Paramjit Kaur, Dr Munmun Mondal , Dr Amita Gupta, 2024
From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, Kasimbazar emerged as the English East India Company's ... more From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, Kasimbazar emerged as the English East India Company's (EIC) primary market for silk and its textiles. The region surrounding Kasimbazar was prolific in producing silk goods destined for export. Attracted by Bengal silk's substantial profitability, EIC's directors in London envisaged an expansion to regions with existing infrastructure capable of delivering high-quality raw silk and textiles. Subsequently, Mr. Streynsham Master was dispatched to Bengal as a special envoy to strategize this expansion. The establishment of the EIC's sixth factory at Malda directly resulted from this mission. However, the nascent years of the Malda settlement were fraught with challenges, leading company officials to perceive Malda as a subordinate to Hooghly and Kasimbazar with uncertain business potential. But, within two decades, consistent profits began to reshape this perception. Up until the key shifts in 1898 and 1899-EIC acquiring zamindary rights in Calcutta, establishing Fort William as the English headquarters, and the subsequent relocation of the subah capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad in 1706-interactions with local provincial rulers were mired in extortion and bribery. Nonetheless, the handsome profit margins painted a promising outlook for the EIC's future in the region. This paper delves into the initial 25 years after the Malda factory's inception. It evaluates the hurdles faced; the resolutions reached-whether through diplomacy or through petitions to distant Dhaka-the appointment of dadani merchants, the inclusion of pykers, and most notably, the trajectory of business growth and profits during this period.
This paper investigates the literary patronage extended by the nobility during the Sultanate Peri... more This paper investigates the literary patronage extended by the nobility during the Sultanate Period of medieval India, with a particular emphasis on the contributions of Minhaj-i-Siraj, the author of Tabaqat-i-Nasiri (1259-60). Minhaj-i-Siraj, a renowned Persian historian of the 13th century, holds a significant place in the annals of medieval Indian historiography. The paper begins by contextualizing the socio-political milieu of the Sultanate Period, highlighting the emergence of a vibrant courtly culture characterized by the patronage of scholars, poets, and historians and production of literary works within the noble circles. It aims to delineate Minhaj-i-Siraj's distinctive approach, thematic emphasis, and narrative style that individualized him from other historian of that time like Barani, Ibn Batuta, and Ferishta. From the portrayal of rulers and court intrigues to the depiction of societal norms and religious dynamics, this paper illuminates the distinctive historiographical landscapes crafted by Minhaj-i-Siraj. Furthermore, paper explores the life, works, and contributions of Minhaj-i-Siraj, shedding light on his invaluable role as a chronicler of his time. It strive to illuminate Minhaj-i-Siraj's enduring influence on our understanding of medieval Indian history and his significance as a luminary of Persian historiography.
Dr. Amita Gupta, Rooman Roy Chowdhury , Dr. Kasuba Sirisha, Dr. Santosh Kumar Yadav, 2024
The 19 th century State of Hyderabad was a melting pot of cultures and people of different hues. ... more The 19 th century State of Hyderabad was a melting pot of cultures and people of different hues. The state had adopted a policy of absorbing talent from across the vast realms of the country in its bid to strengthen and enrich its administration and promote growth of the state. This influx of people led to the shaping of a composite culture. This culture was an inclusive culture of many layers and proportions. Academicians, military personnel, administrators, physicians, legal professionals etc. from different parts of the country made Hyderabad their home. Scholars' familiar with this position of the state, attribute this influx to the creation of a later period phenomenon known as the Mulki agitation. The intervening years of 1948-1956 in the history of Hyderabad, was witness to major structural changes in the socio-cultural and economic hierarchy of the state. Aspects which defined Hyderabad's identity in terms of its composite culture, aristocracy and feudal character were put to test during this period. This paper attempts to revisit and understand the nature of reconfiguration of this social structure especially among the nobility, and through case studies of three very prominent aristocratic families of deccan namely, (1) Mohi ud doulas-religious scholar and physician-family which traces its lineage to Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiqui (RA), (2) Mohd. Fazaullah Siddiqui-Chief Justice of Hyderabad High court and (3) Ghulam Ghouse Khan-governor-Aurangabad (then part of Nizams territory) beknown their identity, contribution and subsequent loss of the same during the transitioning years in the state of Hyderabad.
