The authors are members of the integrated project Intermetallic Materials Processing in Relation ... more The authors are members of the integrated project Intermetallic Materials Processing in Relation to Earth and Space Solidification (IMPRESS), funded within the European Framework (FP6). One of the aims of IMPRESS is to develop new alloys and processes for the casting of TiAl-based turbine blades for the next generation of aero and industrial gas turbine engines. Within IMPRESS, two related issues have been identified during the primary solidification stage, namely, segregation and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). The authors have set out to isolate the effects of thermo-solutal convection, by designing a microgravity experiment to be performed on a European Space Agency platform. This experiment will investigate the CET formation during solidification. It is planned to use a sounding rocket providing a microgravity time of approximately twelve minutes. The results of this microgravity solidification experiment will be used as unique benchmark data for development and validation of new computational models of TiAl solidification. This in turn will produce accurate models and ultimately new robust industrial processes by project partners in the aerospace industry. The evolution of the design of the microgravity experiment is discussed and the results of preliminary ground reference experiments are presented. Future plans and objectives for the project are also highlighted.
A short overview of basic problems connected with high power laser radiation interaction with sol... more A short overview of basic problems connected with high power laser radiation interaction with solids is presented. Physical phenomena occurring during absorption of laser beam energy in solid, basic fields of application of lasers, and mathematical model of the conversion of light energy into heat are described. There are also many examples of numerically calculated temperature fields in solids caused by the interaction of laser radiation of different parameters (different power densities and interaction times), which are the results of investigation of the laser interaction with solids. These investigations have been conducted in the Institute of Heat Engineering for several years.
The paper presents a short description of a numerical simulation for the transient heat transfer ... more The paper presents a short description of a numerical simulation for the transient heat transfer in a single heat storage element with phase change material PCM (Stefan problem-melting and solidification phenomena). Enthalpy method-a finite difference numerical discretization and explicit temporal discretization scheme-was chosen for the transient 3-D model. The results of numerical calculation of 3-D temperature fields for heating a single PCM vessel are presented in the graphic form.
The paper presents the overview of the theoretical and experimental research concerning thermal e... more The paper presents the overview of the theoretical and experimental research concerning thermal energy storage problems in the Institute of Heat Engineering.The authors examined a lot of substances which seemed to be suitable for thermal energy storage. The following thermal properties of materials have been measured: melting temperature, latent heat, specific heat vs. temperature for solid and liquid phase and global change of enthalpy for the temperature range of the storage system. Stability of thermal properties (mainly the latent heat) is also a very important property of materials from the viewpoint of thermal storage and has been checked as well. Some characteristics of charging and discharging processes of the single cylindrical vessel and the storage unit with phase change materials (PCMs) are presented in the graphic form. The short description of numerical simulation of Stefan problem (melting and solidification phenomena) will be discussed. The results of numerical calculation of 2-D and 3-D temperature fields for heating and cooling PCM for single vessel and the whole storage unit (i.e. about 60 MJ of thermal capacity) have been compared with experimental results.
International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 1999
... As the physical domain changes in shape, the interface boundary grid is generated at each tim... more ... As the physical domain changes in shape, the interface boundary grid is generated at each time step. In solving the time dependent partial differential equations, an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method which marches in time is employed. ...
... Furthermore, based on such simulations of non-equilibrium columnar growth, a new predictor of... more ... Furthermore, based on such simulations of non-equilibrium columnar growth, a new predictor of the relative tendency to form an equiaxed zone, an equiaxed index I ex (m 2 K), recently proposed by Browne [37], is obtained. ... Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 58 (1947), p. 567. ...
ABSTRACT A three-step combined analytical and numerical approach to thermal modelling of a two-he... more ABSTRACT A three-step combined analytical and numerical approach to thermal modelling of a two-heater power-down furnace for controlled directional solidification of an intermetallic alloy is proposed. An analytical sensitivity analysis of the thermal model is carried out to show the effect of adiabatic zone length, and both hot-zone and cold-zone heater temperatures, on the initial thermal gradient in the sample and on the length of melt in the adiabatic zone. The subsequent axisymmetric front tracking method (FTM) simulations of directional solidification of a binary intermetallic Ti-46at.%Al alloy show that temperature gradient in the melt declines and velocity of the solid-liquid front increases with time, thus promoting good conditions for a columnar to equiaxed transition. The proposed analytical calculations combined with full-scale numerical FTM simulations provide a convenient and predictive optimization tool for the two-heater power-down furnace design and growth conditions for the future microgravity experiments.
