A B S T R A C T Modern power systems could not exist without the many forms of electricity storag... more A B S T R A C T Modern power systems could not exist without the many forms of electricity storage that can be integrated at different levels of the power chain. In this work, the most important applications in which storage provides technical, economic and environmental benefits such as arbitrage, balancing and reserve power sources, voltage and frequency regulation, investment deferral, cost management and load shaping and leveling, are reviewed. Using a 5-function normalization technique the technical and operational characteristics relating to 18 electrical energy storage (EES) technologies are qualitatively assessed and the technology-application pairs identified across the power chain are presented. In particular, two functions were used to normalize the characteristics expressed in real units, two further functions were used for those in percentage values and one function was used to quantify the technical maturity. For large-scale/energy-management applications pumped hydro is the most reliable energy storage option over compressed-air alternatives whereas flywheel and electromagnetic EES devices are still focused on short-duration/power-based applications including frequency regulation, unin-terruptible power supply, spinning reserve, etc. Encouraged by the appropriate market and regulatory structures, economics enable storing bulk electricity produced by intermittent sources connected to the grid, rather than using it at once. In medium-to-large scales advanced Pb-acid and molten-salt batteries are considered capable of storing distributed electricity, providing the advantage of load leveling of both the supply network and generation plant. In terms of safety and simplicity, Pb-acid and Li-ion systems are viable options for small-scale residential applications, giving consumers an incentive to reduce their time-of-use charges. Apart from their expected use in transportation sector in the forthcoming years, regenerative fuel cells and flow batteries may offer intriguing potential in stationary applications once mature to commercialization.
The accelerated growth of the energy economy is still highly dependent on finite fossil fuel rese... more The accelerated growth of the energy economy is still highly dependent on finite fossil fuel reserves. Modern power systems could not exist without the many forms of electricity storage that can be integrated at different levels of the power chain. This work contains a review of the most important applications in which storage provides electricity-market opportunities along with other benefits such as arbitrage, balancing and reserve power sources, voltage and frequency control, investment deferral, cost management and load shaping and levelling. Using a 5 function normalization technique a comparative assessment of 19 electrical energy storage (EES) technologies, based on their technical and operational characteristics, is carried out and the technology-application pairs identified across the power chain are presented. In terms of safety and simplicity, Pb-acid and Li-ion systems are viable options for small-scale residential applications, while advanced Pb-acid and molten-salt batteries are suited to medium-to-large scale applications including commercial and industrial consumers. In addition to their expected use in the transportation sector in the coming years, regenerative fuel cells and flow batteries have intriguing potential to offer in stationary applications once they are mature for commercialization. For large-scale/energy-management applications, pumped hydro is the most reliable energy storage option (over compressed-air alternatives) whereas flywheels, supercapacitors and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) are still focused on power-based applications. As different parts in the power system involve different stakeholders and services, each technology with its own benefits and weaknesses requires research and development in order to emerge over others and contribute to more effective energy production in the future.
In this work, a parametric cost-benefit analysis concerning the use of integrated gasification co... more In this work, a parametric cost-benefit analysis concerning the use of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology (with and without carbon capture and storage) is carried out. For the analysis, the IPP optimization software is used in which the electricity unit cost from ...
A B S T R A C T Modern power systems could not exist without the many forms of electricity storag... more A B S T R A C T Modern power systems could not exist without the many forms of electricity storage that can be integrated at different levels of the power chain. In this work, the most important applications in which storage provides technical, economic and environmental benefits such as arbitrage, balancing and reserve power sources, voltage and frequency regulation, investment deferral, cost management and load shaping and leveling, are reviewed. Using a 5-function normalization technique the technical and operational characteristics relating to 18 electrical energy storage (EES) technologies are qualitatively assessed and the technology-application pairs identified across the power chain are presented. In particular, two functions were used to normalize the characteristics expressed in real units, two further functions were used for those in percentage values and one function was used to quantify the technical maturity. For large-scale/energy-management applications pumped hydro is the most reliable energy storage option over compressed-air alternatives whereas flywheel and electromagnetic EES devices are still focused on short-duration/power-based applications including frequency regulation, unin-terruptible power supply, spinning reserve, etc. Encouraged by the appropriate market and regulatory structures, economics enable storing bulk electricity produced by intermittent sources connected to the grid, rather than using it at once. In medium-to-large scales advanced Pb-acid and molten-salt batteries are considered capable of storing distributed electricity, providing the advantage of load leveling of both the supply network and generation plant. In terms of safety and simplicity, Pb-acid and Li-ion systems are viable options for small-scale residential applications, giving consumers an incentive to reduce their time-of-use charges. Apart from their expected use in transportation sector in the forthcoming years, regenerative fuel cells and flow batteries may offer intriguing potential in stationary applications once mature to commercialization.
The accelerated growth of the energy economy is still highly dependent on finite fossil fuel rese... more The accelerated growth of the energy economy is still highly dependent on finite fossil fuel reserves. Modern power systems could not exist without the many forms of electricity storage that can be integrated at different levels of the power chain. This work contains a review of the most important applications in which storage provides electricity-market opportunities along with other benefits such as arbitrage, balancing and reserve power sources, voltage and frequency control, investment deferral, cost management and load shaping and levelling. Using a 5 function normalization technique a comparative assessment of 19 electrical energy storage (EES) technologies, based on their technical and operational characteristics, is carried out and the technology-application pairs identified across the power chain are presented. In terms of safety and simplicity, Pb-acid and Li-ion systems are viable options for small-scale residential applications, while advanced Pb-acid and molten-salt batteries are suited to medium-to-large scale applications including commercial and industrial consumers. In addition to their expected use in the transportation sector in the coming years, regenerative fuel cells and flow batteries have intriguing potential to offer in stationary applications once they are mature for commercialization. For large-scale/energy-management applications, pumped hydro is the most reliable energy storage option (over compressed-air alternatives) whereas flywheels, supercapacitors and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) are still focused on power-based applications. As different parts in the power system involve different stakeholders and services, each technology with its own benefits and weaknesses requires research and development in order to emerge over others and contribute to more effective energy production in the future.
In this work, a parametric cost-benefit analysis concerning the use of integrated gasification co... more In this work, a parametric cost-benefit analysis concerning the use of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology (with and without carbon capture and storage) is carried out. For the analysis, the IPP optimization software is used in which the electricity unit cost from ...
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Papers by Andreas Poullikkas