Dr. Amita Gupta, Ms. Rooman Roy Chowdhury, Dr. Kasuba Sirisha, Dr. Kaluvoya Anitha, 2024
Digitization of Museums is an ongoing process since the beginning of the 21st century. With growt... more Digitization of Museums is an ongoing process since the beginning of the 21st century. With growth, expansion and diversification in the sector of information technology digitalization has become a necessity, for even institutions that deal with heritage and culture like museums. Today it has become an all-pervasive phenomenon and adopting digital technology, enables museums to attract visitors far and wide today. As the trend is gathering momentum universally, there are numerous studies and research undertaken, in the areas impacted by this phenomenon, with museums being no exceptions. The challenge and economics of developing, digitizing, and maintaining Indian museums and art galleries thus merits a detailed study. Keeping these challenges in mind, a research study was undertaken to determine the "Challenges and Economic hurdles in Digital Age: A study of Salar Jung Museum, India". As part of the study, in-depth interviews with the Salarjungs Museum Curator, Librarian, administration department, and social media manager were conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and data was analysed in a qualitative manner. This study concludes that Salarjungs Museum is challenged by economics of digitization and maintenance. Though, the museum team is taking positive steps towards reaching to the populace across the board by effectively digitalizing the entire museum, the fact remains that for a museum like the Salarjung Museum, digital support is used to only enhance user's physical experience and this presents its own set of challenges and limitations.
Modern economies are centered on electricity, which is also contributing to an increasing amount ... more Modern economies are centered on electricity, which is also contributing to an increasing amount of energy services. As a result of increased household incomes, electrification of transport and rising demand for digital connected devices and air conditioning, there will be a rise in the need for energy. Residential electricity consumption in India has tripled over the past few decades with houses having access to uninterrupted power supply. This study is conducted in order to understand the determinants of electricity consumption such as income, family size, stock of electrical appliances, size of dwellings and their influence on consumer's electricity consumption. It also seeks to examine if the consumers are willing to reduce their electricity consumption and are interested in shifting to renewable energy resources considering the costs involved in shifting to more sustainable energies. Due to the nature of power, which is invisible from the moment it was discovered, as well as consumer attitudes and behavior, saving electricity may appear to be a challenging undertaking. However, if the consumer acquires a basic understanding of what electricity is, how it is utilized, and, more significantly, how energy is wasted, the problem might become very simple. This will make consumers more aware of wasteful electricity use and perhaps encourage them to modify their daily consumption of electricity.
Women have always played an essential role in the socio-cultural life of society. Women of the Su... more Women have always played an essential role in the socio-cultural life of society. Women of the Sultanate period not only centred their activities around household chores but also on socio-cultural and religious development. Women get negligible attention in historical work, especially in the sociocultural development in the Sultanate period. The paper aims to discuss their role in uplifting society and women in particular. Various primary and secondary sources, as well as paintings, show women's socio-culture and political role in the Sultanate period. They took keen interest in the propagation of education and developing various skills like weaving, pottery etc. Besides this, they were also trained in using swords, shields, wrestling, musical instrument etc. They also took keen interest in religious activities and were known for their religious and spiritual positions. Women of royal families also participate in the state's political affairs and assume important positions.
