Formal reliability and failure analysis of ethernet based communication networks in a smart grid substation
Pages 71 - 111
Abstract
Secure and continuous operation of a smart grid substation mainly depends upon the reliable functioning of its communication network. The communication system of a smart substation is typically based on a high performance Ethernet communication network that connects various intelligent embedded devices, such as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) andMerging Units (MU), to ensure continuous monitoring, automation and efficient demand response of the smart substation. Traditionally, Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) and Fault Tree (FT) methods are used to develop reliability and failure models for these communication networks by considering the failure characteristics of their substation intelligent embedded devices and other components, like transformers and circuit breakers. These resulting reliability and failure models are then analyzed using paper-and-pencil methods or computer simulations, but they cannot assure accuracy in the analysis due to their inherent limitations. As an accurate alternative, we propose a methodology, based on higher-order logic theorem proving, for conducting the formal RBD and FT-based reliability and failure analysis of smart substation communication networks, respectively. This paper also describes a sound transformation of smart grid FT models to their equivalent RBDs - a well-known method to reduce the complexity of FT-based failure analysis. Some ML-based tactics have been developed to automatically compute the reliability and failure probability of smart grid substations for practical purposes.
References
References
[1]
Andrews JD and Beeson S Birnbaum's measure of component importance for noncoherent systems IEEE Trans Reliab 2003 52 2 213-219
[2]
Adamiak M, Baigent D, Mackiewicz R (2010) IEC 61850 communication networks and systems in substations: an overview for users. In: Technical report, SISCO Systems
[3]
Ahmad W and Hasan O Kerber M, Carette J, Kaliszyk C, Rabe F, and Sorge V Towards formal fault tree analysis using theorem proving Conferences on intelligent computer mathematics 2015 Berlin Springer 39-54
[4]
Ahmad W and Hasan O Fränzle M, Kapur D, and Zhan N Formalization of fault trees in higher-order logic: a deep embedding approach Dependable software engineering: theories, tools, and applications 2016 Berlin Springer 264-279
[5]
Ahmad W (2017) Formal dependability analysis using higher-order-logic theorem proving. Ph.D. Thesis, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
[6]
Ahmad W (2019) Formal dependability analysis of ethernet based communication networks in a smart substation, proof script. http://save.seecs.nust.edu.pk/smartgrids/
[7]
Ahmed W, Hasan O, and Tahar S Formalization of reliability block diagrams in higher-order logic J Appl Logic 2016 18 19-41
[8]
Ahmad W, Hasan O, Tahar S, and Hamdi MS Watt SM, Davenport JH, Sexton AP, Sojka P, and Urban J Towards the formal reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines Conferences on intelligent computer mathematics 2014 Berlin Springer 30-44
[9]
Ahmad W, Hasan O, Tahar S, and Hamdi MS Formal reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines Proc Inst Mech Eng Part O J Risk Reliab 2018 232 3 320-334
[10]
ASENT, RBD Analysis Tool. https://www.raytheoneagle.com/asent/rbd.htm. Accessed on 05 Sept 2019
[11]
Ali I, Thomas MS, Gupta S, and Hussain SMS IEC 61850 Substation communication network architecture for efficient energy system automation Energy Technol Pol 2015 2 1 82-91
[12]
Bilintion R and Allan RN Reliability evaluation of engineering system 1992 Berlin Springer
[13]
Bozzano M, Cimatti A, Katoen J, Nguyen V, Noll T, and Roveri M Buth B, Rabe G, and Seyfarth T The compass approach: correctness, modelling and performability of aerospace systems Computer safety, reliability, and security 2009 Berlin Springer 173-186
[14]
Benthem JV and Doets K Gabbay D and Guenthner F Higher-order logic Handbook of philosophical logic 1983 Pennsylvania IGI Global 275-329
[15]
Babu S, Hilber P, and Jürgensen JH On the status of reliability studies involving primary and secondary equipment applied to power system Probabilistic methods applied to power systems, July 7–10 2014 Durham IEEE 1-6
[16]
Birolini A Reliability engineering: theory and practice 2004 Berlin Springer
[17]
Bistouni F and Jahanshahi M Determining the reliability importance of switching elements in the shuffle-exchange networks Int J Parallel Emerg Distrib Syst 2018 4 1-29
[18]
Baier C and Katoen JP Principles of model checking 2008 New York MIT Press
[19]
Brown CE Automated reasoning in higher-order logic: set comprehension and extensionality in Church's type theory 2007 Charleston College Publications
[20]
