A4WSN: an architecture-driven modelling platform for analysing and developing WSNs
Authors: 
Ivano Malavolta, 
Leonardo Mostarda, Henry Muccini, Enver Ever, Krishna Doddapaneni, Orhan GemikonakliAuthors Info & Claims
Ivano Malavolta, Leonardo Mostarda, Henry Muccini, Enver Ever, Krishna Doddapaneni, Orhan GemikonakliAuthors Info & ClaimsPages 2633 - 2653
Abstract
This paper proposes A4WSN, an architecture-driven modelling platform for the development and the analysis of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A WSN consists of spatially distributed sensor nodes that cooperate in order to accomplish a specific task. Sensor nodes are cheap, small, and battery-powered devices with limited processing capabilities and memory. WSNs are mostly developed directly on the top of the operating system. They are tied to the hardware configuration of the sensor nodes, and their design and implementation can require cooperation with a myriad of system stakeholders with different backgrounds. The peculiarities of WSNs and current development practices bring a number of challenges, ranging from hardware and software coupling, limited reuse, and the late assessment of WSN quality properties. As a way to overcome a number of existing limitations, this study presents a multi-view modelling approach that supports the development and analysis of WSNs. The framework uses different models to describe the software architecture, hardware configuration, and physical deployment of a WSN. A4WSN allows engineers to perform analysis and code generation in earlier stages of the WSN development life cycle. The A4WSN platform can be extended with third-party plug-ins providing additional analysis or code generation engines. We provide evidence of the applicability of the proposed platform by developing PlaceLife, an A4WSN plug-in for estimating the WSN lifetime by taking various physical obstacles in the deployment environment into account. In turn, PlaceLife has been applied to a real-world case study in the health care domain as a running example.
References
[1]
Al-karaki, J.N., Kamal, A.E.: Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 11, 6---28 (2004)
[2]
Alemdar, H., Ersoy, C.: Wireless sensor networks for healthcare: a survey. Comput. Netw. 54(15), 2688---2710 (2010)
[3]
Beckmann, K., Thoss, M.: A model-driven software development approach using OMG DDS for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 10.2 International Conference on Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems, SEUS'10, pp. 95---106 (2010)
[4]
Ben Maïssa, Y., Kordon, F., Mouline, S., Thierry-Mieg, Y.: Modeling and analyzing wireless sensor networks with VeriSensor. In: Petri Net and Software Engineering (PNSE), vol. 851, pp. 60---76. CEUR, Hamburg, Germany (2012)
[5]
Bertran, B., Bruneau, J., Cassou, D., Loriant, N., Balland, E., Consel, C.: DiaSuite: A tool suite to develop sense/compute/control applications. Sci. Comput. Program. 79, 39---51 (2014). Experimental Software and Toolkits (EST 4): A special issue of the Workshop on Academic Software Development Tools and Techniques (WASDeTT-3 2010)
[6]
Bjornemo, E., Johansson, M., Ahlen, A.: Two hops is one too many in an energylimited wireless sensor network. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 181---184 (2007)
[7]
Blumenthal, J., Handy, M., Golatowski, F., Haase, M., Timmermann, D.: Wireless sensor networks--new challenges in software engineering. In: Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2003. Proceedings. ETFA '03. IEEE Conference, vol. 1, pp. 551---556 (2003)
[8]
Bryant, B.R., Gray, J., Mernik, M., Clarke, P.J., France, R.B., Karsai, G.: Challenges and directions in formalizing the semantics of modeling languages. Comput. Sci. Inf. Syst. 8(2), 225---253 (2011)
[9]
Chandra, T.B., Dwivedi, A.K.: Programming languages for wireless sensor networks: a comparative study. In: Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2015 2nd International Conference on, pp. 1702---1708. IEEE (2015)
[10]
Chang, X.: Network simulations with OPNET. In: Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Winter Simulation: Simulation--a Bridge to the Future--Volume 1, WSC '99 (1999)
[11]
Cheng, C., Lu, R., Petzoldt, A., Takagi, T.: Securing the internet of things in a quantum world. Commun. Mag. 55(2), 116---120 (2017)
[12]
Cicchetti, A., Di Ruscio, D., Eramo, R., Pierantonio, A.: Automating co-evolution in model-driven engineering. In: 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, ECOC 2008, 15---19 September 2008, Munich, Germany, pp. 222---231. IEEE Computer Society (2008)
[13]
Dantas, P., Rodrigues, T., Batista, T., Delicato, F., Pires, P., Li, W., Zomaya, A.: Lwissy: a domain specific language to model wireless sensor and actuators network systems. In: 2013 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Sensor Network Applications (SESENA), pp. 7---12 (2013)
[14]
Demirkol, I., Ersoy, C., Alagoz, F.: MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Commun. Mag. 44(4), 115---121 (2006).