The history of European trade in Asia pre-date the discovery of the Cape route by the Portuguese,... more The history of European trade in Asia pre-date the discovery of the Cape route by the Portuguese, but undoubtedly this new route gave the thrust in extensive and bulk trading, especially when two north Atlantic powers joined the Portuguese, namely the Dutch and English East India companies. On the other hand, Bengal as a Mughal' subah' already had a rich and prosperous mercantile culture where Bengali traders were engaged with Sumatra, Malay, Java, Arab, Persia and China. Bengal also had a rich geographical and environmental advantage in the form of numerous navigable water channels and conducive weather for agriculture, which made agricultural produce surplus and other job options possible, thus creating a large body of artisans, weavers, bankers, merchants etc. With the Portuguese involved in the trade of the Bay of Bengal, its products reached Europe and over the years, there was a market-ready in Europe for certain kinds of products from Bengal, namely textiles and silk. This vast European market with meagre supply made Dutch and English enthused to enter the Asian market, and their vigorous and disciplined way of functions, very different from Portuguese unruly, powerdriven and disruptive nature, made them successful in small time. Slowly, the composition of goods exported from Bengal changed based on the heightened demand of Europe. With an already established local banking and financial system, this gave Bengal its most prosperous two hundred years, when European import reached its peak in return for bullion and gold. This is a collection of review papers based on secondary sources where we inquire into the world of economy, trade, communication, and industrialization-European as well as indigenous, the interconnection and interdependence between different political and economic forces in Bengal in the period under review.
Pedagogy is a teaching method in which teachers teach both theory and practice. Pedagogy is shape... more Pedagogy is a teaching method in which teachers teach both theory and practice. Pedagogy is shaped by the educational beliefs of educators and incorporates their understanding of cultures and different learning styles. It is important that students build on their previous learning and build the meaningful class relationship. Pedagogy refers to the way in which students are taught, whether in theory or practice in education. It is the relationship between culture and learning technology. The main goal of pedagogy is to build on the student's previous learning and address the development of the learner's skills and attitudes. Pedagogy enables students to fully understand the subject matter and helps them apply what they have learned to their daily lives outside the classroom. The quality of education can dramatically improve when well-thought-out pedagogy is implemented in the classroom. This benefits students by helping them to fully understand the subject matter, thereby improving their learning outcomes. Pedagogy and child development are closely related. This helps students think differently and learn beyond traditional memorization and comprehension methods. It evokes complex learning processes such as student analysis, creative thinking and assessment. Also, students are more receptive to what teachers are teaching.
The paper examines the urban context of Jalandhar city, Punjab, India. It has examined various as... more The paper examines the urban context of Jalandhar city, Punjab, India. It has examined various aspects of urban morphology, demographic pattern, land use and land cover pattern of the city. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are frequently used to track and map these changes as well as to evaluate the development of urbanisation. The urban expansion over the previous three decades was thoroughly examined using Resourcesat-1/Resourcesat-2: LISS III Ortho photos from 2009 and 2019. how the environment is being harmed by urbanisation. The findings showed a sizable shift in the urban population within and surrounding the metropolis. A large portion of agricultural land has seen a rise in the built-up area. The main factors accelerating the expansion of urban land usage have been the rapid rise in population, industrialization, and increased income returns.
During the medieval period, Kishtwar was an important state among the Punjab Hill states. The sta... more During the medieval period, Kishtwar was an important state among the Punjab Hill states. The state of Kishtwar was inhabited by people belonging to various faiths, i.e., Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism. Many religious institutions, like Temples and Monasteries, had been established since ancient times. With the advent of Islam in Kishtwar during the medieval period, a number of Mosques were constructed. Many religious institutions of the Muslims were built during the period of Farid-ud-din Baghdadi, a Sufi saint from Baghdad. The people were greatly influenced by the life and teachings of the Sufi saint and visited his abode, which later on became a famous Ziarat. With the coming of Sufi saints, Kishtwar witnessed a mixed religious culture, secular in character, with great reverence for the religion of people other than their own. A number of common religious practices existed among the people professing different faiths, e.g., fasting and animal sacrifice. The tribal people like Gaddis and Backcrawls professed Hinduism and Islam, respectively. The people believed in various rituals like Panchui, which was associated with the Hindu religion. NeelKanth God, Ashtdash Buja Devi and Durga Devi were worshipped. The Ziarat of Farid-uddin became a focal point for the people of Kishtwar, Rajouri and Punch. Different religious institutions gave birth to a composite culture in Kishtwar. These institutions were the focal points for the religious beliefs and practices of the people of Kishtwar. The people celebrated and worshipped different gods and even water in different forms like rivers, springs etc.
