research-article

Re-viewing reality

Authors:

ALEX W STEDMON,

ROBERT J STONEAuthors Info & Claims

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Volume 55, Issue 4

Pages 675 - 698

https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2001.0498

Published: 01 October 2001 Publication History

Abstract

Computer-based training (CBT) has become an important training tool and is used effectively in providing part-task activities. In the military domain virtual environments (VEs) have long been exploited, mainly through virtual reality (VR), to create realistic working environments. More recently, augmented reality (AR) and advanced embedded training (AET) concepts have also emerged and the development of “AR-AET” and “VR-CBT” concepts promise to become essential tools within military training. Whilst the advantages of both AR and VR are attractive, the challenges for delivering such applications are, generally, technology led. Equally as important, however, is the incorporation of human factors design and implementation techniques and this has been recognized by the development and publication of International Standard ISO 13407, Human-Centred Design Processes for Interactive Systems. Examples described in this paper serve to review Human Factors issues associated with the use of both AR and VR training systems. Whilst there are common issues between AR and VR applications in considering the potential of synthetic training environments, it is also necessary to address particular human-centred design issues within each application domain.

References

[1]

AIAA, 1993, Guide to human performance measurements, American National Standard

[2]

R. AZUMA, Tracking requirements for augmented reality, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 36 (1993) 71-80.

Digital Library

[3]

BARNETT, B. HELBING, K. HANCOCK, G. HEININGER, R. PERRIN, B. 2000, An evaluation of the training effectiveness of virtual environments, Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation & Education Conference

[4]

CAUDELL, T. P. 1994, Introduction to augmented reality, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 2351: Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, 158, 172

[5]

C.A. COOK, A.M. O'SHEA, A.L. YOUNG, A.W. STEDMON, Helpful feedback? Deriving guidelines for advanced training systems, Human Factors & Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, 1999.

[6]

D. CROFT, I. CRAIG, Cognitive Technologies GroupCentre for Human Sciences, Hampshire, 1998.

[7]

EARTHY, J. SHERWOOD JONES, B. BEVAN, N. 2001, The improvement of human-centred processes¿facing the challenge and reaping the benefit of ISO 13407, International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 55, 553, 585

[8]

S. FEINER, B. MacINTYRE, D. SELIGMANN, Knowledge-based augmented reality, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 36 (1993) 53-62.

Digital Library

[9]

J.D. FLETCHER, Does this stuff work? Some findings from applications of technology to education and training, Society for Applied Learning Technology, Warrenton, 1996.

[10]

HILL, K. KALAWSKY, R. S. 2000, Experimental Research into Human Cognitive Processing in an Augmented Reality Environment¿Final Report, Loughborough University Advanced VR Research Centre

[11]

R.S. KALAWSKY, K. HILL, A.W. STEDMON, C.A. COOK, A.L. YOUNG, Experimental research into human cognitive processing in an augmented reality environment for embedded training systems, Virtual Reality, 51 (2000) 1-8.

[12]

B. KIRWAN, L.K. AINSWORTH, Taylor and Francis, London, 1993.

[13]

D. MEISTER, Wiley, New York, 1985.

[14]

D. MEISTER, Elsevier, New York, 1986.

[15]

L.G. MILITELLO, R.J.B. HUTTON, Applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA): a practitioner's toolkit for understanding cognitive task demands, Ergonomics, 41 (1998) 1618-1641.

[16]

G.A. MILLER, The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information, The Psychological Review, 63 (1956) 81-97.

[17]

K. MOLTENBREY, Tornado Watchers, Computer Graphics World, 23 (2000) 24-28.

[18]

S. NICHOLS, C. HALDANE, J.R. WILSON, Measurement of presence and its consequences in virtual environments, International Journal of Human¿Computer Studies, 52 (2000) 471-491.

Digital Library

[19]

O'SHEA, A. M. COOK, C. A. YOUNG, A. L. 1999, The use of augmented reality in the provision of training feedback, Proceedings of the International Training & Education Conference, 328, 336

[20]

K. SHEPHERD, Almost touching the Tornado, Avionics, 24 (2000) 21-24.

[21]

L. STANDING, Learning 10,000 pictures, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25 (1973) 558-572.

[22]

A.W. STEDMON, K. HILL, R.S. KALAWSKY, C.A. COOK, Old theories, new technologies: comprehension and retention issues in augmented reality systems, Human Factors & Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, 1999.

[23]

A.W. STEDMON, K. HILL, R.S. KALAWSKY, C.A. COOK, Old theories, new technologies: cumulative clutter effects using augmented reality, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, London, 1999.

[24]

A.W. STEDMON, P. MOORE, R.S. KALAWSKY, M. AUNG, J. PURCELL, C. REEH, T. YORK, It's not what you wear, it's how you wear it: human factors of wearable computers, Human Factors & Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, 1999.

[25]

T.F.M. STEWART, Ergonomics standards¿the good, the bad and the ugly, in: Contemporary Ergonomics 1998. Proceedings of The Ergonomics Society Annual Conference, Taylor & Francis, London, 1998, pp. 3-7.

