The present study was undertaken to explore the immunohistochemical localisation of TRPV6 calcium... more The present study was undertaken to explore the immunohistochemical localisation of TRPV6 calcium channels in rabbit gut epithelium that are actively involved in calcium absorption. To undertake the research, twelve apparently healthy adult female rabbits with a body weight between 1.0 to 1.5 kg were procured, acclimatised and divided into two groups: control and test. Both groups were kept on same feed along with exogenous calcium supplementation in test group animals only. The serum calcium level revealed that normally a high value of serum calcium is maintained in the rabbit as compared to other mammals, thus indicating that the homeostatic mechanism might be poorly developed. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the caecum was the site of maximum calcium absorption in rabbit, followed by the duodenum and jejunum. The expression pattern of TRPV6 protein/mRNA was weaker in test group animals than in the control group, indi...
This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water... more This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water samples of a newly designated Ramsar site, namely Kabar Tal (KT) wetland of Bihar. Samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. The analytical and GIS results show that concentration of electrical conductivity, chloride, and nitrate are higher in summer than monsoon and winter. However, the concentration of major cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are higher in winter than monsoon and summer. In addition, major anions like sulphate and phosphate concentration is higher during monsoon than summer and winter. Multivariate statistical tool (discriminant analysis) results suggest that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate, and potassium are the major parameters distinguishing the water quality in different seasons. The study confirms that seasonal variations are playing a major role in the hydrochemistry of KT wetland. Overall, this ...
The present investigation deals with diurnal studies in order to understand the impact of cyclic ... more The present investigation deals with diurnal studies in order to understand the impact of cyclic tidal insurgence, if any, as well as to delineate the factors controlling the water quality in Sundarban Mangroves Ecosystem, India. Water samples were collected on an hourly basis from locations representing the land use pattern and subsequently analyzed for nutrients. Studies reveal that the water samples were slightly alkaline in nature irrespective of the locations, with a high electrical conductivity and the total dissolved solids load. Sodium was the most dominant cation accounting for 71–80% of the cationic load whereas chloride was found to be the dominant anion in the samples. During the ebb flow, a significant increase in dissolved-silicaand nitrate concentrations was observed at intertidal and the sub-tidal stations, suggesting the dominance of riverine input. Conversely, during the high tide, river nutrient concentrations were lowered by the mixing of fresh water with sea wat...
Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems and play a significant role in the ecological ... more Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems and play a significant role in the ecological balance. The Kabar Tal (86° 05 ’E to 86° 09 ’E, 25°30 ’N to 25° 32′) wetland is the largest freshwater lake in Northern Bihar. Owing to anthropogenic pressures the sediment and water quality of Kabar Tal has been adversely affected. In order to study the distribution of trace metals, twenty five (25) surface sediments were analysed. The average concentration of trace metal in sediments followed the trend Fe>Mn>Pb>Ni>Co>Cu>Cd. For assessing the degree of pollution in Kabar Tal sediments concentration factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated. These indexes indicate that Kabar Tal is extremely contaminated with respect to Cd. The PLI value indicates that the lake is polluted. In addition, the sequential extraction of sedimentary phosphorus was performed for different fractions of Phosphorus as Non-Apa...
Mangroves are amongst the most productive ecosystems (2500 mg C d-1) on Earth; are intertidal tro... more Mangroves are amongst the most productive ecosystems (2500 mg C d-1) on Earth; are intertidal tropical ecosystems covering up to 60–75% of the coast, that strongly impact the global carbon budget. Coastal residents rely on mangroves to sustain their traditional cultures, food production, medicines, fishery, where as muddy/sandy sediments of mangroves provide home to a variety of invertebrates. In addition, mangroves protect coastal inhabitants from natural calamities like tsunami and cyclones. Organic matter (OM) from both autochthonous and allochthonous sources accumulates in estuarine systems. These organic compounds derive from coastal wetlands and/or salt marsh, mangrove forests, benthic vegetation, riverine sediments, and freshwater and marine phytoplankton. While mangrove ecosystems are a source of organic carbon and nutrients to adjacent coastal systems on one hand they are also a sedimentary sink for organic carbon. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of a combine...