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2012
On 26 th March 2010 the MAXUS-8 sounding rocket was launched from the Esrange Space Center in Swe... more On 26 th March 2010 the MAXUS-8 sounding rocket was launched from the Esrange Space Center in Sweden. As part of the Intermetallic Materials Processing in Relation to Earth and Space Solidification (IMPRESS) project, a solidification experiment was conducted on a Ti-45.5at.%Al-8at.%Nb intermetallic alloy in a module on this rocket. The experiment was designed to investigate columnar and equiaxed microstructures in the alloy. A furnace model of the MAXUS 8 experiment with a Front Tracking Model of solidification has been developed to determine the macrostructure and thermal history of the samples in the experiment. This paper gives details of results of the front tracking model applied to the MAXUS 8 microgravity experiment. A model for columnar growth is presented and compared to experimental results for furnace A of the experiment module.
... Alloy F. Lemoisson 1 , S. Mc Fadden 3 , M. Rebow 3 , DJ Browne 3 , L. Froyen 1 , D. Voss 4 , ... more ... Alloy F. Lemoisson 1 , S. Mc Fadden 3 , M. Rebow 3 , DJ Browne 3 , L. Froyen 1 , D. Voss 4 , DJ Jarvis 4 , A. Kartavykh 5 , S. Rex 6 , W. Herfs 4 , D. Groethe 7 , J. Lapin 8 , O. Budenkova 2 , J. Etay 2 , Y. Fautrelle 2 * 1KUL, Belgium ...
A new idea on the use of a vertical spiral heat exchanger in a latent heat thermal energy storage... more A new idea on the use of a vertical spiral heat exchanger in a latent heat thermal energy storage system is analyzed experimentally. In this context, two important subjects are addressed. The ®rst one is the temporal behavior of a phase change medium undergoing a non-isothermal solid±liquid phase change transition during its two-side heating or cooling by a working¯uid¯owing in a spiral channel. The second one is the analysis of temporal thermal characteristics of the paran wax±air thermal energy storage unit of the Archimedes spiral geometry during its charging and discharging. The results are presented in terms of temperature changes of both media. Moreover, thermal analysis of the storage energy unit is carried out where temporal energy stored, overall charging ratio, total time of charging or discharging processes and time changes of melted and solid phases of the storage medium are estimated. #
The aim of the presented study is to test the simultaneous application of two acquisition methods... more The aim of the presented study is to test the simultaneous application of two acquisition methods, namely Particle Image Velocimetry & Thermometry combined with Infrared Thermography in an experimental investigation of natural convection. The first, based on liquid crystals tracers, allows full field temperature and flow analysis; the second is used to monitor Thermal Boundary Conditions at external non-isothermal walls bounding the flow domain.
The main goal of the study is to test the applicability of Infrared Thermography for verification... more The main goal of the study is to test the applicability of Infrared Thermography for verification of Thermal Boundary Conditions at external non-isothermal walls bounding the flow domain. Experimental and numerical studies have been made for transient and steady natural convection in a differentially heated cube filled with water. The analysis is carried out for pure convection of water in the vicinity of the freezing region (cold wall temperature T c = 0 o C), and for convection of water accompanied by freezing (T c ≤ -10 o C). The opposite hot wall temperature is fixed at +10 o C.
Page 237. Heat Transfer 1998, Proceedings of 11th IHTC, Vol. 7 August 23-28, 1998, Kyongju, Korea... more Page 237. Heat Transfer 1998, Proceedings of 11th IHTC, Vol. 7 August 23-28, 1998, Kyongju, Korea STUDY OF FREE CONVECTION IN BINARY SYSTEMS WITH PHASE CHANGE Tomasz A. Kowalewski Center of Mechanic ...
The imbalance of electrical demand in summer due to cooling system demand is a big problem in man... more The imbalance of electrical demand in summer due to cooling system demand is a big problem in many countries. One promising solution is shifting peak demand from early afternoon to night by utilizing natural cold energy resources such as cool outside air during night or running a refrigerator driven by midnight power. In these cases, using the thermal energy storage
A two-dimensional computer simulation is presented for conjugate heat transfer and solid±liquid p... more A two-dimensional computer simulation is presented for conjugate heat transfer and solid±liquid phase change, concurrently occurring within a domain of the paran wax±air spiral thermal energy storage unit during its charging and discharging. The numerical model is based on local energy balances in a set of curvilinear control-volumes (the domain of the unit is divided into), and on the enthalpy approach to account for the latent heat eect. The results obtained are compared with the experimental data, reported in the authors' earlier paper (Banaszek J., DomanÄ ski R., Rebow M. and El-Sagier F., Experimental study of solid±liquid phase change in a spiral thermal energy storage unit, Applied Thermal Engineering 19 (1999) 1253±1277), to ®nd out that the proposed numerical model is a reliable and suciently accurate calculation tool, although some incongruity between calculated and measured temperature of the paran wax exists. The reasons for this discrepancy are thoroughly analyzed and discussed in the paper. # .pl (J. Banaszek).
