Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
review-article

Design of gender recognition system using quantum-based deep learning

Published: 18 November 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Biometric authentication systems identify or verify a person from a digital image taken by security cameras or fingerprint readers. Digital images are used for authentication wherever a security system exists, such as in airports and banks. Although biometric data authentication boosts security, it has several practical challenges and is a difficult problem in computer vision. Another application classifies biometric data according to certain characteristics such as age, gender, or race. One of the biometric data frequently used for this purpose and has become very important is face images. Deep learning systems can learn rich, compact representations of faces from very big face datasets, allowing people to surpass their facial analysis talents. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has recently obtained very promising face analysis results among these methods. Although CNN has the beneficial use of the data’s correlation information, it has trouble learning efficiently when the supplied amount of the data or model is too huge. Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) provides a new solution to a CNN-related problem using a quantum computing environment. In this study, gender recognition is performed with CNN and QCNN algorithms, and the results are compared in terms of time and accuracy. The purpose of the study is to show the comparative evaluation of QCNN and its classical counterpart CNN algorithms with detailed applications under the same conditions. 92% accuracy for QCNN and 90% accuracy for CNN are obtained. The total processing time is 128.85 s for QCNN and 832.30 s for CNN.

References

[1]
Koças C A model of Internet pricing under price-comparison shopping Int J Electron Commer 2005 10 1 111-134
[2]
Okazaki S Exploring gender effects in a mobile advertising context: on the evaluation of trust, attitudes, and recall Sex Roles 2007 57 11 897-908
[3]
Mäkinen E and Raisamo R An experimental comparison of gender classification methods Pattern Recognit Lett 2008 29 10 1544-1556
[4]
Khan SA, Nazir M, Akram S, Riaz N (2011) Gender classification using image processing techniques: a survey. In: IEEE 14th international multitopic conference, pp 25-30
[5]
Alhussein M, Ali Z, Imran M, Abdul W (2016) Automatic gender detection based on characteristics of vocal folds for mobile healthcare system. Mobile Inf Syst 2016
[6]
Harb H and Chen L Voice-based gender identification in multimedia applications J Intell Inf Syst 2005 24 2 179-198
[7]
Muhammad G, Alsulaiman M, Mahmood A, Ali Z (2011) Automatic voice disorder classification using vowel formants. In: 2011 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, pp 1–6. IEEE
[8]
Johns MM Update on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of vocal fold nodules, polyps, and cysts Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003 11 6 456-461
[9]
Guo G and Zhang N A survey on deep learning based face recognition Comput Vis Image Underst 2019 189
[10]
Yi D, Lei Z, Liao S, Li SZ (2014) Learning face representation from scratch. arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.7923.
[11]
He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 770-778
[12]
Redmon J, Divvala S, Girshick R, Farhadi A (2016) You only look once: unified, real-time object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 779-788
[13]
Oh S, Choi J, Kim J (2020) A tutorial on quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNN). In: IEEE international conference on information and communication technology convergence (ICTC). pp 236–239
[14]
Bravyi S, Gosset D, and König R Quantum advantage with shallow circuits Science 2018 362 6412 308-311
[15]
Cong I, Choi S, and Lukin MD Quantum convolutional neural networks Nat Phys 2019 15 12 1273-1278
[16]
Henderson M, Shakya S, Pradhan S, and Cook T Quanvolutional neural networks: powering image recognition with quantum circuits Quantum Mach Intell 2020 2 1 1-9
[17]
Zhang X, Xia J, Tan X, Zhou X, and Wang T PolSAR image classification via learned superpixels and QCNN integrating color features Remote Sens 2019 11 15 1831
[18]
Gushanskiy S, Potapov V (2021) Investigation of quantum algorithms for face detection and recognition using a quantum neural network. In: IEEE international conference on industrial engineering, applications and manufacturing (ICIEAM). pp 791–796.