[15]
Di Ruscio, D., Malavolta, I., Muccini, H., Pelliccione, P., Pierantonio, A.: Developing next generation ADLs through MDE techniques. In: 2010 ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 85---94. IEEE (2010)
[16]
Doddapaneni, K., Ever, E., Gemikonakli, O., Malavolta, I., Mostarda, L., Muccini, H.: A model-driven engineering framework for architecting and analysing wireless sensor networks. In: SESENA, pp. 1---7 (2012)
[17]
Fuchs, G., German, R.: UML2 activity diagram based programming of wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering for Sensor Network Applications, SESENA '10, pp. 8---13 (2010)
[18]
Goldsmith, A.: Wireless Communications. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005)
[19]
Gotzhein, R., Krämer, M., Litz, L., Chamaken, A.: Energy-aware system design with SDL. In: Proceedings of the 14th International SDL Conference on Design for Motes and Mobiles, SDL'09, pp. 19---33. Springer, Berlin (2009)
[20]
Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Washington, DC, USA (2000)
[21]
Hill, J.L.: System architecture for wireless sensor networks. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley (2003). AAI3105239
[22]
Huang, C.F., Tseng, Y.C.: The coverage problem in a wireless sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, WSNA '03, pp. 115---121 (2003)
[23]
Iovino, L., Pierantonio, A., Malavolta, I.: On the impact significance of metamodel evolution in mde. J. Object Technol. 11(3), 1---33 (2012)
[24]
ISO/IEC/IEEE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 Systems and software engineering --- Architecture description (2011)
[25]
Khalil, J., Liscano, J.R., Bradbury, J.: A survey of modeling techniques for wireless sensor networks. In: SENSORCOMM 2011, The Fifth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, pp. 103---109 (2011)
[26]
Lorincz, K., Malan, D., Fulford-Jones, T., Nawoj, A., Clavel, A., Shnayder, V., Mainland, G., Welsh, M., Moulton, S.: Sensor networks for emergency response: challenges and opportunities. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 3(4), 16---23 (2004).
[27]
Losilla, F., Vicente-Chicote, C., Álvarez, B., Iborra, A., Sánchez, P.: Wireless sensor network application development an architecture-centric MDE approach. In: Oquendo, F. (ed.) ECSA, LNCS, vol. 4758, pp. 179---194. Springer, Berlin (2007)
[28]
Malavolta, I.: A4WSN--Programming Framework and Implementation details (2018). http://a4wsn.di.univaq.it/files/a4wsnLanguages.pdf. Accessed 4 April 2018
[29]
Malavolta, I., Mostarda, L., Muccini, H., Doddapaneni, K.: The A4WSN Modelling languages (2018). http://a4wsn.di.univaq.it/files/a4wsnLanguages.pdf. Accessed 4 April 2018
[30]
Malavolta, I., Muccini, H.: A Study on MDE approaches for engineering wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 40th Euromicro Conference series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA), August 2014 (2014)
[31]
Malavolta, I., Muccini, H.: A Survey on the specification of the physical environment of wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 40th Euromicro Conference series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA), August 2014 (2014)
[32]
Malavolta, I., Muccini, H., Pelliccione, P., Tamburri, D.: Providing architectural languages and tools interoperability through model transformation technologies. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 36(1), 119---140 (2010)
[33]
Medvidovic, N., Dashofy, E.M., Taylor, R.N.: Moving architectural description from under the technology lamppost. Inf. Softw. Technol. 49(1), 12---31 (2007)
[34]
Mernik, M., Heering, J., Sloane, A.M.: When and how to develop domain-specific languages. ACM Comput. Surv. 37(4), 316---344 (2005)
[35]
Mottola, L., Pathak, A., Bakshi, A., Prasanna, V., Picco, G.: Enabling scope-based interactions in sensor network macroprogramming. In: IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, 2007. MASS 2007. pp. 1---9 (2007)
[36]
Mottola, L., Picco, G.P.: Programming wireless sensor networks: Fundamental concepts and state of the art. ACM Comput. Surv. 43, 19:1---19:51 (2011)
[37]
Mottola, L., Picco, G.P.: Middleware for wireless sensor networks: an outlook. J. Internet Serv. Appl. 3(1), 31---39 (2012)
[38]
Mozumdar, M., Gregoretti, F., Lavagno, L., Vanzago, L., Olivieri, S.: A framework for modeling, simulation and automatic code generation of sensor network application. In: 5th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2008. SECON '08, pp. 515---522 (2008)
[39]
Mozumdar, M.M.R., Gregoretti, F., Lavagno, L., Vanzago, L., Olivieri, S.: A framework for modeling, simulation and automatic code generation of sensor network application. In: SECON, pp. 515---522 (2008)
[40]
Newport, C., Kotz, D., Yuan, Y., Gray, R.S., Liu, J., Elliott, C.: Experimental evaluation of wireless simulation assumptions. Simulation 83(9), 643---661 (2007)
[41]
Olveczky, P., Thorvaldsen, S.: Formal modeling and analysis of wireless sensor network algorithms in real-time Maude. In: 20th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2006. IPDPS 2006, p. 8 (2006).