Blackett AW, Teachman ME, Forth BJ (2005) Communications architecture for intelligent electronic devices. US Patent 6,944,555
[21]
Chen SG Reduced recursive inclusion-exclusion principle for the probability of union events International conference on industrial engineering and engineering management, Dec 9–12 2014 Bandar Sunway IEEE 11-13
[22]
Church A A formulation of the simple theory of types J Symb Logic 1940 5 56-68
[23]
Chen L, Zhang K, Xia Y, and Hu G Structure design and performance analysis of substation area backup protection communication network in smart substation Przeglkad Elektrotechniczny 2013 89 5 182-186
[24]
Elleuch M, Hasan O, Tahar S, and Abid M Qin S and Qiu Z Formal analysis of a scheduling algorithm for wireless sensor networks Formal engineering methods 2011 Berlin Springer 388-403
[25]
Fitting F First-order logic and automated theorem proving 1996 New York Springer
[26]
Gallasch GE and Billington J Valmari A A parametric state space for the analysis of the infinite class of stop-and-wait protocols Model checking software 2006 Berlin Springer 201-218
[27]
Gordon MJC and Melham TF Introduction to HOL a theorem proving environment for higher-order logic 1993 Cambridge Cambridge Press
[28]
Gordon MJC Birtwistle G and Subrahmanyam PA Mechanizing programming logics in higher-order logic Current trends in hardware verification and automated theorem proving 1989 Berlin Springer 387-439
[29]
CLA Group. Configuration benchmarks library (CLib). Aralia Fault Trees, IT - University of Copenhagen. https://www.itu.dk/research/cla/externals/clib/. Accessed on 5 Sept 2019
[30]
Harrison J (1996) Formalized mathematics. Technical report 36, Turku Centre for Computer Science, Finland
[31]
Harrison J Handbook of practical logic and automated reasoning 2009 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
[32]
Hajian-Hoseinabadi H Impacts of automated control systems on substation reliability IEEE Trans Power Deliv 2011 26 3 1681-1691
[33]
Holzl J and Heller A van Eekelen M, Geuvers H, Schmaltz J, and Wiedijk F Three chapters of measure theory in Isabelle/HOL Interactive theorem proving 2011 Berlin Springer 135-151
[34]
Henley EJ and Kumamoto H Reliability engineering and risk assessment 1981 New Jersey Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs
[35]
Hasan O and Tahar S Pfenning F Formalization of continuous probability distributions Automated deduction 2007 Berlin Springer 3-18
[36]
Hasan O and Tahar S Performance analysis of ARQ protocols using a theorem prover Performance analysis of systems and software, April 20–22 2008 Austin IEEE 85-94
[37]
Hasan O and Tahar S Encyclopedia of information science and technology, chapter formal verification methods 2014 Pennsylvania IGI Global 7162-7170
[38]
Hurd J (2003) Formal verification of probabilistic algorithms. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
[39]
IEC 61850. Embedded software development and verification to IEC 61508 with formal methods. https://www.eschertech.com/standards/iec61508.php. Accessed 5 Sept 2019
[40]
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): 61025 Fault tree analysis. (2006). https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4311 Accessed 5 Sept 2019
[41]
Khurram A, Ali H, Tariq A, and Hasan O Pecheur C and Dierkes M Formal reliability analysis of protective relays in power distribution systems Formal methods for industrial critical systems 2013 Berlin Springer 169-183
[42]
Kumar P, Lin Y, Bai G, Paverd A, Dong JS, and Martin A Smart grid metering networks: a survey on security, privacy and open research issues IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 2019 21 3 2886-2927
[43]
Kwiatkowska M, Norman G, and Parker D Iyengar MS Probabilistic model checking for systems biology Symbolic systems biology: theory and methods 2010 Burlington Jones and Bartlett 31-59
[44]
Kanabar MG and Sidhu TS Reliability and availability analysis of IEC 61850 based substation communication architectures Power and energy society general meeting, July 26–30 2009 Calgary IEEE 1-7
[45]
Kleyner A and Volovoi V Application of petri nets to reliability prediction of occupant safety systems with partial detection and repair Reliab Eng Syst Saf 2010 95 6 606-613
[46]
Mackiewicz RE (2006) Overview of IEC 61850 and benefits. In: Power systems conference and exposition. IEEE, pp 623–630
[47]
Murphy K, Carter C, Grimes E, Malerich A (2019) RAPTOR 7.0 Tutorial Workbook, http://raptorddr.com/pb/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Raptor-User-Manual-20130607.pdf Accessed 5 Sept 2019
[48]
Mhamdi T, Hasan O, and Tahar S Kaufmann M and Paulson LC On the formalization of the lebesgue integration theory in HOL Interactive theorem proving 2011 Berlin Springer 387-402
[49]
Milner R A theory of type polymorphism in programming J Comput Syst Sci 1977 17 348-375
[50]