The Paradigms of Indigenous life fold in Sikkim after Post-Independence, 2022
Using the case of the Bhutias, the Lepchas, the Limboos and the Nepalese who are defined as tribe... more Using the case of the Bhutias, the Lepchas, the Limboos and the Nepalese who are defined as tribes in contemporary Sikkim, this article discusses about being indigenous. The cultural politics transforming a group into a tribe and a 'Scheduled Tribe' reflects its political strength and power to influence the regime of representation in order to appropriate preferential entitlements and resources.
Political Conditions of Kishtwar and Its Relations with The Mughal Emperor During The 17th Century, Aug 5, 2022
The political conditions of Kishtwar and its relations with the Mughal Emperors during the 17th c... more The political conditions of Kishtwar and its relations with the Mughal Emperors during the 17th century were greatly motivated by its geographical conditions and its location. Kishtwar was one of the Punjab Hill states. It was surrounded by high mountains and big rivers e.g., Chandrabhaga. Kahan Sen was the first historical ruler of Kishtwar who annexed power from the Panjasasis in the 5th century A.D. The political condition of Kishtwar was also influenced by the conditions existing in its neighboring states e.g., during the times of war of succession, rebellions, famines etc., the rebels and fugitives used to seek asylum in Kishtwar. The granting of asylum to the rebellious elements resulted in strained relations between the rulers of Kashmir and the rajas of Kishtwar because these rebels indulged in anti-Kashmir activities. The people of Kishtwar were loyal to their rajas and played a vital role in the political conditions in Kishtwar. The rajas of Kishtwar believed in the policy of imperialism which sometimes proved a source of trouble for the state of Kishtwar. The relations of the rajas of Kishtwar with the Mughal emperors played a great role in the political conditions of Kishtwar, which varied from time to time. It affected the political conditions in Kishtwar. The Mughal emperors intervened in the administration by interfering in the succession of the rajas e.g., Jagat Singh was allowed the Tika by the Mughal emperor. The political conditions of Kishtwar led to the spread of mixed cultures in Kishtwar. Due to political conditions and under the influence of Sufi saints, the rajas of Kishtwar embraced Islam but at the same time used the services of Purohits and assigned the grants to the temples.
India is the second-largest country according to (ethnographic report) in the world records histo... more India is the second-largest country according to (ethnographic report) in the world records historical heritage which is worthy to be recognized. The socio-cultural and economic diversification of the country made it forefront among developing countries. The present study has great concern with the historical epoch of the Tribe in Sikkim to determine their uniqueness in socio-cultural and economic heritage. The study became reality through consultation of related documents to determine the history and the role of Sikkim inhabitants in promoting the socio-cultural status of the country. The study found that the Magar people have not only anthropological similarities with Chinese people but came from China; It further indicates the spread of the Magar tribe across the nook and cranny of the Sikkim area made it a dominant group in the area with uniqueness in the economic activities in the area.
The focus of indigenous knowledge is on how to maintain harmonious coexistence between the member... more The focus of indigenous knowledge is on how to maintain harmonious coexistence between the members of the community, between the community and the forces it is confronted with in its environment, and, as well, maintaining a harmonious balance between tradition and modernizing. The author then explains that education in this sense is not only of a formal, nonformal, and alternative nature but a living experience occurring between individuals and elders, individuals and designated guides, and individuals and nature (i.e., including the forces shaping the nature of existence). Therefore, education for the tribal cultures of Northeast India is akin to a treasure house of knowledge, wisdom, and intricate cultural narratives, resilient social structures, and insightful systems for human growth and development that have stood the test of time.