[26]

STONE, R. J. 1997, Report on 3D Representations for Tactical Displays, GregoryHarland Ltd. 14 High Street, Windsor, UK

[27]

R.J. STONE, Virtual reality. Virtual and synthetic environments: technologies and applications, in: International Encyclopaedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Taylor & Francis, London, 2001.

[28]

R.J. STONE, The wide scope of VR applications, in: Virtual Environments Handbook, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, 2001.

[29]

STONE, R. J. 2001c, A human-centred definition of surgical procedures, IERAPSI

[30]

STONE, R. J. 2001d, Virtual reality for interactive training: an industrial practitioner's viewpoint, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 55, 699, 711

[31]

D. VREULS, R.W. OBERMAYER, Human-system performance measurement in training simulators, Human Factors, 27 (1985) 241-250.

[32]

C.D. WICKENS, Harper Collins, New York, 1992.

[33]

J.R. WILSON, Virtual environments and ergonomics: needs and opportunities, Ergonomics, 40 (1997) 1057-1077.

[34]

A.L. YOUNG, A.W. STEDMON, C.A. COOK, The potential of augmented reality technology for training support, Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 1999.

[35]

W. ZACHARY, J. RYDER, J. HICINBOTHOM, K. BRACKEN, The use of executable cognitive models in simulation-based intelligent embedded training, Human Factors & Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, 1997.

Cited By

Almeida RGonçalves TRaposo A(2024)Using learning environments for military studyProceedings of the 26th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality10.1145/3691573.3691593(185-192)Online publication date: 30-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3691573.3691593
Dincelli EYayla A(2022)Immersive virtual reality in the age of the MetaverseThe Journal of Strategic Information Systems10.1016/j.jsis.2022.10171731:2Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.jsis.2022.101717
Clay ABottecchia SMollard RWolff M(2016)User evaluation of an augmented reality prototype for expert/field operator remote assistance in aeronauticsProceedings of the 15th Ergo'IA "Ergonomie Et Informatique Avancée" Conference10.1145/3050385.3050387(1-8)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3050385.3050387
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Re-viewing reality
1. Applied computing
  1. Education
    1. Computer-assisted instruction
2. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Graphics systems and interfaces
      1. Virtual reality

Recommendations

Merging environments for shared spaces in mixed reality
VRST '18: Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

In virtual reality a real walking interface limits the extent of a virtual environment to our local walkable space. As local spaces are specific to each user, sharing a virtual environment with others for collaborative work or games becomes complicated. ...
Haptics in Augmented Reality
ICMCS '99: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2

An augmented reality system merges synthetic sensory information into a user's perception of a three-dimensional environment. An important performance goal for an augmented reality system is that the user perceives a single seamless environment. In most ...
Extending Virtual Reality Display Wall Environments Using Augmented Reality
SUI '19: Symposium on Spatial User Interaction

Two major form factors for virtual reality are head-mounted displays and large display environments such as CAVE®and the LCD-based successor CAVE2®. Each of these has distinct advantages and limitations based on how they’re used. This work explores ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume 55, Issue 4

October 2001

356 pages

ISSN:1071-5819

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © Academic Press.

Publisher

Academic Press, Inc.

United States

Publication History

Published: 01 October 2001

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

7
Total Citations
View Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 15 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Almeida RGonçalves TRaposo A(2024)Using learning environments for military studyProceedings of the 26th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality10.1145/3691573.3691593(185-192)Online publication date: 30-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3691573.3691593
Dincelli EYayla A(2022)Immersive virtual reality in the age of the MetaverseThe Journal of Strategic Information Systems10.1016/j.jsis.2022.10171731:2Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.jsis.2022.101717
Clay ABottecchia SMollard RWolff M(2016)User evaluation of an augmented reality prototype for expert/field operator remote assistance in aeronauticsProceedings of the 15th Ergo'IA "Ergonomie Et Informatique Avancée" Conference10.1145/3050385.3050387(1-8)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3050385.3050387
Nathanael DMosialos SVosniakos GTsagkas V(2016)Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Training System Based on Cognitive Task AnalysisHuman Factors in Ergonomics & Manufacturing10.1002/hfm.2061326:1(52-67)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1002/hfm.20613
Borsci SLawson GBroome S(2015)Empirical evidence, evaluation criteria and challenges for the effectiveness of virtual and mixed reality tools for training operators of car service maintenanceComputers in Industry10.1016/j.compind.2014.12.00267:C(17-26)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.compind.2014.12.002
Nathanael DVosniakos GMosialos SNeerincx MBrinkman W(2010)Cognitive task analysis for virtual reality trainingProceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics10.1145/1962300.1962350(241-244)Online publication date: 25-Aug-2010
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1962300.1962350
Upadrasta BKhasawneh MLam S(2007)Advanced technology training for operating the microlithography panel printerProceedings of the 1st international conference on Digital human modeling10.5555/1784074.1784190(998-1007)Online publication date: 22-Jul-2007
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1784074.1784190

View Options

View options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents