2230-7540, 2018
The superiority of any educational process mainly depends upon the excellence of teaching process... more The superiority of any educational process mainly depends upon the excellence of teaching process and teacher. Though teaching is considered as a science and a skill, basically it is a transcendent art. It is the teacher, who intuitively designs the emergent plastic mind of the child entrusted to him. Thus, teaching is not a motorized process. Rather, it is a sophisticated, rigorous and a very challenging one. With good leadership and correct teaching methodologies, the teacher's efficacy can be enhanced. This paper is designed to stimulate discussion on new ideas and innovative practices required in teacher education programme. The paper will emphasize on novel ideas and innovative practices like cooperative learning, brainstorming, constructivism, blended learning, reflective teaching etc.
A Study on Inclusive Education in the Light of Digitization, 2023
India's education system has needed reform for a while now to keep up with the
growing demand fo... more India's education system has needed reform for a while now to keep up with the growing demand for an inclusive, modern education system by NEP 2020. This theoretically focused article seeks to show how inclusive educational opportunities can support the development of digital education. It argues that, like inclusive education, future development in the usage of digital education will call for a rethink and revision of education. This article contends that while regulations, guidelines, and professional development in digital education are crucial, inclusive education also necessitates that digital education takes into account the deeply embedded values, presumptions, and assumptions that educators, students, parents, and society at large hold. In order to do this, great thought must be given to the systematic structuring of online learning in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment. India's children and youth have become more technologically experienced, knowledgeable, and well-informed over the past decade, demonstrating a significant aptitude for and readiness to absorb and learn from digital media. Many educational stakeholders are worried about the issue of digitalization in Higher Education institutions. In one way or another, digitization improves our social, political, economic and educational life. Keywords: Inclusive Education, Digital Education, Digital Technology, Inclusive Society.
In accredited institutions' creation of Internal Quality Assurance Cells (IQAC) is a significant ... more In accredited institutions' creation of Internal Quality Assurance Cells (IQAC) is a significant step towards advancing long-term quality standards. An important administrative group at any institution is the IQAC, which is in charge of all quality-related issues. Every accredited institution should, according to NAAC's recommendation, create an internal Quality Assurance cell to focus all of the institution's activities and initiatives on fostering its all-encompassing academic excellence. The main responsibility of IQAC is to ensure the quality of activities in all dimensions of the Higher education Institutions (HEIs). The present paper ascertains the precise status and operation of IQAC and its outcome since the role of IQAC in sustaining quality standards in teaching, learning, and evaluation becomes vital. The main focused area of the present exposition is-the role of IQAC in maintaining overall quality standards in higher education institutions, the functions of IQAC as an administrative quality monitoring body in Teaching-learning at higher education institutions, and IQAC as an administrative quality monitoring body HEIs The benefits of having IQAC in a Higher Educational Institutions are-IQAC plays a vital administrative role and helps to uphold high standards for instruction, learning, and assessment and IQAC is a competent body, that may oversee numerous intellectual, Scholastic and Co-Scholastic and activities of the concerned HEIs .
Inclusive education is a new approach to educating differently-abled children with the normal one... more Inclusive education is a new approach to educating differently-abled children with the normal ones within a common classroom. The term "differently-abled" means those persons who are suffering from physical, mental, sensory, or intellectual disabilities. This paper would discuss intellectual disability which is associated with the cognitive domain as this domain is highly related to learning. Intellectual disability is often called mental retardation which is classified into four types: mild, moderate, severe, and profound level of retardation. In the case of mild mental retardation, people can acquire basic academic skills and can live independently. While moderately retarded ones can adopt communication skills and can live within a supervised community. Whereas in severe and profound mental retardation they can learn some basic self-care skills, severely retarded ones can live in a group and profoundly retarded people need a highly supervised group of people. This paper would address the challenges of mild retarded ones and how they learn through the help of effective teachers as these learners are more advanced compared to the rest of mentally retarded learners. This process requires the learner to acquire information, understand it and recall or implement it when required. Whereas learning is all about the acquisition of new information, abstract thinking, and implementation of acquired information in a required situation. But due to their inability to knowledge acquisition, Mild retarded students function about 2-4 years below grade level. They have difficulty understanding new information, analyzing abstract concepts, communicating, and learning social skills. The symptoms of intellectual disability may appear during infancy or may not be visible until they reach school. Some effective teaching strategies include task analysis to break
Inculcating Values among Secondary School students through Hidden Curriculum, 2022
The future of any nation depends on its children .Today's students are tomorrow's leaders. Values... more The future of any nation depends on its children .Today's students are tomorrow's leaders. Values play a vital role in shaping the character and personality of the children. After the family, the child spends major time in school and learnt most of the things from school. School is in the pivot position of every education system to inculcate values among children. Schools affect meaningfully the moral, social, cultural values, logical thinking, and views about the larger society and thereby shape their personalities to play their role as adults in the future. The values such as social, cultural, moral, aesthetic, etc. are inherent and very essential for character development. Hidden curriculum is the undefined norms, rules through which values are inculcated in the students in school and classroom. Values are basically the internalization of beliefs that drive life or determine how to live and act. This study is basically deals with three types of values, such as moral values and social values and aesthetic values. This study is based on secondary data sources available through various literatures, journals, internet and other reference materials available. The researcher in this paper attempts to explore the hidden curriculum practices through which values are inculcated in students.
