Conference Presentations by David Sheffield
Background and Aims: Worldwide smartphone usage has greatly increased with research showing that ... more Background and Aims: Worldwide smartphone usage has greatly increased with research showing that in the UK smartphone penetration has risen from 62% in 2013 to 81% in 2015 (MobileSquared, 2015). Alongside this growth in smartphone usage, research on the influence of smartphones on human behaviour has increased. Smartphone based interventions have proven useful in different contexts, such as diabetes management, physical and healthy eating monitoring (Fjeldsoe, Marshall, & Miller, 2009). However, a growing number of studies have shown that excessive use of smartphones can lead to detrimental consequences (Billieux, Maurage, Lopez-Fernandez, Kuss & Griffiths, 2015). This paper will discuss the research findings of a large scale study exploring the psychological aspects of smartphone use.
Methods: A sample of 871 smartphone users ranging from 13 to 69 years of age (mean = 25.06 years, SD = 8.88) completed an online survey comprising of modified DSM-5 criteria, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory.
Results: The results revealed a significant relationship between problematic smartphone use and the predictors of time spent on phone, conscientiousness, emotional stability and age.
Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study of problematic smartphone use and personality characteristics. The findings emphasise that problematic smartphone use is linked to various predictors. The development of personalised health interventions are needed to prevent the negative consequences of smartphone use.
Papers by David Sheffield
Introduction The theory of challenge and threat states in athletes (TCTSA; Jones et al., 2009) ou... more Introduction The theory of challenge and threat states in athletes (TCTSA; Jones et al., 2009) outlines that athletes in a challenge state experience higher self-efficacy, more control, an approach orientation, more positive emotions, a more beneficial interpretation of their emotional state, and a more effective cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) pattern (decreased total peripheral resistance and increased cardiac output). In contrast, a threat state is characterised by lower self-efficacy and control, an avoidance orientation, more negative emotions, a less beneficial interpretation of their emotional state, and a less effective CVR pattern (increased TPR and decreased CO). This study examined if athletes respond differently in terms of challenge and threat states to competitions that they performed up to, or above, their standard compared to a competition they performed below their standard. Method Thirty student-athletes participated in three conditions, preceded by a five-minute r...
The theory of challenge and threat states in athletes (TCTSA) outlines that a challenge state, in... more The theory of challenge and threat states in athletes (TCTSA) outlines that a challenge state, in contrast to a threat state, is characterised by high levels of self-efficacy and perceived control, approach goals, positive emotions, a helpful interpretation of emotional state and a cardiovascular reactivity pattern of increased cardiac output and decreased total peripheral resistance. Four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between the cognitive, affective and physiological components of challenge and threat states in a sport setting. These comprised a qualitative analysis of athletes’ interviews about an upcoming competition (study 1), a cross-sectional questionnaire study (study 2) and two studies where self-report data were associated with cardiovascular responses to an upcoming competition (study 3) or previous competition (study 4). Overall, the cognitive and affective components are largely supportive of the TCTSA, with a positive relationship between self-effi...
