Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1007/978-3-031-13643-6_5guideproceedingsArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesConference Proceedingsacm-pubtype
Article

The Effect of Prolonged Exposure to Online Education on a Classroom Search Companion

Published: 05 September 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Exposure to technology impacts children’s perception and conceptualisation of the way devices they regularly use work. This prompts us to study if almost two years of online teaching, enabled by a broad range of technologies, have influenced the way children imagine a search companion would look and behave when helping them perform school-related search tasks. We conducted a 2-stage study during which children ages 9 to 11 drew and described their imaginary search companion; they also chose a few desirable and non-necessary traits. By following the protocol of a study conducted pre-pandemic, we contextualise salient altered expectations that we attribute to exposure to technology prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight and discuss emerging trends observed from the analysis of data gathered before and after the extensive online experience and how these will guide the design of functionality of a search companion for the classroom.

References

[1]
Allen, G.M., Gadiraju, U., Yang, J., Pera, M.S.: Using conversational artificial intelligence to support children’s search in the classroom. In: CUI@ CSCW: Inclusive and Collaborative Child-Facing Voice Technologies: A Workshop at the Virtual ACM CSCW 2021 Conference (2021)
[2]
Anuyah, O., Milton, A., Green, M., Pera, M.S.: An empirical analysis of search engines’ response to web search queries associated with the classroom setting. Aslib J. Inf. Manag. (2020)
[3]
Azpiazu IM, Dragovic N, Pera MS, and Fails JA Online searching and learning: YUM and other search tools for children and teachers Inf. Retr. J. 2017 20 5 524-545
[4]
Barros G et al. Stephanidis C, Antona M, Ntoa S, et al. Learning interactions: robotics supporting the classroom HCI International 2021 - Posters 2021 Cham Springer 3-10
[5]
Bhatti, N., Stelter, T.L., Scott McCrickard, D.: The interactive show: a conversational companion for young children and childcare assistant for parents. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, pp. 221–223 (2020)
[6]
Bilal D and Gwizdka J Children’s query types and reformulations in google search Inf. Process. Manag. 2018 54 6 1022-1041
[7]
Bird S, Klein E, and Loper E Natural Language Processing with Python: Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit 2009 Sebastopol O’Reilly Media Inc.
[8]
Blikstad-Balas M and Klette K Still a long way to go: narrow and transmissive use of technology in the classroom Nordic J. Digit. Lit. 2020 15 1 55-68
[9]
Burnett C The Digital Age and Its Implications for Learning and Teaching in the Primary School 2016 Heslington Cambridge Primary Review Trust York
[10]
Cassell J Embodied conversational agents: representation and intelligence in user interfaces AI Mag. 2001 22 4 67
[11]
Collins-Thompson, K., Hansen, P., Hauff, C.: Search as learning (Dagstuhl seminar 17092). Dagstuhl Reports, vol. 7. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2017)
[12]
Downs, B., French, T., Wright, K.L., Pera, M.S., Kennington, C., Fails, J.A.: Searching for spellcheckers: what kids want, what kids need. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 568–573 (2019)
[13]
Druga, S., Williams, R., Breazeal, C., Resnick, M.: Hey google is it ok if I eat you?: Initial explorations in child-agent interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 595–600. ACM (2017)
[14]
Festerling J and Siraj I Alexa, what are you? Exploring primary school children’s ontological perceptions of digital voice assistants in open interactions Hum. Dev. 2020 64 1 26-43
[15]
Garg, R., Sengupta, S.: Conversational technologies for in-home learning: using co-design to understand children’s and parents’ perspectives. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2020)
[16]
Hales PD et al. Alexa?: Possibilities of voice assistant technology and artificial intelligence in the classroom Empower. Res. Educ. 2019 3 1 4
[17]
Hodges, C.B., Moore, S., Lockee, B.B., Trust, T., Aaron Bond, M.: The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning (2020)
[18]
Hu X, Chiu MM, Leung WMV, and Yelland N Technology integration for young children during COVID-19: towards future online teaching Br. J. Educ. Technol. 2021 52 4 1513-1537
[19]
Hyndman B Ten reasons why teachers can struggle to use technology in the classroom Sci. Educ. News 2018 67 4 41-42
[20]
Kucirkova N, Toda Y, and Flewitt R Young children’s use of personalized technologies: insights from teachers and digital software designers in Japan Technol. Knowl. Learn. 2021 26 3 535-554
[21]
Kumar, P.C., Chetty, M., Clegg, T.L., Vitak, J.: Privacy and security considerations for digital technology use in elementary schools. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2019)
