Schistosomiasis is a widely prevalent disease in the world and usually involves the gastro-intest... more Schistosomiasis is a widely prevalent disease in the world and usually involves the gastro-intestinal and urinary tract. The involvement of the female genital tract has been well-established in S. haematobium infections and is rare with S. japonicum infections. This case involves a Filipino female who was admitted to the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur for right iliac fossa pain and was diagnosed initially as acute appendicitis. Ultrasound showed a multi-septated pelvic cyst leading to a provisional diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Intraoperatively a right parovarian cyst was detected and removed. Histology revealed a congested cyst wall with areas of haemorrhage with several viable and calcified eggs of S. japonicum measuring 85 microns x 62 microns. Within the cystic cavity blood admixed with eggs were seen. Confirmation was carried out by using the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. This is a first report of upper genital schistosomiasis mimicking an ovarian tumour.
In this paper, a coaxial flow of air and mucus in a circular tube under a time-dependent pressure... more In this paper, a coaxial flow of air and mucus in a circular tube under a time-dependent pressure gradient function is modelled to study mucus transport in the diseased airway. It is assumed that moist air and mucus flow under quasi-steady-state laminar conditions caused by prolonged mild cough. Furthermore, it is assumed that the serous layer thickness is negligible, the constriction attaches to the wall and penetrates into the mucus layer, and the constriction of the diseased airway, due to smooth muscle tightening, affects mucus viscosity. The analysis and approximate results demonstrate that mucus transport decreases in a constricted airway as the size of the constriction increases. Additionally, it is shown that the airflow rate and mucus flow rate are affected by the mucus viscosity in the constricted airway.
This paper modelled the flow of air, mucus, and serous fluid in a circular tube under a time depe... more This paper modelled the flow of air, mucus, and serous fluid in a circular tube under a time dependent pressure gradient and mucus transport in a diseased airway (bronchial constriction). It is considered that airways are tubes and flow inside moist air, mucus, and serous fluid flow under the quasi-steady-state laminar condition caused by coughing. The analysis and approximate result show that mucus transport in a constricted airway decreases as the diameter changes and that air flow rate is affected by mucus transport as mucus and serous viscosity increase.
From July through December 1997, 11 previously healthy children in Peninsular Malaysia succumbed ... more From July through December 1997, 11 previously healthy children in Peninsular Malaysia succumbed to an illness clinically characterised by an acute severe refractory left-ventricular failure, following a brief prodromal illness, in the midst of an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), similar to the reported experience in Sarawak and Taiwan. Retrospective reviews of the clinical features and results of laboratory, pathological and virological investigations of cases were conducted. The median age of the 11 case-patients was 31 months (range, 13 to 49 months); 6 were males. A brief prodromal illness of 3 days (range, 2 to 5 days) was characterised by fever (axillary temperature > 38 degrees C) (100%), oral ulcers (72%), extremity rashes (45%) and significant vomiting (55%). Upon hospitalisation, 7 of 11 case-patients had features suggestive of cardiogenic shock, while 4 of 11 case-patients developed shock during hospitalisation as evidenced by marked sustained tachycard...
In this paper, quasi-steady state models for turbulent flow of air and mucus under time dependent... more In this paper, quasi-steady state models for turbulent flow of air and mucus under time dependent pressure gradient simulating mucus transport in airways due to cough are proposed and analyzed. Both air and mucus are assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluids. Effect of slip caused either by immotile cilia bed saturated with serous fluid in large airways or surfactant at the wall surface in the smaller airways, on mucus transport is taken into account in the respective models. It is shown that both air and mucus flow rates increase as the magnitude of applied pressure gradient increases. It is found that for a fixed total thickness of air and mucus, mucus transport in the turbulent sub-layer increases as its thickness increases. It is also observed that mucus transport increases as the viscosity of mucus decreases or as the slip coefficient increases.