UNIV ZULIA, FAC CIENCIAS JURIDICAS & POLITICAS, 2024
Empowering women through political participation: an examination of indian rural women's percepti... more Empowering women through political participation: an examination of indian rural women's perceptions The purpose of this study was to investigate how rural women in Dinhata Subdivision perceived women's empowerment through political engagement. The research was carried out in the Indian district of Coochbehar's Dinhata SubDivision. It is a quantitative and qualitative research. Purposive sampling was used, and semi-structured interviews with rural women in the study region were used to gather qualitative data. Data were analyzed quantitatively after deductive coding according to quantitative themes. According to the report, there are divergent opinions among rural women on how political engagement may empower women. While the majority of rural women (47%) believe that women should actively participate in politics to empower themselves, 29% see this negatively and 24% have no notion how women might empower themselves through politics. Nonetheless, 67% of women in rural areas are eager to get involved in politics.
This study aims to determine whether there is a connection between academic achievement and insti... more This study aims to determine whether there is a connection between academic achievement and institutional environment. Intuitional environment divided in 3 parts which is Institutional Physical Environment, Institutional Social Environment, and Institutional affective Environment and also try to determine how these things relate to academic achievement. The research approach used for the study was a descriptive survey. Total 100 students use as a sample which was taken randomly from different Colleges of CBPBU. To know the academic achievement of students' researcher used average percentage of students in their last three year exams. To know the institutional environment researcher constructed a successful institutional environment scale by the expert opinion. To analyze the data investigator used Product moment correlation, mean, SD and t-test. The study's conclusions showed there is a positive, negative, slightly but not significant relationship between Institutional environment and academic achievement, Institutional Physical Environment, Institutional Social Environment, and Institutional Affective Environment and also, there is no discernible difference in the academic achievement of male and female students on the basis of institutional environment.
The present study aimed to study the English Reading Comprehension of Seccondary Schol students o... more The present study aimed to study the English Reading Comprehension of Seccondary Schol students of Assam in relation to their gender, Locale, School Management Typc, and Parental Education. A standardized test of Reading Comprchension was administered over a sample of 100 Class IX students of Assamese Medium Schools recognised by Sccondary Education Board of Assam (SEBA). Thc findings revealed that though there is no signilicant dilference in the Readinu Comprehension in English of the secondary students due to their locale variation, but significant difference was observed in the same in relation to their Gender, School Management Type and Parental Education.
The Ravenshaw Journal of Education Studies, Dept of Education, Ravenshaw University, 2023
Education for everyone has always been a fundamental sociopolitical force and a primary motivato... more Education for everyone has always been a fundamental sociopolitical force and a primary motivator of social mobility. The societal advantages grow as more people gain credentials through Inclusive Education. Since the Independence of our nation, the country has been struggling to take the education system to the masses through different Acts and Directive Principles for the states. However, even after education has been made a fundamental right for the children, the progress has not been made at the desired pace and encompassed all the out of school children. Since its independence, India has achieved only limited progress in methodically strengthening its educational growth as a developed, globally connected country. The administration is moving closer to engaging with its societyās many social classes. As the countryās economic status improves, communication technology advances. The growth of the institutions has significantly benefited in the promotion of education in all sectors. In the current context of the recently developed concept of āInclusivity,ā however, the ideas of equity and equality must also be reformulated. This article discusses Inclusive Education, Equity and Equality in education, and how implementation of Inclusive Education can ensure Equityand Equality in the Education system and thus make quality education equally accessible and equitable to all.The study addresses inclusive education in India with regard to Inclusion in general, and specifically Equity and Equality.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13 (11) Academic Publication, UK, 2023
It was observed from the study that spelling ability is normally distributed among elementary sch... more It was observed from the study that spelling ability is normally distributed among elementary school children. At the same time, it is also found from the study that although there is no significant difference in spelling ability of elementary school children in relation to their gender and medium of instruction, there is a significant difference in spelling ability in relation to their type of school management, that is, govt. and non-govt. schools. As it is evident that although the spelling ability is normally distributed, but there is difference of spelling ability between govt. and non-govt. schoolchildren and govt. managed schools should give greater importance to this attribute. The govt. managed schools should train English language teachers more effectively and design activities for learning and practising English spelling in English classrooms and homes. The schools may also arrange different type of competition like āSpelling Beeā for the improvement of spelling of students of the govt. managed schools. Writing is an important aspect of communication in human life, and correct spelling is of utmost importance in writing. Therefore, the govt. managed schools should take measures to improve the spelling ability of children.