[22]
Landoni, M., Murgia, E., Gramuglio, F., Manfredi, G.: Fiction design of a 3d tutor for and with school children. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions, ACHI, pp. 94–97 (2018)
[23]
Landoni, M., Murgia, E., Gramuglio, F., Manfredi, G.: Teaching an alien: children recommending what and how to learn. In: 2nd KidRec Workshop Colocated with ACM IDC (2018)
[24]
Landoni M, Matteri D, Murgia E, Huibers T, Pera MS, et al. Crestani F et al. Sonny, Cerca! Evaluating the impact of using a vocal assistant to search at school Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction 2019 Cham Springer 101-113
[25]
Landoni, M., Murgia, E., Huibers, T., Pera, M.S.: You’ve got a friend in me: children and search agents. In: Adjunct Publication of the 28th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 89–94 (2020)
[26]
Landoni M, Huibers T, Murgia E, and Pera MS Ethical implications for children’s use of search tools in an educational setting Int. J. Child Comput. Interact. 2021 32 100386
[27]
Landoni, M., Huibers, T., Pera, M.S., Fails, J.A.: 5th KidRec workshop: search and recommendation technology through the lens of a teacher. In: Interaction Design and Children, pp. 658–661 (2021)
[28]
Lee, S., Kim, S., Lee, S.: “What does your agent look like?” A drawing study to understand users’ perceived persona of conversational agent. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–6 (2019)
[29]
Lovato, S., Piper, A.M.: “Siri, is this you?” Understanding young children’s interactions with voice input systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 335–338 (2015)
[30]
Lovato SB and Piper AM Young children and voice search: what we know from human-computer interaction research Front. Psychol. 2019 10 8
[31]
Lovato, S.B., Piper, A.M., Wartella, E.A.: Hey google, do unicorns exist? Conversational agents as a path to answers to children’s questions. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 301–313 (2019)
[32]
Luger, E., Sellen, A.: “Like having a really bad pa” the gulf between user expectation and experience of conversational agents. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 5286–5297 (2016)
[33]
Mack, N.A., Moon Rembert, D.G., Cummings, R., Gilbert, J.E.: Co-designing an intelligent conversational history tutor with children. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 482–487 (2019)
[34]
Martha ASD and Santoso HB The design and impact of the pedagogical agent: a systematic literature review J. Educ. Online 2019 16 1 n1
[35]
Matsui, T., Yamada, S.: Two-dimensional mind perception model of humanoid virtual agent. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction, pp. 311–316. ACM (2017)
[36]
Mercer N, Hennessy S, and Warwick P Dialogue, thinking together and digital technology in the classroom: some educational implications of a continuing line of inquiry Int. J. Educ. Res. 2019 97 187-199
[37]
Meyer M et al. How educational are “educational” apps for young children? App store content analysis using the four pillars of learning framework J. Child. Media 2021 15 4 526-548
[38]
Milton, A., Anuya, O., Spear, L., Wright, K.L., Pera, M.S.: A ranking strategy to promote resources supporting the classroom environment. In: 2020 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT), pp. 121–128. IEEE (2020)
[39]
Monarca, I., Cibrian, F.L, Mendoza, A., Hayes, G., Tentori, M.: Why doesn’t the conversational agent understand me? A language analysis of children speech. In: Adjunct Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, pp. 90–93 (2020)
[40]
Murgia, E., Landoni, M., Huibers, T.W.C., Fails, J.A., Pera, M.S.: The seven layers of complexity of recommender systems for children in educational contexts. In: Workshop on Recommendation in Complex Scenarios 2019, pp. 5–9 (2019)
[41]
Murgia, E., Landoni, M., Huibers, T., Pera, M.S.: All together now: teachers as research partners in the design of search technology for the classroom. In: KidRec 2021: 5th International and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Children & Recommender and Information Retrieval Systems (KidRec) Search and Recommendation Technology through the Lens of a Teacher- Co-located with ACM IDC 2021, 26 June 2021, Online Event. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.03708 (2021)
[42]
Obaid M, Barendregt W, Alves-Oliveira P, Paiva A, and Fjeld M Designing robotic teaching assistants: interaction design students’ and children’s views Social Robotics 2015 Cham Springer 502-511
[43]
Oranç C and Ruggeri A “Alexa, let me ask you something different” children’s adaptive information search with voice assistants Hum. Behav. Emerging Technol. 2021 3 4 595-605
[44]
Pérez-Marín D and Pascual-Nieto I An exploratory study on how children interact with pedagogic conversational agents Behav. Inf. Technol. 2013 32 9 955-964
[45]
Purington, A., Taft, J., Sannon, S., Bazarova, N., Taylor, S.H.: Alexa is my new BFF: social roles, user satisfaction, and personification of the amazon echo. In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2853–2859. ACM (2017)