Paramjit Kaur, Dr Munmun Mondal , Dr Amita Gupta, 2024
From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, Kasimbazar emerged as the English East India Company's ... more From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, Kasimbazar emerged as the English East India Company's (EIC) primary market for silk and its textiles. The region surrounding Kasimbazar was prolific in producing silk goods destined for export. Attracted by Bengal silk's substantial profitability, EIC's directors in London envisaged an expansion to regions with existing infrastructure capable of delivering high-quality raw silk and textiles. Subsequently, Mr. Streynsham Master was dispatched to Bengal as a special envoy to strategize this expansion. The establishment of the EIC's sixth factory at Malda directly resulted from this mission. However, the nascent years of the Malda settlement were fraught with challenges, leading company officials to perceive Malda as a subordinate to Hooghly and Kasimbazar with uncertain business potential. But, within two decades, consistent profits began to reshape this perception. Up until the key shifts in 1898 and 1899-EIC acquiring zamindary rights in Calcutta, establishing Fort William as the English headquarters, and the subsequent relocation of the subah capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad in 1706-interactions with local provincial rulers were mired in extortion and bribery. Nonetheless, the handsome profit margins painted a promising outlook for the EIC's future in the region. This paper delves into the initial 25 years after the Malda factory's inception. It evaluates the hurdles faced; the resolutions reached-whether through diplomacy or through petitions to distant Dhaka-the appointment of dadani merchants, the inclusion of pykers, and most notably, the trajectory of business growth and profits during this period.
This paper investigates the literary patronage extended by the nobility during the Sultanate Peri... more This paper investigates the literary patronage extended by the nobility during the Sultanate Period of medieval India, with a particular emphasis on the contributions of Minhaj-i-Siraj, the author of Tabaqat-i-Nasiri (1259-60). Minhaj-i-Siraj, a renowned Persian historian of the 13th century, holds a significant place in the annals of medieval Indian historiography. The paper begins by contextualizing the socio-political milieu of the Sultanate Period, highlighting the emergence of a vibrant courtly culture characterized by the patronage of scholars, poets, and historians and production of literary works within the noble circles. It aims to delineate Minhaj-i-Siraj's distinctive approach, thematic emphasis, and narrative style that individualized him from other historian of that time like Barani, Ibn Batuta, and Ferishta. From the portrayal of rulers and court intrigues to the depiction of societal norms and religious dynamics, this paper illuminates the distinctive historiographical landscapes crafted by Minhaj-i-Siraj. Furthermore, paper explores the life, works, and contributions of Minhaj-i-Siraj, shedding light on his invaluable role as a chronicler of his time. It strive to illuminate Minhaj-i-Siraj's enduring influence on our understanding of medieval Indian history and his significance as a luminary of Persian historiography.
Dr. Amita Gupta, Rooman Roy Chowdhury , Dr. Kasuba Sirisha, Dr. Santosh Kumar Yadav, 2024
The 19 th century State of Hyderabad was a melting pot of cultures and people of different hues. ... more The 19 th century State of Hyderabad was a melting pot of cultures and people of different hues. The state had adopted a policy of absorbing talent from across the vast realms of the country in its bid to strengthen and enrich its administration and promote growth of the state. This influx of people led to the shaping of a composite culture. This culture was an inclusive culture of many layers and proportions. Academicians, military personnel, administrators, physicians, legal professionals etc. from different parts of the country made Hyderabad their home. Scholars' familiar with this position of the state, attribute this influx to the creation of a later period phenomenon known as the Mulki agitation. The intervening years of 1948-1956 in the history of Hyderabad, was witness to major structural changes in the socio-cultural and economic hierarchy of the state. Aspects which defined Hyderabad's identity in terms of its composite culture, aristocracy and feudal character were put to test during this period. This paper attempts to revisit and understand the nature of reconfiguration of this social structure especially among the nobility, and through case studies of three very prominent aristocratic families of deccan namely, (1) Mohi ud doulas-religious scholar and physician-family which traces its lineage to Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiqui (RA), (2) Mohd. Fazaullah Siddiqui-Chief Justice of Hyderabad High court and (3) Ghulam Ghouse Khan-governor-Aurangabad (then part of Nizams territory) beknown their identity, contribution and subsequent loss of the same during the transitioning years in the state of Hyderabad.