The eastern coast of India harbours a number of mangrove forests, which are now under stress due ... more The eastern coast of India harbours a number of mangrove forests, which are now under stress due to climate change-induced sea level rise; sea level is steadily increasing at a rate of 9―12 cm year -1 . Current projections for sea level rise are about 0.4―0.9 m; this will have a devastating effect on Indian mangroves. There is significant variability in local C, N and P chemistry, and the accumulation and export of these nutrients are due to changes in land use patterns and rising sea level. Seasonal variations control sediment-associated trace metals, organic C, total N, and total P, and reflect spatial and temporal differences in sedimentary organic production. Population dynamics of polysaline species have changed drastically due to varying inputs of autochthonous sediments from land and salt water inundation/intrusion, mainly at the seaward ends of the mangrove forests. The nutrient-rich sediments create a breeding and fishing ground for various ecologically and economically imp...
Siderophores (Gk iron carriers) are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by bacter... more Siderophores (Gk iron carriers) are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi, and plants that have strong binding affinity for iron. Owing to their iron-chelating ability, they are produced mainly when the organism faces iron scarcity. The present study empirically investigated the importance of applying hydroxamate siderophore extracted from Aspergillus nidulans to the cells of Bacillus subtilis for bioremediation of cadmium salt. This investigation deals with siderophore-mediated intracellular Cd accumulation by bacterial cells, growth estimation, biochemical assays like lipid peroxidation, total protein content, carbohydrate content, and iron content estimation. In silico docking and STRING analyses revealed specific interaction between Aspergillus siderophore and receptors present on B. subtilis. Estimation of intracellular Cd by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed more accumulation of Cd ions by B. subtilis in the presence of hydroxamate siderophore. This suggests a possibility of confiscating environmental Cd2+ by utilizing metal chelation property of siderophores and hence can lead to emerging bioremediation mechanisms for heavy metals. In silico studies support experimental investigation and suggest higher affinity of siderophore for Cd ions as compared with ferric ions.
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging, highly transmissible, and pathogenic coronavirus in humans, which... more SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging, highly transmissible, and pathogenic coronavirus in humans, which has caused global public health emergency and economic crisis. To date, millions of infections and thousands of deaths have been reported worldwide, and the numbers continue to rise. Currently, there is no specific drug or vaccine against this deadly virus; therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the mechanism through which this deadly virus enters the host cell. Viral entry into the host cell is a multistep process in which SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the receptor binding domain of the spike glycoprotein (S) to recognize ACE2 receptors on the human cells; this initiates the host cell entry by promoting the viral-host cell membrane fusion through large scale conformational changes in the S protein. Receptor recognition and fusion are critical and essential steps of viral infections and are key determinants of the viral host range and cross-species transmission. In this review, we summ...
This study was aimed to assess soil nutrient status, heavy metal content, and their impact on pho... more This study was aimed to assess soil nutrient status, heavy metal content, and their impact on phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as well as to determine relationship between PSB and coliform in soils of urban area of Patna town during monsoon and winter. The eight sampling areas are included for study namely Bazar Samiti (S1), Moin-ul-Haq Stadium (S2), Agamkuan (S3), Kumhrar (S4), Beur Jail (S5), Phulwari Sharif (S6), BIT Campus (S7), and Danapur (S8). Nutrients, such as carbon, phosphorus, and potassium, varied with seasons and sites. The average concentration of heavy metals for monsoon followed the order Mn > Zn > Co > Pb > Cu > Ni > Hg, while for winter the order was Mn > Zn > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > Hg, whereas Cd was below detection limit (0.1 ppm) in all sites. To evaluate the degree of pollution in soils of Patna region contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated. An elevated concentration of Mn and Zn was reported on most of the sites; however, PLI showed that soils have become polluted with heavy metals. In addition, enumeration of bacterial cells revealed that PSB grew efficiently in winter when pH (6 to 6.8) was low, which might be due to production of organic acids, and coliform count was moderate to low. The negative correlation between PSB and coliform in winter suggests that both the species are competitor of each other.
