Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

THE RTSC: MIGRATING EVENT-TRIGGERED SYSTEMS TO TIME-TRIGGERED SYSTEMS

Published: 01 November 2011 Publication History

Abstract

In this paper, we present a prototype of the Real-Time Systems Compiler (RTSC). The RTSC is a compiler-based tool that enables the migration from event-triggered to time-triggered real-time systems. This is achieved by replacing the real-time systems architecture of a given real-time system. The real-time systems architecture governs the structural properties of the white-box view of a real-time system: how are tasks attached to events and how are dependencies between different tasks implemented. The RTSC uses an abstraction called Atomic Basic Blocks (ABBs) to hide the real-time systems architecture and capture all relevant dependencies of an event-triggered system in a global ABB-graph. The RTSC automatically extracts that ABB-graph from an event-triggered real-time system given as source code, transforms that ABB-graph appropriately, and maps it to a statically computed schedule that could be executed by standard time-triggered real-time operating systems. Important temporal properties of the physical environment of the real-time system needed for that transformation are stored in a system model provided as additional input to the RTSC. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach and the operation of our prototype by transforming an event-triggered control application into a time-triggered equivalent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

References

[1]
Carlow GD. Architecture of the space shuttle primary avionics software system. Communications of the ACM 1984; 27(9):926-936.
[2]
Shepard T, Gagne M. A model of the f18 mission computer software for pre-run-time scheduling. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS '90), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1990; 62-459.
[3]
GmbH RB. CAN specification version 2.0. Technical Report Sep 1991.
[4]
Consortium F. FlexRay protocol specification 2.1 Revision A. FlexRay Consortium, 2005. http://www.flexray.com.
[5]
Domaratsky Y, Perevozchikov M, Ingulets A, Alkhovik A. Back-end software for highly dependable real-time control systems. Proceedings of the 25th IEEE Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'01), IEEE Computer Society Press: Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2001; 237-244.
[6]
Poledna S. Replica determinism in distributed real-time systems: a brief survey. Real-Time Systems Journal 1994; 6(3):289-316.
[7]
Scheler F, Schröder-Preikschat W. Synthesising real-time systems from atomic basic blocks. 12th IEEE International Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications (RTAS'06), Work-in-Progress Session, 2006; 49-52.
[8]
Scheler F, Schröder-Preikschat W. Time-triggered vs. event-triggered: A matter of configuration? Proceedings of the GI/ITG Workshop on Non-Functional Properties of Embedded Systems, VDE Verlag GmbH: Nuremberg, Germany, 2006; 107-112.
[9]
Scheler F, Schröder-Preikschat W. The RTSC: Leveraging the migration from event-triggered to time-triggered systems. Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'10), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2010; 34- 41.
[10]
OSEK/VDX Group. Operating system specification 2.2.3. Technical Report, OSEK/VDX Group Feb 2005. http:// portal.osek-vdx.org/filedpdtTspecs/os223.pdf, visited 2009-09-09.
[11]
OSEK/VDX Group. Time triggered operating system specification 1.0. Technical Report, OSEK/VDX Group, Jul 2001. http://portal.osek-vdx.org/files/pdf/specs/ttos10.pdf.
[12]
Peng DT, Shin KG, Abdelzaher TF. Assignment and scheduling communicating periodic tasks in distributed real-time systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1997; 23(12):745-758.
[13]
Scheler F, Mitzlaff M, Schröder-Preikschat W, Schirmeier H. Towards a real-time systems compiler. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES '07), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2007; 62-75.
[14]
Kopetz H. Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
[15]
Muchnick SS. Advanced compiler design and implementation. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.: San Francisco, CA, USA, 1997.
[16]
Shannon C. Communication in the presence of noise. Proceedings of the IRE Jan 1949; 37(1): 10-21.
[17]
Mohan S, Helander J. Temporal analysis for adapting concurrent applications to embedded systems. Proceedings of the 20th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS '08), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2008; 71-82.
[18]
Engler D, Ashcraft K. Racerx: effective, static detection of race conditions and deadlocks. Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '03), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2003; 237-252.
[19]
Abdelzaher TF, Shin KG. Combined task and message scheduling in distributed real-time systems. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 1999; 10(11): 1179-1191.
[20]
Cuny JE, Snyder L. Conversion from data-driven to synchronous execution in loop programs. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) 1987; 9(4):599- 617.
[21]
Puschner P. Zeitanalyse von Echtzeitprogrammen. Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Universitíat Wien, Institut fíur Technische Informatik, Treitlstr. 1-3/182-1, 1040 Vienna, Austria, 1993.
[22]
Lattner C, Adve V. Llvm: A compilation framework for lifelong program analysis & transformation. Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO'04), 2004.
[23]
Infineon Technologies AG, St.-Martin-Str. 53, 81669 München, Germany. Tricore 1 User's Manual (V1.3.5), Volume 1: Core Architecture Feb 2005.
[24]
Briand LC, Roy DM. Meeting deadlines in hard real-time systems: The rate monotonic approach. IEEE Computer Society Press: Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 1997.
[25]
Kopetz H. Event-triggered versus time-triggered real-time systems. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Operating Systems of the 90s and Beyond, Springer-Verlag: London, UK, 1991; 87-101.
[26]
Lu S, Tucek J, Qin F, Zhou Y. AVIO: detecting atomicity violations via access interleaving invariants. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS '06), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2006; 37-48.
[27]