Dr. Amita Gupta, Ms. Rooman Roy Chowdhury, Dr. Kasuba Sirisha, Dr. Kaluvoya Anitha, 2024
Digitization of Museums is an ongoing process since the beginning of the 21st century. With growt... more Digitization of Museums is an ongoing process since the beginning of the 21st century. With growth, expansion and diversification in the sector of information technology digitalization has become a necessity, for even institutions that deal with heritage and culture like museums. Today it has become an all-pervasive phenomenon and adopting digital technology, enables museums to attract visitors far and wide today. As the trend is gathering momentum universally, there are numerous studies and research undertaken, in the areas impacted by this phenomenon, with museums being no exceptions. The challenge and economics of developing, digitizing, and maintaining Indian museums and art galleries thus merits a detailed study. Keeping these challenges in mind, a research study was undertaken to determine the "Challenges and Economic hurdles in Digital Age: A study of Salar Jung Museum, India". As part of the study, in-depth interviews with the Salarjungs Museum Curator, Librarian, administration department, and social media manager were conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and data was analysed in a qualitative manner. This study concludes that Salarjungs Museum is challenged by economics of digitization and maintenance. Though, the museum team is taking positive steps towards reaching to the populace across the board by effectively digitalizing the entire museum, the fact remains that for a museum like the Salarjung Museum, digital support is used to only enhance user's physical experience and this presents its own set of challenges and limitations.
Modern economies are centered on electricity, which is also contributing to an increasing amount ... more Modern economies are centered on electricity, which is also contributing to an increasing amount of energy services. As a result of increased household incomes, electrification of transport and rising demand for digital connected devices and air conditioning, there will be a rise in the need for energy. Residential electricity consumption in India has tripled over the past few decades with houses having access to uninterrupted power supply. This study is conducted in order to understand the determinants of electricity consumption such as income, family size, stock of electrical appliances, size of dwellings and their influence on consumer's electricity consumption. It also seeks to examine if the consumers are willing to reduce their electricity consumption and are interested in shifting to renewable energy resources considering the costs involved in shifting to more sustainable energies. Due to the nature of power, which is invisible from the moment it was discovered, as well as consumer attitudes and behavior, saving electricity may appear to be a challenging undertaking. However, if the consumer acquires a basic understanding of what electricity is, how it is utilized, and, more significantly, how energy is wasted, the problem might become very simple. This will make consumers more aware of wasteful electricity use and perhaps encourage them to modify their daily consumption of electricity.
Women have always played an essential role in the socio-cultural life of society. Women of the Su... more Women have always played an essential role in the socio-cultural life of society. Women of the Sultanate period not only centred their activities around household chores but also on socio-cultural and religious development. Women get negligible attention in historical work, especially in the sociocultural development in the Sultanate period. The paper aims to discuss their role in uplifting society and women in particular. Various primary and secondary sources, as well as paintings, show women's socio-culture and political role in the Sultanate period. They took keen interest in the propagation of education and developing various skills like weaving, pottery etc. Besides this, they were also trained in using swords, shields, wrestling, musical instrument etc. They also took keen interest in religious activities and were known for their religious and spiritual positions. Women of royal families also participate in the state's political affairs and assume important positions.
The history of European trade in Asia pre-date the discovery of the Cape route by the Portuguese,... more The history of European trade in Asia pre-date the discovery of the Cape route by the Portuguese, but undoubtedly this new route gave the thrust in extensive and bulk trading, especially when two north Atlantic powers joined the Portuguese, namely the Dutch and English East India companies. On the other hand, Bengal as a Mughal' subah' already had a rich and prosperous mercantile culture where Bengali traders were engaged with Sumatra, Malay, Java, Arab, Persia and China. Bengal also had a rich geographical and environmental advantage in the form of numerous navigable water channels and conducive weather for agriculture, which made agricultural produce surplus and other job options possible, thus creating a large body of artisans, weavers, bankers, merchants etc. With the Portuguese involved in the trade of the Bay of Bengal, its products reached Europe and over the years, there was a market-ready in Europe for certain kinds of products from Bengal, namely textiles and silk. This vast European market with meagre supply made Dutch and English enthused to enter the Asian market, and their vigorous and disciplined way of functions, very different from Portuguese unruly, powerdriven and disruptive nature, made them successful in small time. Slowly, the composition of goods exported from Bengal changed based on the heightened demand of Europe. With an already established local banking and financial system, this gave Bengal its most prosperous two hundred years, when European import reached its peak in return for bullion and gold. This is a collection of review papers based on secondary sources where we inquire into the world of economy, trade, communication, and industrialization-European as well as indigenous, the interconnection and interdependence between different political and economic forces in Bengal in the period under review.