[46]
Rankin, Y.A., Henderson, K.K.: Resisting racism in tech design: centering the experiences of black youth. In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW1), pp. 1–32 (2021)
[47]
Sáiz-Manzanares MC, Marticorena-Sánchez R, and Ochoa-Orihuel J Effectiveness of using voice assistants in learning: a study at the time of COVID-19 Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health 2020 17 15 5618
[48]
Szczuka JM, Strathmann C, Szymczyk N, Mavrina L, and Krämer NC How do children acquire knowledge about voice assistants? A longitudinal field study on children’s knowledge about how voice assistants store and process data Int. J. Child Comput. Interact. 2022 33
[49]
Terzopoulos G and Satratzemi M Voice assistants and smart speakers in everyday life and in education Inform. Educ. 2020 19 3 473-490
[50]
Trippa, J.R.: Spoken conversational search: audio-only interactive information retrieval. Ph.D. thesis, RMIT University (2019)
[51]
Urrutia, E.K.M., Ocaña, J.M., Pérez-Marín, D., Tamayo, S.: A first proposal of pedagogic conversational agents to develop computational thinking in children. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, pp. 1–6 (2017)
[52]
Usta, A., Altingovde, I.S., Vidinli, I.B., Ozcan, R., Ulusoy, Ö.: How k-12 students search for learning? Analysis of an educational search engine log. In: Proceedings of the 37th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1151–1154 (2014)
[53]
Vanderlyn, L., Weber, G., Neumann, M., Väth, D., Meyer, S., Vu, N.T.: “it seemed like an annoying woman”: on the perception and ethical considerations of affective language in text-based conversational agents. In: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 44–57 (2021)
[54]
Vtyurina, A., Savenkov, D., Agichtein, E., Clarke, C.L.A.: Exploring conversational search with humans, assistants, and wizards. In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2187–2193. ACM (2017)
[55]
Ward W et al. My science tutor: a conversational multimedia virtual tutor for elementary school science ACM Trans. Speech Lang. Process. (TSLP) 2011 7 4 1-29
[56]
Wiggins, J.B., et al.: From doodles to designs: Participatory pedagogical agent design with elementary students. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 642–647. ACM (2019)
[57]
Wojcik EH, Prasad A, Hutchinson SP, and Shen K Children prefer to learn from smart devices, but do not trust them more than humans Int. J. Child Comput. Interact. 2021 32 100406
[58]
Woodward, J., McFadden, Z., Shiver, N., Ben-hayon, A., Yip, J.C., Anthony, L.: Using co-design to examine how children conceptualize intelligent interfaces. In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 575. ACM (2018)
[59]
Xu, Y., Warschauer, M.: A content analysis of voice-based apps on the market for early literacy development. In: Proceedings of the Interaction Design and Children Conference, pp. 361–371 (2020)
[60]
Xu, Y., Warschauer, M.: “Elinor is talking to me on the screen!” Integrating conversational agents into children’s television programming. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–8 (2020)
[61]
Xu, Y., Warschauer, M.: What are you talking to?: Understanding children’s perceptions of conversational agents. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–13 (2020)
[62]
Xu Y, Aubele J, Vigil V, Bustamante AS, Kim Y-S, and Warschauer M Dialogue with a conversational agent promotes children’s story comprehension via enhancing engagement Child Dev. 2021 93 e149-e167
[63]
Yang, X., Aurisicchio, M., Baxter, W.: Understanding affective experiences with conversational agents. In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, p. 542. ACM (2019)
[64]
Yarosh, S., et al.: Children asking questions: speech interface reformulations and personification preferences. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Interaction Design and Children, pp. 300–312 (2018)
[65]
Yuan Y et al. Speech interface reformulations and voice assistant personification preferences of children and parents Int. J. Child Comput. Interact. 2019 21 77-88
[66]
Zajonc RB Attitudinal effects of mere exposure J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1968 9 2p2 1

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Guide Proceedings
Experimental IR Meets Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction: 13th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2022, Bologna, Italy, September 5–8, 2022, Proceedings
Sep 2022
581 pages
ISBN:978-3-031-13642-9
DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-13643-6

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg

Publication History

Published: 05 September 2022

Author Tags

  1. children
  2. classroom
  3. search companion
  4. COVID-19

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 15 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

View options

Get Access

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media