Martins J, Platzer A, and Leite J Qin S and Qiu Z Statistical model checking for distributed probabilistic-control hybrid automata with smart grid applications Formal methods and software engineering 2011 Berlin Springer 131-146
[51]
MSNBC. Blackout Costs N.Y. City $1 Billion, (2003) http://www.andersoneconomicgroup.com/LinkClick.aspx?link=upload/Doc298.pdf. Accessed 5 Sept 2019
[52]
Narasimhan K Reliability engineering: theory and practice TQM Mag 2005 17 2 209-210
[53]
Niyato D, Wang P, and Hossain E Reliability analysis and redundancy design of smart grid wireless communications system for demand side management IEEE Wireless Commun 2012 19 3 38-46
[54]
Oliva J, Llanes J, Ojeda M, and Valle A Advanced combinatorial method for solving complex fault trees Anna Nucl Energy 2018 120 666-681
[55]
Ortmeier F and Schellhorn G Formal fault tree analysis–practical experiences Electron Notes Theor Comput Sci 2007 185 139-151
[56]
Paulson LC ML for the working programmer 1996 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
[57]
Palin R, Ward D, Habli I, and Rivett R ISO 26262 safety cases: compliance and assurance International conference on system safety, Sep 20–22 2011 Birmingham IEEE 1-6
[58]
ReliaSoft. http://www.reliasoft.com/. Accessed 5 Sept 2019
[59]
ReliaSoft. System analysis reference: reliability, availability and optimization. Technical report technical report, ReliaSoft Corporation, USA, (2015) http://www.synthesisplatform.net/references/System_Analysis_Reference.pdf. Accessed 5 Sept 2019
[60]
Rose L, Ivaldi G (2009) Ring rapid spanning tree protocol, US Patent 7,564,779
[61]
Robidoux R, Xu H, Xing L, and Zhou M Automated modeling of dynamic reliability block diagrams using colored petri nets IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part A Syst Hum 2010 40 2 337-351
[62]
Signoret JP, Dutuit Y, Cacheux PJ, Folleau C, Collas S, and Thomas P Make your petri nets understandable: reliability block diagrams driven petri nets Reliab Eng Syst Saf 2013 113 61-75
[63]
Trivedi KS Probability and statistics with reliability, queuing and computer science applications 2002 Hoboken Wiley
[64]
Wäfler J and Heegaard PE A combined structural and dynamic modelling approach for dependability analysis in smart grid Symposium on applied computing, Mar 18–22 2013 Coimbra ACM 660-665
[65]
Yu R, Chen Y, Pan J, and Vesel RW Generic reliability evaluation method for industrial grids with variable frequency drives Energy Power Eng 2013 5 04 83
[66]
Yuksel E, Zhu H, Nielson HR, Huang H, and Nielson F Modelling and analysis of smart grid: a stochastic model checking case study International symposium on theoretical aspects of software engineering, July 4–6 2012 Beijing IEEE 25-32
[67]
Zeng R, Jiang Y, Lin C, and Shen X Dependability analysis of control center networks in smart grid using stochastic petri nets IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 2012 23 9 1721-1730
Index Terms
- Formal reliability and failure analysis of ethernet based communication networks in a smart grid substation
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
Recommendations
Reliability analysis of smart grid communication network by simulation
In this paper, we study the reliability of a communication network at the feeder level of the distribution system of a smart grid. WiFi Mesh is indicated as the superior technology for smart grid applications at feeder level based upon availability and ...
Dependability and Resource Optimation Analysis for Smart Grid Communication Networks
BDCLOUD '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Big Data and Cloud ComputingSmart Grid is the trend of next generation power distribution and network management that enable a two-- way interactive communication and operation between consumers and suppliers, so as to achieve intelligent resource management and optimization. The ...
Communication-based Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle load management in the smart grid
ISCC '11: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computers and CommunicationsNew services and applications that employ the advances in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to the electrical power grid are rapidly emerging and consequently the traditional power grid is evolving into a smart grid. In the smart grid,...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
© British Computer Society 2020.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg
Publication History
Published: 01 February 2020
Accepted: 23 December 2019
Received: 27 April 2019
Published in FAC Volume 32, Issue 1
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 145Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)82
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)17
Reflects downloads up to 10 Nov 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
Get Access
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in