In middle Gangetic plain, high arsenic concentration is present in water, which causes a signific... more In middle Gangetic plain, high arsenic concentration is present in water, which causes a significant health risk. Total 48 morphologically distinct arsenite resistant bacteria were isolated from middle Gangetic plain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of arsenite varied widely in the range 1-15 mM of the isolates. On the basis of their MIC, two isolates, AK1 (KY569423) and AK9 (KY569424) were selected. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of selected isolates revealed that they are belong to the genus. The AgNOtest based microplate method revealed that isolates, AK1 and AK9, have potential in transformation of arsenic species. Further, the presence ofandgenes in the both isolated strain AK1 and AK9 was confirmed, which play an important role in arsenic bioremediation by arsenite oxidation. Isolated strains also showed heavy metal resistance against Cr(IV), Ni(II), Co(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ag(I) and Cd(II).
This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water... more This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water samples of a newly designated Ramsar site, namely Kabar Tal (KT) wetland of Bihar. Samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. The analytical and GIS results show that concentration of electrical conductivity, chloride, and nitrate are higher in summer than monsoon and winter. However, the concentration of major cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are higher in winter than monsoon and summer. In addition, major anions like sulphate and phosphate concentration is higher during monsoon than summer and winter. Multivariate statistical tool (discriminant analysis) results suggest that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate, and potassium are the major parameters distinguishing the water quality in different seasons. The study confirms that seasonal variations are playing a major role in the hydrochemistry of KT wetland. Overall, this work outlines the approach towards proper conservation and utilization of wetlands and to assess the quality of surface water for determining its suitability for agricultural purposes. Overall, this work highlights the approach towards estimating the seasonal dynamics of chemical species in KT wetland and its suitability for irrigation purposes.
... (Kathiresan, 2000). A total of 22 species of seaweeds and 3 species of sea grasses have also ... more ... (Kathiresan, 2000). A total of 22 species of seaweeds and 3 species of sea grasses have also been identified in these mangroves (Kathiresan, 2000). Notably, the Pichavaram complex is one of the best examples of a degrading mangrove ecosystem (Kathiresan, 2000, 2002). ...
The present study was undertaken to explore the immunohistochemical localisation of TRPV6 calcium... more The present study was undertaken to explore the immunohistochemical localisation of TRPV6 calcium channels in rabbit gut epithelium that are actively involved in calcium absorption. To undertake the research, twelve apparently healthy adult female rabbits with a body weight between 1.0 to 1.5 kg were procured, acclimatised and divided into two groups: control and test. Both groups were kept on same feed along with exogenous calcium supplementation in test group animals only. The serum calcium level revealed that normally a high value of serum calcium is maintained in the rabbit as compared to other mammals, thus indicating that the homeostatic mechanism might be poorly developed. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the caecum was the site of maximum calcium absorption in rabbit, followed by the duodenum and jejunum. The expression pattern of TRPV6 protein/mRNA was weaker in test group animals than in the control group, indi...
This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water... more This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water samples of a newly designated Ramsar site, namely Kabar Tal (KT) wetland of Bihar. Samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. The analytical and GIS results show that concentration of electrical conductivity, chloride, and nitrate are higher in summer than monsoon and winter. However, the concentration of major cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are higher in winter than monsoon and summer. In addition, major anions like sulphate and phosphate concentration is higher during monsoon than summer and winter. Multivariate statistical tool (discriminant analysis) results suggest that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate, and potassium are the major parameters distinguishing the water quality in different seasons. The study confirms that seasonal variations are playing a major role in the hydrochemistry of KT wetland. Overall, this ...
The present investigation deals with diurnal studies in order to understand the impact of cyclic ... more The present investigation deals with diurnal studies in order to understand the impact of cyclic tidal insurgence, if any, as well as to delineate the factors controlling the water quality in Sundarban Mangroves Ecosystem, India. Water samples were collected on an hourly basis from locations representing the land use pattern and subsequently analyzed for nutrients. Studies reveal that the water samples were slightly alkaline in nature irrespective of the locations, with a high electrical conductivity and the total dissolved solids load. Sodium was the most dominant cation accounting for 71–80% of the cationic load whereas chloride was found to be the dominant anion in the samples. During the ebb flow, a significant increase in dissolved-silicaand nitrate concentrations was observed at intertidal and the sub-tidal stations, suggesting the dominance of riverine input. Conversely, during the high tide, river nutrient concentrations were lowered by the mixing of fresh water with sea wat...
Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems and play a significant role in the ecological ... more Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems and play a significant role in the ecological balance. The Kabar Tal (86° 05 ’E to 86° 09 ’E, 25°30 ’N to 25° 32′) wetland is the largest freshwater lake in Northern Bihar. Owing to anthropogenic pressures the sediment and water quality of Kabar Tal has been adversely affected. In order to study the distribution of trace metals, twenty five (25) surface sediments were analysed. The average concentration of trace metal in sediments followed the trend Fe>Mn>Pb>Ni>Co>Cu>Cd. For assessing the degree of pollution in Kabar Tal sediments concentration factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated. These indexes indicate that Kabar Tal is extremely contaminated with respect to Cd. The PLI value indicates that the lake is polluted. In addition, the sequential extraction of sedimentary phosphorus was performed for different fractions of Phosphorus as Non-Apa...
Mangroves are amongst the most productive ecosystems (2500 mg C d-1) on Earth; are intertidal tro... more Mangroves are amongst the most productive ecosystems (2500 mg C d-1) on Earth; are intertidal tropical ecosystems covering up to 60–75% of the coast, that strongly impact the global carbon budget. Coastal residents rely on mangroves to sustain their traditional cultures, food production, medicines, fishery, where as muddy/sandy sediments of mangroves provide home to a variety of invertebrates. In addition, mangroves protect coastal inhabitants from natural calamities like tsunami and cyclones. Organic matter (OM) from both autochthonous and allochthonous sources accumulates in estuarine systems. These organic compounds derive from coastal wetlands and/or salt marsh, mangrove forests, benthic vegetation, riverine sediments, and freshwater and marine phytoplankton. While mangrove ecosystems are a source of organic carbon and nutrients to adjacent coastal systems on one hand they are also a sedimentary sink for organic carbon. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of a combine...
The eastern coast of India harbours a number of mangrove forests, which are now under stress due ... more The eastern coast of India harbours a number of mangrove forests, which are now under stress due to climate change-induced sea level rise; sea level is steadily increasing at a rate of 9―12 cm year -1 . Current projections for sea level rise are about 0.4―0.9 m; this will have a devastating effect on Indian mangroves. There is significant variability in local C, N and P chemistry, and the accumulation and export of these nutrients are due to changes in land use patterns and rising sea level. Seasonal variations control sediment-associated trace metals, organic C, total N, and total P, and reflect spatial and temporal differences in sedimentary organic production. Population dynamics of polysaline species have changed drastically due to varying inputs of autochthonous sediments from land and salt water inundation/intrusion, mainly at the seaward ends of the mangrove forests. The nutrient-rich sediments create a breeding and fishing ground for various ecologically and economically imp...
Siderophores (Gk iron carriers) are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by bacter... more Siderophores (Gk iron carriers) are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by bacteria, fungi, and plants that have strong binding affinity for iron. Owing to their iron-chelating ability, they are produced mainly when the organism faces iron scarcity. The present study empirically investigated the importance of applying hydroxamate siderophore extracted from Aspergillus nidulans to the cells of Bacillus subtilis for bioremediation of cadmium salt. This investigation deals with siderophore-mediated intracellular Cd accumulation by bacterial cells, growth estimation, biochemical assays like lipid peroxidation, total protein content, carbohydrate content, and iron content estimation. In silico docking and STRING analyses revealed specific interaction between Aspergillus siderophore and receptors present on B. subtilis. Estimation of intracellular Cd by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed more accumulation of Cd ions by B. subtilis in the presence of hydroxamate siderophore. This suggests a possibility of confiscating environmental Cd2+ by utilizing metal chelation property of siderophores and hence can lead to emerging bioremediation mechanisms for heavy metals. In silico studies support experimental investigation and suggest higher affinity of siderophore for Cd ions as compared with ferric ions.