[19]
Ciylan F and Ciylan B Fake human face recognition with classical-quantum hybrid transfer learning Comput Inform. 2021 1 1 46-55
[20]
Mittal S, Dana SK (2020) Gender recognition from facial images using hybrid classical-quantum neural network. In: IEEE students conference on engineering and systems (SCES). pp 1–6.
[21]
Ng CB, Tay YH, and Goi BM Recognizing human gender in computer vision: a survey Pacific rim international conference on artificial intelligence 2012 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer 335-346
[22]
Schuld M and Petruccione F Machine learning with quantum computers 2021 Berlin Springer
[23]
Farhi E, Neven H (2018) Classification with quantum neural networks on near term processors. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.06002
[24]
Chen Y-C, Wei S, Zhang C, and Yu H Yoo S (2020) Quantum convolutional neural networks for high energy physics data analysis Phys Rev Res 2022 4 1
[25]
Preskill J Quantum computing in the NISQ era and beyond Quantum 2018 2 79
[26]
Motta M and Rice JE Emerging quantum computing algorithms for quantum chemistry Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Mol Sci 2022 12 3
[27]
Wang M and Deng W Deep face recognition: a survey Neurocomputing 2021 429 215-244
[28]
Zhou Y, Ni H, Ren F, Kang X (2019) Face and gender recognition system based on convolutional neural networks. In: 2019 IEEE international conference on mechatronics and automation (ICMA), pp 1091–1095. IEEE
[29]
Dhomne A, Kumar R, Bhan V, and Bakhteri R Gender recognition through face using deep learning Proc Comput Sci 2018 132 2-10
[30]
Antipov G, Berrani SA, and Dugelay JL Minimalistic CNN-based ensemble model for gender prediction from face images Pattern Recognit Lett 2016 70 59-65
[31]
Liew SS, Hani MK, Radzi SA, and Bakhteri R Gender classification: a convolutional neural network approach Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci 2016 24 3 1248-1264
[32]
Arriaga O, Valdenegro-Toro M, Plöger P (2017) Real-time convolutional neural networks for emotion and gender classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.07557.
[33]
Mane S and Shah G Facial recognition, expression recognition, and gender identification Data management, analytics and innovation 2019 Singapore Springer 275-290
[34]
Abu Nada AM, Alajrami E, Al-Saqqa AA, Abu-Naser SS (2020) Age and gender prediction and validation through single user images using CNN. dstore.alazhar.edu.ps
[35]
Lü Y, Gao Q, Lu J, Ogorzałek M, Zheng J (2021) A quantum convolutional neural network for image classification. 40th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), pp 6329–6334.
[36]
AT &T Laboratories Cambridge (1994) formerly ’The ORL Database of Faces’. https://cam-orl.co.uk/facedatabase.html. Accessed 13 September 2022
[37]
Kirby M and Sirovich L Application of the Karhunen-Loeve procedure for the characterization of human faces IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 1990 12 1 103-108
[38]
Eleyan A, Demirel H (2007) Pca and lda based neural networks for human face recognition, vol 558. INTECH Open Access Publisher
[39]
Tsai CC, Cheng WC, Taur JS, Tao CW (2006) Face detection using eigenface and neural network. In: IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics, vol 5, pp 4343–4347. IEEE.
[40]
Smys S, Chen JIZ, and Shakya S Survey on neural network architectures with deep learning J Soft Comput Paradigm (JSCP) 2020 2 03 186-194
[41]
Hubel DH and Wiesel TN Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat’s striate cortex J Physiol 1959 148 3 574-591
[42]
Efthymiou S, Ramos-Calderer S, Bravo-Prieto C, Pérez-Salinas A, García-Martín D, Garcia-Saez A, and Carrazza S Qibo: a framework for quantum simulation with hardware acceleration Quantum Sci Technol 2021 7 1
[43]
Abohashima Z, Elhosen M, Houssein EH, Mohamed WM (2020) Classification with quantum machine learning: a survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.12270
[44]
Zhang K, Hsieh MH, Liu L, Tao D (2020) Toward trainability of quantum neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.06258
[45]
Harrow AW, Hassidim A, and Lloyd S Quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations Phys Rev Lett 2009 103 15
[46]
Rebentrost P, Mohseni M, and Lloyd S Quantum support vector machine for big data classification Phys Rev Lett 2014 113 13
[47]
Kerenidis I, Landman J, Prakash A (2019) Quantum algorithms for deep convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.01117