This study aimed to determine how Self-Help Groups in the Coochbehar-II Block under the Coochbeha... more This study aimed to determine how Self-Help Groups in the Coochbehar-II Block under the Coochbehar District of West Bengal impacted the empowerment of rural women. The researchers purposefully chose the region, the communities, and the Self-Help Groups for the current study. In this study, only the leaders of each Self-Help Group were chosen using the purposive sampling method. The study's goals were to (i) examine the effect of Self-Help Groups on rural women's empowerment, (ii) examine the social and economic benefits that rural women experienced after joining Self-Help Groups, and (iii) to pinpoint the personal development advantages that rural women gained from Self-Help Groups. Open-ended interviews gathered the data for the current study to determine how Self-Help Groups affect rural women's empowerment. A thematic analysis examined the study's findings. The data have four separate categories: demographic data, financial benefit, social benefit, and personal development benefit gained by rural women participating in Self-Help groups. The results of this study show that women who participate in Self-Help groups become more empowered in various ways, including their self-confidence, self-identity, leadership skills, communication skills, and ability to make decisions. Also, the study discovered that joining Self-Help groups give women the power to achieve various social benefits, including social awareness, community involvement, interpersonal relationships, and social security. The study's novelty is that it highlighted that the marginalized women in the Coochbehar district of India benefitted financially, gained social identity, and acquired leadership qualities after joining the Self-Help Group. The study also highlighted that the women developed self-Sarkar et al. confidence, a sense of social security, communication skills, and decision-making ability after joining the Self-Help Group.
Abstract
English Language has become the lingua franca of the world. India being a multi lingual... more Abstract
English Language has become the lingua franca of the world. India being a multi lingual country depends on English to communicate with different parts of the country as no two states speak the same language in the country. English has become the sole language which is spoken and understood at every part of India and has been accepted as an official language. English is well thought-out as the most vital and influential language in the world. It is used by a large number of people in the world to communicate each other. It has become essential for people throughout the world especially when they enter a worldwide workforce. Almost all top films, books, music, and even internet contents are published in English. It means that knowing English permits us to access an incredible amount of information and entertainment or in other words, knowing the world. India uses English as a Foreign Language (EFL), which makes English more difficult to be learned. As stated by Thompson (2012) that āit can take up to seven years for learners who are using a language other than their mother tongue to attain the same levels of academic language proficiency as those expected for learners learning in a mother tongueā .All over the country, the English Language occupy a significant place in any school curriculum and a learner study English language for the longest time, more than 12 years in any school system. Perhaps no other subject, may it be Mathematics or other subjects is studied by a student so long time compulsorily in the school. Looking at the gravity of English Language, Government of Assam has made English, a compulsory language to be learned from the Primary classes. But students , even after learning the language from class I to X and passing the first Board Examination cannot speak basic sentences and write simple application in English. The present paper aims to study the English Teaching strategies by the Secondary School Teachers in Assam.
Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research ISSN 2349-5162, 2022
The covid 19 pandemic has impacted the worldwide education system and moved on their all teaching... more The covid 19 pandemic has impacted the worldwide education system and moved on their all teachinglearning activities online. In this present study, the researchers find out the attitude of college teachers towards online teaching during the covid 19 pandemic in the Alipurduar district of West Bengal. The researcher used the descriptive survey method to conduct the present study. Stratified Random sampling techniques are used to select the colleges and samples for this present study. The researchers selected Five undergraduate colleges under the University of North Bengal from that district of Alipurduar. The sample of the present study comprises 50 college teachers including (25 Males and 25 Females similarly,27 Urban and 23 Rural college teachers and 21 General caste college teachers & 29 Reserved category college teachers out of 50 as it is). A 5-point attitude scale is used by the researcher for collecting the data. The mean score of both male and female, urban and rural, general caste, and Reserved Category college teacher groups were tested for significance of difference by using the 't-test. The mean score was found that in this present study, there is not a significant difference between the attitude of Male and Female college teachers, and there is no significant difference between Urban and Rural college teachers' attitude towards Online Teaching and the attitude of General caste college teachers & Reserved Category college teachers is a significant difference at 0.05 level and not significant at 0.01 level of during the covid-19 pandemic.
International Journal of Scientific Development and Research ISSN 2455-2631, 2022
Peace Education is one of the most important concepts in acquiring knowledge, values, and develop... more Peace Education is one of the most important concepts in acquiring knowledge, values, and developing capacity limits and is a natural process of living peacefully with each other and within the environment. Students are the future of every Nation and Peace Education depends on the responsiveness of the students. This present study is quantitative in nature. In this study, the researchers studied to determine the College Students' Attitude Towards Peace Education in the Alipurduar District of West Bengal. The researchers used the descriptive survey method to conduct the present study. Multistage Random sampling techniques are used to select the sample for this present study. The researchers selected four undergraduate general degree colleges under the University of North Bengal from the district of Alipurduar. The sample of this present study comprises 80 college students only who are studying in the 5 th semester, including (40 Male and 40 Female college students similarly 40 Urban and 40 Rural college students, and 30 General category college students & 50 Reserved category college students out of 80 as it is). A 5-point attitude scale is used by the researchers for collecting the data. The mean score of Male and Female, Urban and Rural, General category, and Reserved Category college student groups were tested for significance of difference using the inferential analysis 't'-test. The mean, S.D., and from the 't-test score found that in this present study, there is a significant difference between the attitudes of Male and Female college students, and there is no significant difference between Urban and Rural college students' and the attitude towards Peace Education of General Category college students & Reserved Category college students is also a not significant difference.