Pedagogy is a teaching method in which teachers teach both theory and practice. Pedagogy is shape... more Pedagogy is a teaching method in which teachers teach both theory and practice. Pedagogy is shaped by the educational beliefs of educators and incorporates their understanding of cultures and different learning styles. It is important that students build on their previous learning and build the meaningful class relationship. Pedagogy refers to the way in which students are taught, whether in theory or practice in education. It is the relationship between culture and learning technology. The main goal of pedagogy is to build on the student's previous learning and address the development of the learner's skills and attitudes. Pedagogy enables students to fully understand the subject matter and helps them apply what they have learned to their daily lives outside the classroom. The quality of education can dramatically improve when well-thought-out pedagogy is implemented in the classroom. This benefits students by helping them to fully understand the subject matter, thereby improving their learning outcomes. Pedagogy and child development are closely related. This helps students think differently and learn beyond traditional memorization and comprehension methods. It evokes complex learning processes such as student analysis, creative thinking and assessment. Also, students are more receptive to what teachers are teaching.
The paper examines the urban context of Jalandhar city, Punjab, India. It has examined various as... more The paper examines the urban context of Jalandhar city, Punjab, India. It has examined various aspects of urban morphology, demographic pattern, land use and land cover pattern of the city. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are frequently used to track and map these changes as well as to evaluate the development of urbanisation. The urban expansion over the previous three decades was thoroughly examined using Resourcesat-1/Resourcesat-2: LISS III Ortho photos from 2009 and 2019. how the environment is being harmed by urbanisation. The findings showed a sizable shift in the urban population within and surrounding the metropolis. A large portion of agricultural land has seen a rise in the built-up area. The main factors accelerating the expansion of urban land usage have been the rapid rise in population, industrialization, and increased income returns.
During the medieval period, Kishtwar was an important state among the Punjab Hill states. The sta... more During the medieval period, Kishtwar was an important state among the Punjab Hill states. The state of Kishtwar was inhabited by people belonging to various faiths, i.e., Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism. Many religious institutions, like Temples and Monasteries, had been established since ancient times. With the advent of Islam in Kishtwar during the medieval period, a number of Mosques were constructed. Many religious institutions of the Muslims were built during the period of Farid-ud-din Baghdadi, a Sufi saint from Baghdad. The people were greatly influenced by the life and teachings of the Sufi saint and visited his abode, which later on became a famous Ziarat. With the coming of Sufi saints, Kishtwar witnessed a mixed religious culture, secular in character, with great reverence for the religion of people other than their own. A number of common religious practices existed among the people professing different faiths, e.g., fasting and animal sacrifice. The tribal people like Gaddis and Backcrawls professed Hinduism and Islam, respectively. The people believed in various rituals like Panchui, which was associated with the Hindu religion. NeelKanth God, Ashtdash Buja Devi and Durga Devi were worshipped. The Ziarat of Farid-uddin became a focal point for the people of Kishtwar, Rajouri and Punch. Different religious institutions gave birth to a composite culture in Kishtwar. These institutions were the focal points for the religious beliefs and practices of the people of Kishtwar. The people celebrated and worshipped different gods and even water in different forms like rivers, springs etc.
The Paradigms of Indigenous life fold in Sikkim after Post-Independence, 2022
Using the case of the Bhutias, the Lepchas, the Limboos and the Nepalese who are defined as tribe... more Using the case of the Bhutias, the Lepchas, the Limboos and the Nepalese who are defined as tribes in contemporary Sikkim, this article discusses about being indigenous. The cultural politics transforming a group into a tribe and a 'Scheduled Tribe' reflects its political strength and power to influence the regime of representation in order to appropriate preferential entitlements and resources.