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2020
The short-term efficacy of pain management programs (PMPs) is well established. However, their ab... more The short-term efficacy of pain management programs (PMPs) is well established. However, their ability to demonstrate long-term benefits for people with chronic pain remains a key question for both the application and evolution of PMPs. Objective: To evaluate the long-term treatment gains of pain management program (PMP) interventions on self-efficacy, catastrophic thinking, and pain perceptions in patients with chronic pain. Methods: Electronic databases, key journals and reference lists of included studies were scrutinized for inclusion. The search process revealed a total of eleven studies for inclusion. Assessment of study quality was made based on length of follow-up period, the validity of measures used and information regarding the intervention. Results: Six studies included a 12 month follow-up, four studies included a 6 month follow-up, and a single study included a 9 month follow-up. Meta-analyses revealed treatment gains across pain perceptions are maintained at 12 months post-treatment. However, gains in self-efficacy significantly decreased at 12 months follow-up. There were significant improvements in pain-perception, self-efficacy and pain perceptions at 6 month follow-up compared to baseline. Conclusion: The review provides some support for the long-term efficacy of PMP interventions. There is a need for pragmatically designed follow-up studies to measure the long-term efficacy of PMPs on psychological variables, especially self-efficacy. Further research is warranted into the observed loss in treatment gains in self-efficacy over time; booster sessions delivered at 6 months post-treatment aimed at enhancing self-efficacy may help aid self-management of chronic pain
Shame 4.0, 2021
Although often categorised by cultural differences (e.g. collectivism and individualism), Japan a... more Although often categorised by cultural differences (e.g. collectivism and individualism), Japan and the UK have several cultural commonalities. One of them is that both countries are known to have a ‘shame culture’; people in these countries often recognise shame in their lives relating to their cultural virtues. While shame can lead to social conformity, this negative affect associated with a sense of inadequacy can also damage our wellbeing. Because of the rapid advancement of technologies in these economically developed countries in the 4IR, workers are put under greater pressure, which is associated with more mental health problems. Their challenged mental health is further exacerbated by strong shame associated with mental health problems. Accordingly, we examined mental health shame in UK and Japanese workers. Four hundred workers (131 Japanese and 269 UK workers) completed measures of mental health and mental health shame, specifically negative attitudes and external, internal, and reflected shame. The results showed that Japanese workers had higher levels of mental health problems and shame than UK workers. In both countries, mental health and shame were overall associated with each other, apart from some family-related variables in Japanese workers. Family-reflected shame was a significant predictor in Japanese workers, while self-reflected shame was a significant predictor in UK workers. We discuss the implications of these findings with particular reference on how to reduce mental health shame in Japanese and UK workplaces and the provision of solutions for better work mental wellbeing, relating to the advantages of technologies. Because shame often involves perception of others, online interventions may be useful as they can be undertaken by each worker at a private place (instead of their office). Such individualised interventions enabled by the technologies of the 4IR may help to address shame-associated mental health problems in modern workplaces.
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2020
The British Journal of Social Work, 2018
As part of research to develop an approach to improving nature connectedness the ‘three good thin... more As part of research to develop an approach to improving nature connectedness the ‘three good things’ intervention was revised to focus on nature. Participants (n=35) noted three good things in nature, or three good things (n=33) or three factual things (n=27) each day for five days. As planned the nature intervention group showed sustained and significant increases in nature connectedness compared to the other groups. However, the three good things group did not replicate previous results in showing positive well-being outcomes, indeed at two months there was a significant increase in perceived stress and the three good things group was the only group not to show improvements in psychological health.
Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 2020
Through this paper, we explore unbundling, the separation of various aspects of education, resour... more Through this paper, we explore unbundling, the separation of various aspects of education, resources, teaching and assessment (Ossiannilsson et al., 2015) and rebundling, where these activities are “recombined into new configurations with little loss of functionality” (Ge et al., 2004, p. 1). We chart the evolution of online learning at the University of Derby, from a small-scale learning and certification bundle to a rebundled online university experience. In this rebundled model, a bespoke department is responsible for the operationalisation and quality of the university’s online experience. Firstly, we established the quality impact of this model, using higher education institution (HEI) value drivers. Secondly, focus groups explored macro (national), meso (institutional) and micro (practice) issues from strategic manager, academic and student experience perspectives. To facilitate discussion about the online university experience, we used a new conceptual pedagogic realignment w...
Psychosomatic Medicine, 1999
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of postcompetition positive reflection on ... more The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of postcompetition positive reflection on attributions, emotions, and self-efficacy. Following a golf putting competition, participants (n= 80) were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. In the experimental group participants completed a modified version of the performance evaluation sheet (Holder, 1997). In the control group participants completed the concentration grid exercise (Harris & Harris, 1984). All participants subsequently completed measures of ...