Journal of Advance Scholarly Research in Allied Education ISSN 2230-7540, 2018
The superiority of any educational process mainly depends upon the excellence of teaching process... more The superiority of any educational process mainly depends upon the excellence of teaching process and teacher. Though teaching is considered as a science and a skill, basically it is a transcendent art. It is the teacher, who intuitively designs the emergent plastic mind of the child entrusted to him. Thus, teaching is not a motorized process. Rather, it is a sophisticated, rigorous and a very challenging one. With good leadership and correct teaching methodologies, the teacher's efficacy can be enhanced. This paper is designed to stimulate discussion on new ideas and innovative practices required in teacher education programme. The paper will emphasize on novel ideas and innovative practices like cooperative learning, brainstorming, constructivism, blended learning, reflective teaching etc.
A Study on Inclusive Education in the Light of Digitization, 2023
India's education system has needed reform for a while now to keep up with the
growing demand fo... more India's education system has needed reform for a while now to keep up with the growing demand for an inclusive, modern education system by NEP 2020. This theoretically focused article seeks to show how inclusive educational opportunities can support the development of digital education. It argues that, like inclusive education, future development in the usage of digital education will call for a rethink and revision of education. This article contends that while regulations, guidelines, and professional development in digital education are crucial, inclusive education also necessitates that digital education takes into account the deeply embedded values, presumptions, and assumptions that educators, students, parents, and society at large hold. In order to do this, great thought must be given to the systematic structuring of online learning in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment. India's children and youth have become more technologically experienced, knowledgeable, and well-informed over the past decade, demonstrating a significant aptitude for and readiness to absorb and learn from digital media. Many educational stakeholders are worried about the issue of digitalization in Higher Education institutions. In one way or another, digitization improves our social, political, economic and educational life. Keywords: Inclusive Education, Digital Education, Digital Technology, Inclusive Society.
In accredited institutions' creation of Internal Quality Assurance Cells (IQAC) is a significant ... more In accredited institutions' creation of Internal Quality Assurance Cells (IQAC) is a significant step towards advancing long-term quality standards. An important administrative group at any institution is the IQAC, which is in charge of all quality-related issues. Every accredited institution should, according to NAAC's recommendation, create an internal Quality Assurance cell to focus all of the institution's activities and initiatives on fostering its all-encompassing academic excellence. The main responsibility of IQAC is to ensure the quality of activities in all dimensions of the Higher education Institutions (HEIs). The present paper ascertains the precise status and operation of IQAC and its outcome since the role of IQAC in sustaining quality standards in teaching, learning, and evaluation becomes vital. The main focused area of the present exposition is-the role of IQAC in maintaining overall quality standards in higher education institutions, the functions of IQAC as an administrative quality monitoring body in Teaching-learning at higher education institutions, and IQAC as an administrative quality monitoring body HEIs The benefits of having IQAC in a Higher Educational Institutions are-IQAC plays a vital administrative role and helps to uphold high standards for instruction, learning, and assessment and IQAC is a competent body, that may oversee numerous intellectual, Scholastic and Co-Scholastic and activities of the concerned HEIs .
Inclusive education is a new approach to educating differently-abled children with the normal one... more Inclusive education is a new approach to educating differently-abled children with the normal ones within a common classroom. The term "differently-abled" means those persons who are suffering from physical, mental, sensory, or intellectual disabilities. This paper would discuss intellectual disability which is associated with the cognitive domain as this domain is highly related to learning. Intellectual disability is often called mental retardation which is classified into four types: mild, moderate, severe, and profound level of retardation. In the case of mild mental retardation, people can acquire basic academic skills and can live independently. While moderately retarded ones can adopt communication skills and can live within a supervised community. Whereas in severe and profound mental retardation they can learn some basic self-care skills, severely retarded ones can live in a group and profoundly retarded people need a highly supervised group of people. This paper would address the challenges of mild retarded ones and how they learn through the help of effective teachers as these learners are more advanced compared to the rest of mentally retarded learners. This process requires the learner to acquire information, understand it and recall or implement it when required. Whereas learning is all about the acquisition of new information, abstract thinking, and implementation of acquired information in a required situation. But due to their inability to knowledge acquisition, Mild retarded students function about 2-4 years below grade level. They have difficulty understanding new information, analyzing abstract concepts, communicating, and learning social skills. The symptoms of intellectual disability may appear during infancy or may not be visible until they reach school. Some effective teaching strategies include task analysis to break
Inculcating Values among Secondary School students through Hidden Curriculum, 2022
The future of any nation depends on its children .Today's students are tomorrow's leaders. Values... more The future of any nation depends on its children .Today's students are tomorrow's leaders. Values play a vital role in shaping the character and personality of the children. After the family, the child spends major time in school and learnt most of the things from school. School is in the pivot position of every education system to inculcate values among children. Schools affect meaningfully the moral, social, cultural values, logical thinking, and views about the larger society and thereby shape their personalities to play their role as adults in the future. The values such as social, cultural, moral, aesthetic, etc. are inherent and very essential for character development. Hidden curriculum is the undefined norms, rules through which values are inculcated in the students in school and classroom. Values are basically the internalization of beliefs that drive life or determine how to live and act. This study is basically deals with three types of values, such as moral values and social values and aesthetic values. This study is based on secondary data sources available through various literatures, journals, internet and other reference materials available. The researcher in this paper attempts to explore the hidden curriculum practices through which values are inculcated in students.
International Seminar onSignificance of peace and Human Values in the context of Society, Culture and Education, 2022
Peace Education is gradually becoming popular. The purpose of peace education is to introduce, ex... more Peace Education is gradually becoming popular. The purpose of peace education is to introduce, expand and position of student"s thinking about the concept of peace. There are many approaches to peace education that rely heavily on ideals, realistic experiences, and good emotions. Peace is a form of internal and external emotional satisfaction that directly affects life. It may depend on educating our next children with the skills, attitudes, perspectives and values and behavioral frameworks that will help them build and sustain peace in the era of 21st century. Peace education is the education that develops societies free from exploitation, violence and injustice. Education is the only way that can generate the interests, values, aesthetics and other qualities necessary to bring about peace in people in human mind. Peace brings the light from the darkness in our society which is most important thing in human life. In this paper examines various aspects of peace education and how it affects to make a peaceful society. Beside this the paper tries to define how peace education makes the contribution for sustainable development. The paper trace the intersection of the peace education and sustainable development and explore the role of the United Nations in promoting and empowering individuals for peace and ecological sustainability. The paper profiles the United Nation"s Decade of Education for Sustainable Development and various aspect of peace education.
She completed her bachelor's degree from Central University of Allahabad (Prayagraj, Uttar Prades... more She completed her bachelor's degree from Central University of Allahabad (Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh) in English Literature, Economics and Education in 2012 and also did 2 master's degrees from the same University. First master's in Economics (2014) and second master's in Education (2018) and further she got the MPhil Degree in education (2020) from Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, Maharashtra. She was a gold medallist in MPhil, also she did two postgraduate Diplomas from the same University MGAHV. One in Guidance and Counselling (2020) and second in Language Teaching (2021). Yadav has a strong academic background in her specialization area. Published 6 Research Papers, 4 Edited Book Chapters on different topics. Participation in more than 20 national and international seminars and presentation of 12 Research Papers in emerging topics in the education sector and participated in 5 National level Workshop. She also has expertise in organizing workshops and seminars, in that successfully organized 3 national level seminars.
The ability of a teacher to plan classroom activities, manage the needs of the students, and faci... more The ability of a teacher to plan classroom activities, manage the needs of the students, and facilitate interactions that are appropriate for the activity and take into account the variety of needs and abilities of the students in the classroom is considered a teacher's effectiveness and skills of a classroom teachinglearning process in inclusive education. Children with various skills and impairments are fully included in all areas of education that are available to and enjoyed by other students in inclusive education. In 1994, the Salamanca Declaration and plan of action for special needs education defined inclusive education. Children with special needs and typically developing youngsters are educated together in one classroom through the crucial educational process known as inclusive education. It aims to meet the educational requirements of every child, with a special emphasis on those who run the danger of being excluded from the learning community, whether they have disabilities or not. The increased confidence and competence of instructors in inclusive education initiatives will increase community awareness. In accordance with the right to education act 2009, article 21(A), inclusive education will enable all children to receive an education regardless of physical ability, increase the enrollment of children with disabilities in all types of schools, work to remove barriers preventing more disabled or differently abled children from accessing education, and contribute to the development of their families and communities.
A person's values determine the good, bad, and vital aspects of life. These values came from seve... more A person's values determine the good, bad, and vital aspects of life. These values came from several different sources. Providing value education to everyone is essential. Good moral values must be established in the child's mind from a young age. Education institutions are important, even before children start school, in terms of giving them a value-based education. The definition of value education, its necessity, purposes, and objectives are all covered in this present study. It also studies the role of teachers have in advancing the concept of value education. This is accomplished by acknowledging the value of "Value Education" for kids and students.