2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2016
In this paper, the functioning of human joint under diseased condition during jumping is proposed... more In this paper, the functioning of human joint under diseased condition during jumping is proposed. Under this condition, the synovial fluid film thickness decreases to the same order of magnitude as the mean diameter of hyaluronic acid molecules which do not move with the following fluid but rather remain embedded and confined in between the two porous matrix. When both cartilages gets fractured also pores orientation gets changed in such a way that during jumping (squeezing) there exists a decreased flow in the transverse direction caused by hyaluronic acid molecules penetrating into the pores of the fractured cartilage matrices and the tangential flow in the cartilage is parallel to the flow in the synovial fluid film. The plasma part of the synovial fluid flow in simultaneous parallel layers, one in the synovial film and other in porous cartilages. The function of the diseased knee joint (symmetrical case) is modelled and studied using the usual lubrication theory, the proposed m...
A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. T... more A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. The Reynolds equation is derived to account for the sliding effect. The pressure and load capacity of bearing system are obtained when the film thickness is an exponential function. In this paper, the effects of HA molecules in the synovial fluid of human knee joint are studied under highly loaded conditions. The effect of viscosity variation is taken into account for both normal and diseased joints. It is found that as the parameter of viscosity i.e., the concentration of HA molecules increases, the load bearing capacity of normal human joint also increases and of diseased joint decreases. Keyword: Reynolds' equation,exponential slider bearing, Hyaluronic acid (HA) molecules, Lubricant flux, Load capacity.
A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. T... more A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. The Reynolds equation is derived to a ccount for the sliding effect. The pressure and load capacity of bearing system are obtained wh en the film thickness is an exponential function. In this paper, the effects of HA molecule s in the synovial fluid of human knee joint are studied under highly loaded conditions. The eff ect of viscosity variation is taken into account for both normal and diseased joints. It is found that as the parameter of viscosity i.e., the concentration of HA molecules increases, the lo ad bearing capacity of normal human joint also increases and of diseased joint decreases.
A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. T... more A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. The Reynolds equation is derived to account for the sliding effect. The pressure and load capacity of bearing system are obtained when the film thickness is an exponential function. In this paper, the effects of HA molecules in the synovial fluid of human knee joint are studied under highly loaded conditions. The effect of viscosity variation is taken into account for both normal and diseased joints. It is found that as the parameter of viscosity i.e., the concentration of HA molecules increases, the load bearing capacity of normal human joint also increases and of diseased joint decreases.
Schistosomiasis is a widely prevalent disease in the world and usually involves the gastro-intest... more Schistosomiasis is a widely prevalent disease in the world and usually involves the gastro-intestinal and urinary tract. The involvement of the female genital tract has been well-established in S. haematobium infections and is rare with S. japonicum infections. This case involves a Filipino female who was admitted to the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur for right iliac fossa pain and was diagnosed initially as acute appendicitis. Ultrasound showed a multi-septated pelvic cyst leading to a provisional diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Intraoperatively a right parovarian cyst was detected and removed. Histology revealed a congested cyst wall with areas of haemorrhage with several viable and calcified eggs of S. japonicum measuring 85 microns x 62 microns. Within the cystic cavity blood admixed with eggs were seen. Confirmation was carried out by using the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. This is a first report of upper genital schistosomiasis mimicking an ovarian tumour.
In this paper, a coaxial flow of air and mucus in a circular tube under a time-dependent pressure... more In this paper, a coaxial flow of air and mucus in a circular tube under a time-dependent pressure gradient function is modelled to study mucus transport in the diseased airway. It is assumed that moist air and mucus flow under quasi-steady-state laminar conditions caused by prolonged mild cough. Furthermore, it is assumed that the serous layer thickness is negligible, the constriction attaches to the wall and penetrates into the mucus layer, and the constriction of the diseased airway, due to smooth muscle tightening, affects mucus viscosity. The analysis and approximate results demonstrate that mucus transport decreases in a constricted airway as the size of the constriction increases. Additionally, it is shown that the airflow rate and mucus flow rate are affected by the mucus viscosity in the constricted airway.
This paper modelled the flow of air, mucus, and serous fluid in a circular tube under a time depe... more This paper modelled the flow of air, mucus, and serous fluid in a circular tube under a time dependent pressure gradient and mucus transport in a diseased airway (bronchial constriction). It is considered that airways are tubes and flow inside moist air, mucus, and serous fluid flow under the quasi-steady-state laminar condition caused by coughing. The analysis and approximate result show that mucus transport in a constricted airway decreases as the diameter changes and that air flow rate is affected by mucus transport as mucus and serous viscosity increase.
