Article

A Formal Model of the Kubernetes Container Framework

Authors:

Gianluca Turin,

Andrea Borgarelli,

Simone Donetti,

Einar Broch Johnsen,

Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa,

Ferruccio DamianiAuthors Info & Claims

Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Verification Principles: 9th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, ISoLA 2020, Rhodes, Greece, October 20–30, 2020, Proceedings, Part I

Pages 558 - 577

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61362-4_32

Published: 20 October 2020 Publication History

Abstract

Loosely-coupled distributed systems organized as collections of so-called cloud-native microservices are able to adapt to traffic in very fine-grained and flexible ways. For this purpose, the cloud-native microservices exploit containerization and container management systems such as Kubernetes. This paper presents a formal model of resource consumption and scaling for containerized microservices deployed and managed by Kubernetes. Our aim is that the model, developed in Real-Time ABS, can be used as a framework to explore the behavior of deployed systems under various configurations at design time—before the systems are actually deployed. We further present initial results comparing the observed behavior of instances of our modeling framework to corresponding observations of real systems. These preliminary results suggest that the modeling framework can provide a satisfactory accuracy with respect to the behavior of distributed microservices managed by Kubernetes.

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Cited By

Uhrmacher AFrazier PHähnle RKlügl FLorig FLudäscher BNenzi LRuiz-Martin CRumpe BSzabo CWainer GWilsdorf P(2024)Context, Composition, Automation, and Communication: The C2AC Roadmap for Modeling and SimulationACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation10.1145/367322634:4(1-51)Online publication date: 13-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3673226
Kamburjan EScaletta MRollshausen N(2023)Deductive verification of active objects with Crowbar▪Science of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2023.102928226:COnline publication date: 1-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.scico.2023.102928
Schlatte RBroch Johnsen EKamburjan ETapia Tarifa S(2022)The ABS simulator toolchainScience of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2022.102861223:COnline publication date: 1-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.scico.2022.102861
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Published In

cover image Guide Proceedings

Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Verification Principles: 9th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, ISoLA 2020, Rhodes, Greece, October 20–30, 2020, Proceedings, Part I

Oct 2020

595 pages

ISBN:978-3-030-61361-7

DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-61362-4

Editors:
Tiziana Margaria
Lero, Limerick, Ireland
,
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg

Publication History

Published: 20 October 2020

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Cited By

Uhrmacher AFrazier PHähnle RKlügl FLorig FLudäscher BNenzi LRuiz-Martin CRumpe BSzabo CWainer GWilsdorf P(2024)Context, Composition, Automation, and Communication: The C2AC Roadmap for Modeling and SimulationACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation10.1145/367322634:4(1-51)Online publication date: 13-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3673226
Kamburjan EScaletta MRollshausen N(2023)Deductive verification of active objects with Crowbar▪Science of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2023.102928226:COnline publication date: 1-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.scico.2023.102928
Schlatte RBroch Johnsen EKamburjan ETapia Tarifa S(2022)The ABS simulator toolchainScience of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2022.102861223:COnline publication date: 1-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.scico.2022.102861
Schlatte RJohnsen EKamburjan ETapia Tarifa S(2021)Modeling and Analyzing Resource-Sensitive Actors: A Tutorial IntroductionCoordination Models and Languages10.1007/978-3-030-78142-2_1(3-19)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-78142-2_1

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