Sustainability
With clear links between an individual’s sense of nature connectedness, their psychological wellb... more With clear links between an individual’s sense of nature connectedness, their psychological wellbeing, and engagement in nature-friendly behaviours, efforts to improve people’s relationships with nature can help unite human and planetary wellbeing. In the context of a rapidly growing evidence base, this paper updates previous meta-analytic reviews to explore the impact of (quasi-) experimental manipulations and field interventions on nature connectedness in adult populations. The analysis examines the relative effects of type of contact (direct or indirect), quality of engagement (active or passive) and the timing of the engagement (single session, repeated practice or residential). Results show a medium positive short-term mean effect of manipulations on nature connectedness, with similar effect sizes for immediate and sustained increases. No effect size differences were observed between different types of contact, quality, or timing of engagement. Follow-up measures were mostly us...
Healthcare
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition that has been associated with atypical... more Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition that has been associated with atypical emotional regulation strategy use as well as elevated levels of depression, anxiety, self-harm and suicidal ideation. Despite the existence of clinical screening guidance for this population, there is still little to no understanding of how non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation and intention manifest in women with PCOS and how this might differ from women without PCOS. Within this cross-sectional investigation, women with and without a diagnosis of PCOS (n = 418) completed validated metrics of emotion dysregulation, rumination and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as well as self-reported indices of previous suicidal ideation and future suicidal intention. Group comparisons indicated that women with, relative to those without, PCOS reported significantly greater metrics across all variables. Moreover, serial mediation analyses were conducted to test the ideation-to-action framew...
European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 2020
Since the early 2000s, a plethora of web-based learning technologies has been developed, each pro... more Since the early 2000s, a plethora of web-based learning technologies has been developed, each proposing to improve the student experience. Yet, a study conducted by Martin et al. (2018) demonstrate sporadic new technology adoption in Higher Education (HE), despite wide-scale social interest and a wealth of academic publications. This paper aims to provide a framework to explore this problem from an institutional perspective, involving both educational planners and pedagogues. This framework, the Pedagogic Realignment with Organisational Priorities and Horizon Emergent Technologies Framework or PROPHET Framework, is a new three phase framework that combines two distinct research methodologies used by policy makers and pedagogues with a new dynamic multi-level diffusion of innovation (DMDI) model specifically designed to support dialogue between these stakeholders. Application of the PROPHET Framework will enable stakeholders to arrive at a common understanding about the efficacy of s...
Cognitive Science, 2017
Risky decisions involve cognitive and emotional factors. As the primary test for the Somatic Mark... more Risky decisions involve cognitive and emotional factors. As the primary test for the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) examines these factors. Skin conductance shows anticipatory physiological responses on the IGT supporting SMH. Pupil dilation offers an alternative physiological marker. Predictive effects of anticipatory pupillary responses to positive and negative decks on IGT performance were examined in an extended IGT. The extended Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) examined the relationship between reflective thinking and IGT performance. Data demonstrated correlations between reflective thinking and performance from the second block onwards and that task learning continued into the additional blocks performance was not optimized even in the final block. Regression analysis showed both anticipatory pupil dilation for disadvantageous and advantageous decks, and reflective thinking were strong predictors of IGT performance. While both emotional and refle...
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Conference Presentations by David Sheffield
Methods: A sample of 871 smartphone users ranging from 13 to 69 years of age (mean = 25.06 years, SD = 8.88) completed an online survey comprising of modified DSM-5 criteria, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory.
Results: The results revealed a significant relationship between problematic smartphone use and the predictors of time spent on phone, conscientiousness, emotional stability and age.
Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study of problematic smartphone use and personality characteristics. The findings emphasise that problematic smartphone use is linked to various predictors. The development of personalised health interventions are needed to prevent the negative consequences of smartphone use.
Papers by David Sheffield
Methods: A sample of 871 smartphone users ranging from 13 to 69 years of age (mean = 25.06 years, SD = 8.88) completed an online survey comprising of modified DSM-5 criteria, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory.
Results: The results revealed a significant relationship between problematic smartphone use and the predictors of time spent on phone, conscientiousness, emotional stability and age.
Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study of problematic smartphone use and personality characteristics. The findings emphasise that problematic smartphone use is linked to various predictors. The development of personalised health interventions are needed to prevent the negative consequences of smartphone use.