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging, highly transmissible, and pathogenic coronavirus in humans, which... more SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging, highly transmissible, and pathogenic coronavirus in humans, which has caused global public health emergency and economic crisis. To date, millions of infections and thousands of deaths have been reported worldwide, and the numbers continue to rise. Currently, there is no specific drug or vaccine against this deadly virus; therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the mechanism through which this deadly virus enters the host cell. Viral entry into the host cell is a multistep process in which SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the receptor binding domain of the spike glycoprotein (S) to recognize ACE2 receptors on the human cells; this initiates the host cell entry by promoting the viral-host cell membrane fusion through large scale conformational changes in the S protein. Receptor recognition and fusion are critical and essential steps of viral infections and are key determinants of the viral host range and cross-species transmission. In this review, we summ...
This study was aimed to assess soil nutrient status, heavy metal content, and their impact on pho... more This study was aimed to assess soil nutrient status, heavy metal content, and their impact on phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as well as to determine relationship between PSB and coliform in soils of urban area of Patna town during monsoon and winter. The eight sampling areas are included for study namely Bazar Samiti (S1), Moin-ul-Haq Stadium (S2), Agamkuan (S3), Kumhrar (S4), Beur Jail (S5), Phulwari Sharif (S6), BIT Campus (S7), and Danapur (S8). Nutrients, such as carbon, phosphorus, and potassium, varied with seasons and sites. The average concentration of heavy metals for monsoon followed the order Mn > Zn > Co > Pb > Cu > Ni > Hg, while for winter the order was Mn > Zn > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > Hg, whereas Cd was below detection limit (0.1 ppm) in all sites. To evaluate the degree of pollution in soils of Patna region contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated. An elevated concentration of Mn and Zn was reported on most of the sites; however, PLI showed that soils have become polluted with heavy metals. In addition, enumeration of bacterial cells revealed that PSB grew efficiently in winter when pH (6 to 6.8) was low, which might be due to production of organic acids, and coliform count was moderate to low. The negative correlation between PSB and coliform in winter suggests that both the species are competitor of each other.
In middle Gangetic plain, high arsenic concentration is present in water, which causes a signific... more In middle Gangetic plain, high arsenic concentration is present in water, which causes a significant health risk. Total 48 morphologically distinct arsenite resistant bacteria were isolated from middle Gangetic plain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of arsenite varied widely in the range 1-15 mM of the isolates. On the basis of their MIC, two isolates, AK1 (KY569423) and AK9 (KY569424) were selected. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of selected isolates revealed that they are belong to the genus. The AgNOtest based microplate method revealed that isolates, AK1 and AK9, have potential in transformation of arsenic species. Further, the presence ofandgenes in the both isolated strain AK1 and AK9 was confirmed, which play an important role in arsenic bioremediation by arsenite oxidation. Isolated strains also showed heavy metal resistance against Cr(IV), Ni(II), Co(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ag(I) and Cd(II).
This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water... more This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water samples of a newly designated Ramsar site, namely Kabar Tal (KT) wetland of Bihar. Samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. The analytical and GIS results show that concentration of electrical conductivity, chloride, and nitrate are higher in summer than monsoon and winter. However, the concentration of major cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are higher in winter than monsoon and summer. In addition, major anions like sulphate and phosphate concentration is higher during monsoon than summer and winter. Multivariate statistical tool (discriminant analysis) results suggest that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate, and potassium are the major parameters distinguishing the water quality in different seasons. The study confirms that seasonal variations are playing a major role in the hydrochemistry of KT wetland. Overall, this work outlines the approach towards proper conservation and utilization of wetlands and to assess the quality of surface water for determining its suitability for agricultural purposes. Overall, this work highlights the approach towards estimating the seasonal dynamics of chemical species in KT wetland and its suitability for irrigation purposes.
... (Kathiresan, 2000). A total of 22 species of seaweeds and 3 species of sea grasses have also ... more ... (Kathiresan, 2000). A total of 22 species of seaweeds and 3 species of sea grasses have also been identified in these mangroves (Kathiresan, 2000). Notably, the Pichavaram complex is one of the best examples of a degrading mangrove ecosystem (Kathiresan, 2000, 2002). ...
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Papers by Rajesh Kumar Ranjan