CHAPTER 07 :Quality Assurance in Education ISBN 978-93-85882-12-8, 2016
Inclusive education (IE) is an approach towards educating the Children with Special Needs (CWSN) ... more Inclusive education (IE) is an approach towards educating the Children with Special Needs (CWSN) and learning difficulties with that of normal ones under the same roof. It seeks to address the learrning needs of all children with a specific focus on those who are vulnerable to marginalization and exclusion. it implies all iearners-with or without disabilities being able to learn together through access to comrmon pre-schoo provisions, schools and community educational setting with an appropriate network of support services This is possible only in flexible education system that assimilates the needs of diverse range of learners and adapts itself to meet these needs. Inclusion is not an experiment to be tested but a value to be followed. All the children vwhether they are differently able or not, have the right to education which is guaranteed to the children by the constitution of India. The present research based study aimed to bring out the policies of the primary schoolis for CWSN, status of the teaching learning condition and infrastructural facilities for these children. The study found that a lot number of schools do not have policies to identify CWSN, do not have basic amenities, do not have teacher to handle CWSN and are not sensitive towards inclusiveness.
Uploads
of social mobility. The societal advantages grow as more people gain credentials through Inclusive Education.
Since the Independence of our nation, the country has been struggling to take the education system to the
masses through different Acts and Directive Principles for the states. However, even after education has
been made a fundamental right for the children, the progress has not been made at the desired pace and
encompassed all the out of school children. Since its independence, India has achieved only limited progress
in methodically strengthening its educational growth as a developed, globally connected country. The
administration is moving closer to engaging with its societyās many social classes. As the countryās economic
status improves, communication technology advances. The growth of the institutions has significantly benefited
in the promotion of education in all sectors. In the current context of the recently developed concept of
āInclusivity,ā however, the ideas of equity and equality must also be reformulated. This article discusses
Inclusive Education, Equity and Equality in education, and how implementation of Inclusive Education can
ensure Equityand Equality in the Education system and thus make quality education equally accessible and
equitable to all.The study addresses inclusive education in India with regard to Inclusion in general, and
specifically Equity and Equality.
English Language has become the lingua franca of the world. India being a multi lingual country depends on English to communicate with different parts of the country as no two states speak the same language in the country. English has become the sole language which is spoken and understood at every part of India and has been accepted as an official language. English is well thought-out as the most vital and influential language in the world. It is used by a large number of people in the world to communicate each other. It has become essential for people throughout the world especially when they enter a worldwide workforce. Almost all top films, books, music, and even internet contents are published in English. It means that knowing English permits us to access an incredible amount of information and entertainment or in other words, knowing the world. India uses English as a Foreign Language (EFL), which makes English more difficult to be learned. As stated by Thompson (2012) that āit can take up to seven years for learners who are using a language other than their mother tongue to attain the same levels of academic language proficiency as those expected for learners learning in a mother tongueā .All over the country, the English Language occupy a significant place in any school curriculum and a learner study English language for the longest time, more than 12 years in any school system. Perhaps no other subject, may it be Mathematics or other subjects is studied by a student so long time compulsorily in the school. Looking at the gravity of English Language, Government of Assam has made English, a compulsory language to be learned from the Primary classes. But students , even after learning the language from class I to X and passing the first Board Examination cannot speak basic sentences and write simple application in English. The present paper aims to study the English Teaching strategies by the Secondary School Teachers in Assam.
growing demand for an inclusive, modern education system by NEP 2020. This theoretically
focused article seeks to show how inclusive educational opportunities can support the
development of digital education. It argues that, like inclusive education, future development
in the usage of digital education will call for a rethink and revision of education. This article
contends that while regulations, guidelines, and professional development in digital education
are crucial, inclusive education also necessitates that digital education takes into account the
deeply embedded values, presumptions, and assumptions that educators, students, parents, and
society at large hold. In order to do this, great thought must be given to the systematic
structuring of online learning in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment. India's
children and youth have become more technologically experienced, knowledgeable, and well-informed over the past decade, demonstrating a significant aptitude for and readiness to absorb
and learn from digital media. Many educational stakeholders are worried about the issue of
digitalization in Higher Education institutions. In one way or another, digitization improves
our social, political, economic and educational life.
Keywords: Inclusive Education, Digital Education, Digital Technology, Inclusive Society.
of social mobility. The societal advantages grow as more people gain credentials through Inclusive Education.
Since the Independence of our nation, the country has been struggling to take the education system to the
masses through different Acts and Directive Principles for the states. However, even after education has
been made a fundamental right for the children, the progress has not been made at the desired pace and
encompassed all the out of school children. Since its independence, India has achieved only limited progress
in methodically strengthening its educational growth as a developed, globally connected country. The
administration is moving closer to engaging with its societyās many social classes. As the countryās economic
status improves, communication technology advances. The growth of the institutions has significantly benefited
in the promotion of education in all sectors. In the current context of the recently developed concept of
āInclusivity,ā however, the ideas of equity and equality must also be reformulated. This article discusses
Inclusive Education, Equity and Equality in education, and how implementation of Inclusive Education can
ensure Equityand Equality in the Education system and thus make quality education equally accessible and
equitable to all.The study addresses inclusive education in India with regard to Inclusion in general, and
specifically Equity and Equality.