The authors are members of the integrated project Intermetallic Materials Processing in Relation ... more The authors are members of the integrated project Intermetallic Materials Processing in Relation to Earth and Space Solidification (IMPRESS), funded within the European Framework (FP6). One of the aims of IMPRESS is to develop new alloys and processes for the casting of TiAl-based turbine blades for the next generation of aero and industrial gas turbine engines. Within IMPRESS, two related issues have been identified during the primary solidification stage, namely, segregation and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). The authors have set out to isolate the effects of thermo-solutal convection, by designing a microgravity experiment to be performed on a European Space Agency platform. This experiment will investigate the CET formation during solidification. It is planned to use a sounding rocket providing a microgravity time of approximately twelve minutes. The results of this microgravity solidification experiment will be used as unique benchmark data for development and validation of new computational models of TiAl solidification. This in turn will produce accurate models and ultimately new robust industrial processes by project partners in the aerospace industry. The evolution of the design of the microgravity experiment is discussed and the results of preliminary ground reference experiments are presented. Future plans and objectives for the project are also highlighted.
A short overview of basic problems connected with high power laser radiation interaction with sol... more A short overview of basic problems connected with high power laser radiation interaction with solids is presented. Physical phenomena occurring during absorption of laser beam energy in solid, basic fields of application of lasers, and mathematical model of the conversion of light energy into heat are described. There are also many examples of numerically calculated temperature fields in solids caused by the interaction of laser radiation of different parameters (different power densities and interaction times), which are the results of investigation of the laser interaction with solids. These investigations have been conducted in the Institute of Heat Engineering for several years.
The paper presents a short description of a numerical simulation for the transient heat transfer ... more The paper presents a short description of a numerical simulation for the transient heat transfer in a single heat storage element with phase change material PCM (Stefan problem-melting and solidification phenomena). Enthalpy method-a finite difference numerical discretization and explicit temporal discretization scheme-was chosen for the transient 3-D model. The results of numerical calculation of 3-D temperature fields for heating a single PCM vessel are presented in the graphic form.
The paper presents the overview of the theoretical and experimental research concerning thermal e... more The paper presents the overview of the theoretical and experimental research concerning thermal energy storage problems in the Institute of Heat Engineering.The authors examined a lot of substances which seemed to be suitable for thermal energy storage. The following thermal properties of materials have been measured: melting temperature, latent heat, specific heat vs. temperature for solid and liquid phase and global change of enthalpy for the temperature range of the storage system. Stability of thermal properties (mainly the latent heat) is also a very important property of materials from the viewpoint of thermal storage and has been checked as well. Some characteristics of charging and discharging processes of the single cylindrical vessel and the storage unit with phase change materials (PCMs) are presented in the graphic form. The short description of numerical simulation of Stefan problem (melting and solidification phenomena) will be discussed. The results of numerical calculation of 2-D and 3-D temperature fields for heating and cooling PCM for single vessel and the whole storage unit (i.e. about 60 MJ of thermal capacity) have been compared with experimental results.
International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 1999
... As the physical domain changes in shape, the interface boundary grid is generated at each tim... more ... As the physical domain changes in shape, the interface boundary grid is generated at each time step. In solving the time dependent partial differential equations, an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method which marches in time is employed. ...
... Furthermore, based on such simulations of non-equilibrium columnar growth, a new predictor of... more ... Furthermore, based on such simulations of non-equilibrium columnar growth, a new predictor of the relative tendency to form an equiaxed zone, an equiaxed index I ex (m 2 K), recently proposed by Browne [37], is obtained. ... Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 58 (1947), p. 567. ...
ABSTRACT A three-step combined analytical and numerical approach to thermal modelling of a two-he... more ABSTRACT A three-step combined analytical and numerical approach to thermal modelling of a two-heater power-down furnace for controlled directional solidification of an intermetallic alloy is proposed. An analytical sensitivity analysis of the thermal model is carried out to show the effect of adiabatic zone length, and both hot-zone and cold-zone heater temperatures, on the initial thermal gradient in the sample and on the length of melt in the adiabatic zone. The subsequent axisymmetric front tracking method (FTM) simulations of directional solidification of a binary intermetallic Ti-46at.%Al alloy show that temperature gradient in the melt declines and velocity of the solid-liquid front increases with time, thus promoting good conditions for a columnar to equiaxed transition. The proposed analytical calculations combined with full-scale numerical FTM simulations provide a convenient and predictive optimization tool for the two-heater power-down furnace design and growth conditions for the future microgravity experiments.