From July through December 1997, 11 previously healthy children in Peninsular Malaysia succumbed ... more From July through December 1997, 11 previously healthy children in Peninsular Malaysia succumbed to an illness clinically characterised by an acute severe refractory left-ventricular failure, following a brief prodromal illness, in the midst of an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), similar to the reported experience in Sarawak and Taiwan. Retrospective reviews of the clinical features and results of laboratory, pathological and virological investigations of cases were conducted. The median age of the 11 case-patients was 31 months (range, 13 to 49 months); 6 were males. A brief prodromal illness of 3 days (range, 2 to 5 days) was characterised by fever (axillary temperature > 38 degrees C) (100%), oral ulcers (72%), extremity rashes (45%) and significant vomiting (55%). Upon hospitalisation, 7 of 11 case-patients had features suggestive of cardiogenic shock, while 4 of 11 case-patients developed shock during hospitalisation as evidenced by marked sustained tachycard...
In this paper, quasi-steady state models for turbulent flow of air and mucus under time dependent... more In this paper, quasi-steady state models for turbulent flow of air and mucus under time dependent pressure gradient simulating mucus transport in airways due to cough are proposed and analyzed. Both air and mucus are assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluids. Effect of slip caused either by immotile cilia bed saturated with serous fluid in large airways or surfactant at the wall surface in the smaller airways, on mucus transport is taken into account in the respective models. It is shown that both air and mucus flow rates increase as the magnitude of applied pressure gradient increases. It is found that for a fixed total thickness of air and mucus, mucus transport in the turbulent sub-layer increases as its thickness increases. It is also observed that mucus transport increases as the viscosity of mucus decreases or as the slip coefficient increases.
2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2016
In this paper, the functioning of human joint under diseased condition during jumping is proposed... more In this paper, the functioning of human joint under diseased condition during jumping is proposed. Under this condition, the synovial fluid film thickness decreases to the same order of magnitude as the mean diameter of hyaluronic acid molecules which do not move with the following fluid but rather remain embedded and confined in between the two porous matrix. When both cartilages gets fractured also pores orientation gets changed in such a way that during jumping (squeezing) there exists a decreased flow in the transverse direction caused by hyaluronic acid molecules penetrating into the pores of the fractured cartilage matrices and the tangential flow in the cartilage is parallel to the flow in the synovial fluid film. The plasma part of the synovial fluid flow in simultaneous parallel layers, one in the synovial film and other in porous cartilages. The function of the diseased knee joint (symmetrical case) is modelled and studied using the usual lubrication theory, the proposed m...
A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. T... more A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. The Reynolds equation is derived to account for the sliding effect. The pressure and load capacity of bearing system are obtained when the film thickness is an exponential function. In this paper, the effects of HA molecules in the synovial fluid of human knee joint are studied under highly loaded conditions. The effect of viscosity variation is taken into account for both normal and diseased joints. It is found that as the parameter of viscosity i.e., the concentration of HA molecules increases, the load bearing capacity of normal human joint also increases and of diseased joint decreases. Keyword: Reynolds' equation,exponential slider bearing, Hyaluronic acid (HA) molecules, Lubricant flux, Load capacity.
A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. T... more A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. The Reynolds equation is derived to a ccount for the sliding effect. The pressure and load capacity of bearing system are obtained wh en the film thickness is an exponential function. In this paper, the effects of HA molecule s in the synovial fluid of human knee joint are studied under highly loaded conditions. The eff ect of viscosity variation is taken into account for both normal and diseased joints. It is found that as the parameter of viscosity i.e., the concentration of HA molecules increases, the lo ad bearing capacity of normal human joint also increases and of diseased joint decreases.
A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. T... more A theoretical analysis of the lubrication mechanism occurring in human knee joint is presented. The Reynolds equation is derived to account for the sliding effect. The pressure and load capacity of bearing system are obtained when the film thickness is an exponential function. In this paper, the effects of HA molecules in the synovial fluid of human knee joint are studied under highly loaded conditions. The effect of viscosity variation is taken into account for both normal and diseased joints. It is found that as the parameter of viscosity i.e., the concentration of HA molecules increases, the load bearing capacity of normal human joint also increases and of diseased joint decreases.
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