Political Conditions of Kishtwar and Its Relations with The Mughal Emperor During The 17th Century, Aug 5, 2022
The political conditions of Kishtwar and its relations with the Mughal Emperors during the 17th c... more The political conditions of Kishtwar and its relations with the Mughal Emperors during the 17th century were greatly motivated by its geographical conditions and its location. Kishtwar was one of the Punjab Hill states. It was surrounded by high mountains and big rivers e.g., Chandrabhaga. Kahan Sen was the first historical ruler of Kishtwar who annexed power from the Panjasasis in the 5th century A.D. The political condition of Kishtwar was also influenced by the conditions existing in its neighboring states e.g., during the times of war of succession, rebellions, famines etc., the rebels and fugitives used to seek asylum in Kishtwar. The granting of asylum to the rebellious elements resulted in strained relations between the rulers of Kashmir and the rajas of Kishtwar because these rebels indulged in anti-Kashmir activities. The people of Kishtwar were loyal to their rajas and played a vital role in the political conditions in Kishtwar. The rajas of Kishtwar believed in the policy of imperialism which sometimes proved a source of trouble for the state of Kishtwar. The relations of the rajas of Kishtwar with the Mughal emperors played a great role in the political conditions of Kishtwar, which varied from time to time. It affected the political conditions in Kishtwar. The Mughal emperors intervened in the administration by interfering in the succession of the rajas e.g., Jagat Singh was allowed the Tika by the Mughal emperor. The political conditions of Kishtwar led to the spread of mixed cultures in Kishtwar. Due to political conditions and under the influence of Sufi saints, the rajas of Kishtwar embraced Islam but at the same time used the services of Purohits and assigned the grants to the temples.
India is the second-largest country according to (ethnographic report) in the world records histo... more India is the second-largest country according to (ethnographic report) in the world records historical heritage which is worthy to be recognized. The socio-cultural and economic diversification of the country made it forefront among developing countries. The present study has great concern with the historical epoch of the Tribe in Sikkim to determine their uniqueness in socio-cultural and economic heritage. The study became reality through consultation of related documents to determine the history and the role of Sikkim inhabitants in promoting the socio-cultural status of the country. The study found that the Magar people have not only anthropological similarities with Chinese people but came from China; It further indicates the spread of the Magar tribe across the nook and cranny of the Sikkim area made it a dominant group in the area with uniqueness in the economic activities in the area.
The focus of indigenous knowledge is on how to maintain harmonious coexistence between the member... more The focus of indigenous knowledge is on how to maintain harmonious coexistence between the members of the community, between the community and the forces it is confronted with in its environment, and, as well, maintaining a harmonious balance between tradition and modernizing. The author then explains that education in this sense is not only of a formal, nonformal, and alternative nature but a living experience occurring between individuals and elders, individuals and designated guides, and individuals and nature (i.e., including the forces shaping the nature of existence). Therefore, education for the tribal cultures of Northeast India is akin to a treasure house of knowledge, wisdom, and intricate cultural narratives, resilient social structures, and insightful systems for human growth and development that have stood the test of time.
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Papers by Dr Amita Gupta
the rajas of Kishtwar with the Mughal emperors played a great role in the political conditions of Kishtwar, which varied from time to time. It affected the political conditions in Kishtwar. The Mughal emperors intervened in the administration by interfering in the succession of the rajas e.g., Jagat Singh was allowed the Tika by the Mughal emperor. The political conditions of Kishtwar led to the spread of mixed cultures in Kishtwar. Due to political conditions and under the influence of Sufi saints, the rajas of Kishtwar embraced Islam but at the same time used the services of Purohits and assigned the grants to the temples.
Books by Dr Amita Gupta
the rajas of Kishtwar with the Mughal emperors played a great role in the political conditions of Kishtwar, which varied from time to time. It affected the political conditions in Kishtwar. The Mughal emperors intervened in the administration by interfering in the succession of the rajas e.g., Jagat Singh was allowed the Tika by the Mughal emperor. The political conditions of Kishtwar led to the spread of mixed cultures in Kishtwar. Due to political conditions and under the influence of Sufi saints, the rajas of Kishtwar embraced Islam but at the same time used the services of Purohits and assigned the grants to the temples.