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2012
On 26 th March 2010 the MAXUS-8 sounding rocket was launched from the Esrange Space Center in Swe... more On 26 th March 2010 the MAXUS-8 sounding rocket was launched from the Esrange Space Center in Sweden. As part of the Intermetallic Materials Processing in Relation to Earth and Space Solidification (IMPRESS) project, a solidification experiment was conducted on a Ti-45.5at.%Al-8at.%Nb intermetallic alloy in a module on this rocket. The experiment was designed to investigate columnar and equiaxed microstructures in the alloy. A furnace model of the MAXUS 8 experiment with a Front Tracking Model of solidification has been developed to determine the macrostructure and thermal history of the samples in the experiment. This paper gives details of results of the front tracking model applied to the MAXUS 8 microgravity experiment. A model for columnar growth is presented and compared to experimental results for furnace A of the experiment module.
... Alloy F. Lemoisson 1 , S. Mc Fadden 3 , M. Rebow 3 , DJ Browne 3 , L. Froyen 1 , D. Voss 4 , ... more ... Alloy F. Lemoisson 1 , S. Mc Fadden 3 , M. Rebow 3 , DJ Browne 3 , L. Froyen 1 , D. Voss 4 , DJ Jarvis 4 , A. Kartavykh 5 , S. Rex 6 , W. Herfs 4 , D. Groethe 7 , J. Lapin 8 , O. Budenkova 2 , J. Etay 2 , Y. Fautrelle 2 * 1KUL, Belgium ...
A new idea on the use of a vertical spiral heat exchanger in a latent heat thermal energy storage... more A new idea on the use of a vertical spiral heat exchanger in a latent heat thermal energy storage system is analyzed experimentally. In this context, two important subjects are addressed. The ®rst one is the temporal behavior of a phase change medium undergoing a non-isothermal solid±liquid phase change transition during its two-side heating or cooling by a working¯uid¯owing in a spiral channel. The second one is the analysis of temporal thermal characteristics of the paran wax±air thermal energy storage unit of the Archimedes spiral geometry during its charging and discharging. The results are presented in terms of temperature changes of both media. Moreover, thermal analysis of the storage energy unit is carried out where temporal energy stored, overall charging ratio, total time of charging or discharging processes and time changes of melted and solid phases of the storage medium are estimated. #
The aim of the presented study is to test the simultaneous application of two acquisition methods... more The aim of the presented study is to test the simultaneous application of two acquisition methods, namely Particle Image Velocimetry & Thermometry combined with Infrared Thermography in an experimental investigation of natural convection. The first, based on liquid crystals tracers, allows full field temperature and flow analysis; the second is used to monitor Thermal Boundary Conditions at external non-isothermal walls bounding the flow domain.
The main goal of the study is to test the applicability of Infrared Thermography for verification... more The main goal of the study is to test the applicability of Infrared Thermography for verification of Thermal Boundary Conditions at external non-isothermal walls bounding the flow domain. Experimental and numerical studies have been made for transient and steady natural convection in a differentially heated cube filled with water. The analysis is carried out for pure convection of water in the vicinity of the freezing region (cold wall temperature T c = 0 o C), and for convection of water accompanied by freezing (T c ≤ -10 o C). The opposite hot wall temperature is fixed at +10 o C.
Page 237. Heat Transfer 1998, Proceedings of 11th IHTC, Vol. 7 August 23-28, 1998, Kyongju, Korea... more Page 237. Heat Transfer 1998, Proceedings of 11th IHTC, Vol. 7 August 23-28, 1998, Kyongju, Korea STUDY OF FREE CONVECTION IN BINARY SYSTEMS WITH PHASE CHANGE Tomasz A. Kowalewski Center of Mechanic ...
The imbalance of electrical demand in summer due to cooling system demand is a big problem in man... more The imbalance of electrical demand in summer due to cooling system demand is a big problem in many countries. One promising solution is shifting peak demand from early afternoon to night by utilizing natural cold energy resources such as cool outside air during night or running a refrigerator driven by midnight power. In these cases, using the thermal energy storage
A two-dimensional computer simulation is presented for conjugate heat transfer and solid±liquid p... more A two-dimensional computer simulation is presented for conjugate heat transfer and solid±liquid phase change, concurrently occurring within a domain of the paran wax±air spiral thermal energy storage unit during its charging and discharging. The numerical model is based on local energy balances in a set of curvilinear control-volumes (the domain of the unit is divided into), and on the enthalpy approach to account for the latent heat eect. The results obtained are compared with the experimental data, reported in the authors' earlier paper (Banaszek J., DomanÄ ski R., Rebow M. and El-Sagier F., Experimental study of solid±liquid phase change in a spiral thermal energy storage unit, Applied Thermal Engineering 19 (1999) 1253±1277), to ®nd out that the proposed numerical model is a reliable and suciently accurate calculation tool, although some incongruity between calculated and measured temperature of the paran wax exists. The reasons for this discrepancy are thoroughly analyzed and discussed in the paper. # .pl (J. Banaszek).
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Papers by Marek Rebow