Xu J. Multiprocessor scheduling of processes with release times, deadlines, precedence, and exclusion relations. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1993; 19(2):139-154.
[28]
Zheng W, Zhu Q, Natale MD, Vincentelli AS. Definition of task allocation and priority assignment in hard real-time distributed system. Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Symposium on Real-Time Systems (RTSS '07), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2007; 161-170.
[29]
AUTOSAR. Specification of RTE software (version 1.0.1). Technical Report, Automotive Open System Architecture GbR, Jul 2006.
[30]
Object Management Group (OMG). OMG Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML), version 1.2. formal/ 2010-06-02, June 2010.
[31]
Huber B, Obermaisser R. Model-based development of integrated computer systems: Modeling the execution platform. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES '07), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2007; 151-164.
[32]
Obermaisser R, Peti P, Tagliabo F. An integrated architecture for future car generations. Real-Time Systems Journal Ju12007; 36:101-133. URL http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1265364"1265369'
[33]
Gerber R, Hong S. Slicing real-time programs for enhanced schedulability. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) 1997; 19(3):525-555.
[34]
Gopinath P, Gupta R. Applying compiler techniques to scheduling in real-time systems. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Real-Time Systems (RTSS '90), 1990; 247-256.
[35]
Kirner R, Puschner P, Prantl A. Transforming flow information during code optimization for timing analysis. Real-Time Syst. June 2010; 45:72-105.
[36]
Henzinger TA, Kirsch CM, Marques ER, Sokolova A. Distributed, modular HTL. Proceedings of the 30th IEEE International Symposium on Real-lime Systems (RTSS '09), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2009.
[37]
Farcas E, Farcas C, Pree W, Ternpl J. Transparent distribution of real-time components based on logical execution time. Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES '05), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2005; 31-39.
[38]
Wolfe VF, Davidson S, Lee I. RTC: language support for real-time concurrency. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Real-lime Systems (RTSS '91), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1991; 43-52.
[39]
Albers K, Bodmann F, Slomka F. Hierarchical event streams and event dependency graphs: A new computational model for embedded real-time systems. Proceedings of the 18th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS '06), IEEE Computer Society Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2006; 97-106.
[40]
de Niz D, Bhatia G, Rajkumar R. Model-based development of embedded systems: The sysweaver approach. Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Symposium on Real-lime and Embedded Technology and Applications (RTAS '06), IEEE Computer Society Press, 2006; 231-242.
[41]
Caspi P, Curic A, Maignan A, Sofronis C, Tripakis S, Niebert P. From Simulink to SCADE/LUSTRE to TTA: a layered approach for distributed embedded applications. Proceedings of the 2003 Joint Conference on Languages, Compilers and Tools for Embedded Systems & Soft. and Compilers for Embedded Systems (LCTES/SCOPES '03), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2003; 153-162.
[42]
Gray I, Audsley NC. Exposing non-standard architectures to embedded software using compile-time virtualisation. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures, and Synthesis for Embedded Systems (CASES '09), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2009; 147-156.
[43]
Krause M, Bringmann O, Rosenstiel W. Target software generation: an approach tbr automatic mapping of SystemC specifications onto real-time operating systems. Design Automation in Embedded Systems May 2006; 19(5):229-251.
[44]
Hoare CAR. Communicating sequential processes. Communications of the ACM Aug 1978; 21(8):666-677.
[45]
Campbell RH, Habermann AN. The specification of process synchronization by path expressions. In Operating Systems, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 16. Springer-Verlag: London, UK, 1974; 89-102.
[46]
Petri CA. Fundamentals of a theory of asynchronous information flow. In Proceedings IFIP Congress 62. North Holland PuN. Comp.: Amsterdam, 1963; 386-390.
[47]
Mackert L. Modellierung, spezifikation und korrekte realisierung von asynchronen systemen. Dissertation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitht Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut für mathematische Maschinen und Datenverarbeitung Jul, 1983.
[48]
Laventhal MS. A constructive approach to reliable synchronization code. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE '79). IEEE Computer Society Press: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 1979; 194-202.
[49]
Jahanian F, Mok AK. Modechart: A specification language for real-time systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 1994; 20(12):933-947.
[50]
Lu S, Park S, Hu C, Ma X, Jiang W, Li Z, Popa RA, Zhou Y. MUVI: automatically inferring multi-variable access correlations and detecting related semantic and concurrency bugs. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '07). ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2007; 103-116.

Index Terms

  1. THE RTSC: MIGRATING EVENT-TRIGGERED SYSTEMS TO TIME-TRIGGERED SYSTEMS
        Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image Software—Practice & Experience
        Software—Practice & Experience  Volume 41, Issue 12
        November 2011
        162 pages

        Publisher

        John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

        United States

        Publication History

        Published: 01 November 2011

        Author Tags

        1. event-triggered systems
        2. real-time systems
        3. time-triggered systems

        Qualifiers

        • Article

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • 0
          Total Citations
        • 0
          Total Downloads
        • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
        Reflects downloads up to 06 Oct 2024

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        View Options

        View options

        Get Access

        Login options

        Media

        Figures

        Other

        Tables

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media