English Language has become the lingua franca of the world. India being a multi lingual country depends on English to communicate with different parts of the country as no two states speak the same language in the country. English has become the sole language which is spoken and understood at every part of India and has been accepted as an official language. English is well thought-out as the most vital and influential language in the world. It is used by a large number of people in the world to communicate each other. It has become essential for people throughout the world especially when they enter a worldwide workforce. Almost all top films, books, music, and even internet contents are published in English. It means that knowing English permits us to access an incredible amount of information and entertainment or in other words, knowing the world. India uses English as a Foreign Language (EFL), which makes English more difficult to be learned. As stated by Thompson (2012) that āit can take up to seven years for learners who are using a language other than their mother tongue to attain the same levels of academic language proficiency as those expected for learners learning in a mother tongueā .All over the country, the English Language occupy a significant place in any school curriculum and a learner study English language for the longest time, more than 12 years in any school system. Perhaps no other subject, may it be Mathematics or other subjects is studied by a student so long time compulsorily in the school. Looking at the gravity of English Language, Government of Assam has made English, a compulsory language to be learned from the Primary classes. But students , even after learning the language from class I to X and passing the first Board Examination cannot speak basic sentences and write simple application in English. The present paper aims to study the English Teaching strategies by the Secondary School Teachers in Assam.
growing demand for an inclusive, modern education system by NEP 2020. This theoretically
focused article seeks to show how inclusive educational opportunities can support the
development of digital education. It argues that, like inclusive education, future development
in the usage of digital education will call for a rethink and revision of education. This article
contends that while regulations, guidelines, and professional development in digital education
are crucial, inclusive education also necessitates that digital education takes into account the
deeply embedded values, presumptions, and assumptions that educators, students, parents, and
society at large hold. In order to do this, great thought must be given to the systematic
structuring of online learning in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment. India's
children and youth have become more technologically experienced, knowledgeable, and well-informed over the past decade, demonstrating a significant aptitude for and readiness to absorb
and learn from digital media. Many educational stakeholders are worried about the issue of
digitalization in Higher Education institutions. In one way or another, digitization improves
our social, political, economic and educational life.
Keywords: Inclusive Education, Digital Education, Digital Technology, Inclusive Society.
ą¦Øą¦æą§ą§ ą¦ą¦ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ ą¦ą§ą§ ą¦¤ą§ą¦²ą§ą¦ą¦æ ą¦²ą„¤ ą¦øą¦®ą§ą§ą¦° ą¦¬ą¦æą¦¬ą¦°ą§ą¦¤ą¦Øą§ą¦° ą¦øą¦¾ą¦„ą§ ą¦øą¦¾ą¦„ą§
ą¦ą§ą¦®ą¦æą¦°ą§ą¦Ŗ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą¦°ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦¤ ą¦¹ą§ą§ą¦ą§, ą¦ą¦²ą¦¬ą¦¾ą§ļæ½ą§ ą¦Ŗą¦¾ą¦²ą§ą¦ą§ą¦ą§ ą¦¬ą¦æą¦ą¦æą¦Øą§ą¦Ø ą¦Ŗą¦¶ą§ ą¦Ŗą¦¾ą¦ą¦æ ą¦ą¦¦ą§ą¦ą¦¬ ą¦¹ą§ą§ą¦ą§
ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦° ą¦¬ą§ą¦ą¦æą¦¤ą§ą¦°ą§ą¦Æą¦®ą§ą¦¤ą¦¾ ą¦¬ą§ą¦¦ą§ą¦§ą¦æ ą¦Ŗą§ą§ą§ą¦ą§ą„¤ ą¦ą¦Øą§ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦Øą¦æą¦ ą§Ø.ą§« ą¦²ą¦ą§ą¦· ą¦¬ą¦ą¦° ą¦ą¦ą§ ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦·ą§ą¦°
ą¦ą¦¬ą¦æą¦°ą§ą¦ą¦¾ą¦¬ ą¦ą¦° ą¦®ą¦§ą§ą¦Æ ą¦¦ą¦æą§ą§ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦„ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦° ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ ą¦ ą¦ą¦¾ą¦¬ą¦Øą§ą§ ą¦ą¦¾ą¦¬ą§ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą¦°ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦¤
ą¦¹ą¦¤ą§ ą¦¶ą§ą¦°ą§ ą¦ą¦°ą§ą„¤ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ą§ą¦° ą¦øą¦¾ą¦„ą§ ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦·ą§ą¦° ą¦øą¦¾ą¦ą¦øą§ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æ ą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ ą¦Æą§ą¦ą§ą¦¤
ą¦¹ą§ą„¤ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦ ą¦ ą¦øą¦¾ą¦ą¦øą§ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æ ą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ ą¦ą¦° ą¦®ą§ą¦²ą¦¬ą¦Øą§ą¦§ą¦Øą§ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦„ą¦æą¦¬ą§ ą¦ą¦°ą¦ ą¦¬ą§ą¦ą¦æą¦¤ą§ą¦°ą§ą¦Æą¦®ą§
ą¦¹ą§ą§ ą¦ą¦ ą§ ą„¤ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦¤ą§ ą¦ą§ą§ą¦Øą¦¾ ą¦øą¦ą§ą¦¬ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦£ą§ ą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦° ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦£ą§ą¦° ą¦øą¦¾ą¦¹ą¦¾ą¦Æą§ą¦Æ ą¦ą¦¾ą¦”ą¦¼ą¦¾ ą¦¬ą¦¾ą¦ą¦ą¦¤ą§ ą¦Ŗą¦¾ą¦°ą§
ą¦Øą¦¾, ą¦øą§ą¦¤ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ ą¦ą¦ą¦ą¦æ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦£ą§ą¦° ą¦ą¦¬ą¦¶ą§ą¦Æą¦ ą¦ ą¦ą¦¶ ą¦¹ą¦ą§ą¦ą§ ą¦ ą¦Øą§ą¦Æą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦Æ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦£ą§ą„¤ ą¦ą¦®ą¦°ą¦¾
ą¦ą¦¾ą¦Øą¦æ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¤ą§ą¦Æą§ą¦ ą¦ą§ą¦¬ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą§ą¦ą§ą¦· ą¦ą¦¾ą¦¬ą§ ą¦¬ą¦¾ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¤ą§ą¦Æą¦ą§ą¦·ą¦ą¦¾ą¦¬ą§ ą¦ą¦¾ą¦ą¦Ŗą¦¾ą¦²ą¦¾ą¦° ą¦ą¦Ŗą¦° ą¦Øą¦æą¦°ą§ą¦ą¦°ą¦¶ą§ą¦²ą„¤
ą¦ą¦¬ą¦¾ą¦° ą¦ą¦øą¦¬ ą¦ą¦¦ą§ą¦ą¦æą¦¦ą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦¾ą¦ ą¦®ą¦æą¦²ą¦Øą§ą¦° ą¦ą¦Øą§ą¦Æą¦ ą¦¬ą§ą¦ ą¦ą¦”ą¦¼ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦° ą¦ą¦Øą§ą¦Æ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦£ą§ą¦¦ą§ą¦° ą¦ą¦Ŗą¦°
ą¦Øą¦æą¦°ą§ą¦ą¦°ą¦¶ą§ą¦²ą„¤ ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦· ą¦¤ą¦¾ą¦° ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦Æą¦¼ą§ą¦ą¦Øą§ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æ ą¦¬ą¦æą¦ą¦æą¦Øą§ą¦Ø ą¦øą¦®ą§ą¦ą¦¾ą¦¬ą¦Øą¦¾ą¦ą§ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą¦°ą§ą¦¤ą¦Ø ą¦ą¦°ą§
ą¦Øą¦æą¦ą§ą¦° ą¦®ą¦¤ą§ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ ą¦øą§ą¦·ą§ą¦ą¦æ ą¦ą¦°ą§ą¦ą§ą„¤ ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦·ą§ą¦° ą¦øą¦®ą¦¾ą¦ ą¦¬ą§ą¦Æą¦¬ą¦øą§ą¦„ą¦¾ ą¦Æą§ą¦®ą¦Ø ą¦ą¦Øą§ą¦Øą¦¤ ą¦¹ą¦Æą¦¼ą§ą¦ą§
ą¦¤ą§ą¦®ą¦Øą¦æ ą¦ą¦øą¦¬ ą¦ą¦Ŗą¦¾ą¦¦ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦° ą¦ ą¦Øą§ą¦Ŗą¦¾ą¦¤ ą¦¬ą§ą¦”ą¦¼ą§ą¦ą§ą„¤ ą¦ą¦ą¦¾ą¦¬ą§ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦¾ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ą¦ą§ ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦·
ą¦ą¦æą¦ą§ą¦ą¦¾ ą¦¬ą¦¦ą¦²ą§ ą¦¦ą¦æą¦Æą¦¼ą§ą¦ą§ ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦Øą§ą¦·ą§ą¦° ą¦øą¦®ą¦¾ą¦ą§ą¦° ą¦§ą¦°ą¦£, ą¦¤ą¦¾ą¦° ą¦ą§ą¦¬ą¦æą¦ą¦¾ ą¦ ą¦°ą§ą¦„ą¦Ø
ą¦°ą§ą¦„ą§ą¦¤ą¦æą¦ ą¦¬ą§ą¦Æą¦¬ą¦øą§ą¦„ą¦¾
ą¦øą¦ą¦øą§ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æ ą¦ ą¦Ŗą§ą¦°ą¦Æą§ą¦ą§ą¦¤ą¦æ ą¦Øą¦æą¦Æą¦¼ą§ ą¦ą¦”ą¦¼ą§ ą¦ą¦ ą§ ą¦øą¦¾ą¦®ą¦¾ą¦ą¦æą¦ ą¦Ŗą¦°ą¦æą¦¬ą§ą¦¶ą„¤