[48]
Park DK, Petruccione F, and Rhee JKK Circuit-based quantum random access memory for classical data Sci Rep 2019 9 1 1-8
[49]
Miller K, Broomfield C, Cox A, Kinast J, Rodenburg B (2022) An improved volumetric metric for quantum computers via more representative quantum circuit shapes. arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.02315
[50]
Dowling MR and Nielsen MA The geometry of quantum computation Quantum Inf Comput 2008 8 10 861-899
[51]
Nielsen M and Chuang I Quantum computation and quantum information 2000 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
[52]
Pfeifer RN, Evenbly G, and Vidal G Entanglement renormalization, scale invariance, and quantum criticality Phys Rev 2009 79 4
[53]
Ezhov A, Ventura D (2000) Quantum neural networks. In: Future directions for intelligent systems and information sciences, pp 213–235. Physica, Heidelberg
[54]
Chui KT, Liu RW, Zhao M, and De Pablos PO Predicting students’ performance with school and family tutoring using generative adversarial network-based deep support vector machine IEEE Access 2020 8 86745-86752
[55]
Chen SYC, Wei TC, Zhang C, Yu H, and Yoo S Quantum convolutional neural networks for high energy physics data analysis Phys Rev Res 2022 4 1
[56]
Ishtiaq A, Mahmood S (2021) Quantum machine learning: fad or future?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.10714
[57]
Shende VV, Markov IL, and Bullock SS Minimal universal two-qubit controlled-NOT-based circuits Phys Rev A 2004 69 6
[58]
McClean JR, Boixo S, Smelyanskiy VN, Babbush R, and Neven H Barren plateaus in quantum neural network training landscapes Nat Commun 2018 9 1 1-6
[59]
Schuld M, Sinayskiy I, and Petruccione F The quest for a quantum neural network Quantum Inf Process 2014 13 11 2567-2586
[60]
Abadi M, Barham P, Chen J, Chen Z, Davis A, Dean J, Zheng X (2016) TensorFlow: a system for Large-Scale machine learning. In: 12th USENIX symposium on operating systems design and implementation (OSDI 16), pp 265-283
[61]
Liu Y (2022) ’What Is a QPU?’. blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2022/07/29/what-is-a-qpu, Accessed 14 November 2022
[62]
Tensorflow (2023) Tensorflow Quantum Overview. https://www.tensorflow.org/quantum, Accessed 09 March 2023
[63]
G. T. C. Developers (2018) Cirq: A python framework for creating, editing, and invoking noisy intermediate scale quantum circuits. https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq, Accessed 13 September 2022
[64]
Broughton M, Verdon G, McCourt T, Martinez AJ, Yoo JH, Isakov SV, Mohseni M (2020) Tensorflow quantum: A software framework for quantum machine learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.02989
[65]
Ghadi YY, Waheed M, Gochoo M, Alsuhibany SA, Chelloug SA, Jalal A, and Park J A graph-based approach to recognizing complex human object interactions in sequential data Appl Sci 2022 12 10 5196

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Modified hybrid fruit fly-based salp swarm optimization strategy for energy efficient optimization in MIMO Wireless Powered Communication NetworksJournal of High Speed Networks10.3233/JHS-23017330:4(535-555)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024

Index Terms

  1. Design of gender recognition system using quantum-based deep learning
        Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image Neural Computing and Applications
        Neural Computing and Applications  Volume 36, Issue 4
        Feb 2024
        593 pages

        Publisher

        Springer-Verlag

        Berlin, Heidelberg

        Publication History

        Published: 18 November 2023
        Accepted: 21 October 2023
        Received: 12 May 2022

        Author Tags

        1. QCNN
        2. Quantum learning
        3. CNN
        4. Deep learning
        5. Gender recognition

        Qualifiers

        • Review-article

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
        Reflects downloads up to 28 Jan 2025

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        Cited By

        View all
        • (2024)Modified hybrid fruit fly-based salp swarm optimization strategy for energy efficient optimization in MIMO Wireless Powered Communication NetworksJournal of High Speed Networks10.3233/JHS-23017330:4(535-555)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024

        View Options

        View options

        Figures

        Tables

        Media

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media