[42]
Pahlavan, K., Krishnamurthy, P.: Networking Fundamentals: Wide, Local and Personal Area Communications. Wiley, New York (2009)
[43]
Pahlavan, K., Krishnamurthy, P.: Networking Fundamentals. Wiley, Chichester (2009)
[44]
Paige, R.F., Kolovos, D.S., Polack, F.A.: A tutorial on metamodelling for grammar researchers. Sci. Comput. Program. 96, Part 4, 396---416 (2014)
[45]
Patel, P., Pathak, A., Cassou, D., Issarny, V.: Enabling high-level application development in the internet of things. In: Zuniga, M., Dini, G. (eds.), Sensor Systems and Software, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol. 122, pp. 111---126 (2013)
[46]
Pediaditakis, D., Tselishchev, Y., Boulis, A.: Performance and scalability evaluation of the castalia wireless sensor network simulator. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTools '10, pp. 53:1---53:6 (2010)
[47]
Picco, G.P.: Software engineering and wireless sensor networks: happy marriage or consensual divorce? In: Proceedings of the FSE/SDP Workshop on Future of Software Engineering Research. FoSER. NY, USA (2010)
[48]
Rappaport, T.: Wireless communications: principles and practice. Prentice Hall communications engineering and emerging technologies series. Prentice Hall PTR (1996)
[49]
Rodrigues, T., Batista, T., Delicato, F., Pires, P., Zomaya, A.: Model-driven approach for building efficient wireless sensor and actuator network applications. In: 2013 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Sensor Network Applications (SESENA), pp. 43---48 (2013)
[50]
Romer, K., Mattern, F.: The design space of wireless sensor networks. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 11(6), 54---61 (2004)
[51]
Rose, L., Etien, A., Méndez, D., Kolovos, D., Paige, R., Polack, F.: Comparing model-metamodel and transformation-metamodel coevolution. In: International Workshop on Models and Evolutions (2010)
[52]
Ruscio, D.D., Iovino, L., Pierantonio, A.: Coupled evolution in model-driven engineering. IEEE Softw. 29(6), 78---84 (2012)
[53]
Ruscio, D.D., Malavolta, I., Muccini, H., Pelliccione, P., Pierantonio, A.: Model-driven techniques to enhance architectural languages interoperability. In: FASE, pp. 26---42 (2012)
[54]
Samper, L., Maraninchi, F., Mounier, L., Mandel, L.: Glonemo: Global and accurate formal models for the analysis of ad-hoc sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Integrated Internet Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, InterSense '06. New York, NY, USA (2006)
[55]
Seybold, J.S.: Introduction to RF Propagation. Wiley, Newark (2005)
[56]
Shimizu, R., Tei, K., Fukazawa, Y., Honiden, S.: Model driven development for rapid prototyping and optimization of wireless sensor network applications. In: Proceedings of SESENA '11, pp. 31---36. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2011)
[57]
Stankovic, J.A.: Research challenges for wireless sensor networks. SIGBED Rev. 1, 9---12 (2004)
[58]
Stanley-Marbell, P., Basten, T., Rousselot, J., Oliver, R.S., Karl, H., Geilen, M., Hoes, R., Fohler, G., Decotignie, J.D.: System models in wireless sensor networks. Technical Report ESR-2008-06, Eindhoven University of Technology (2008)
[59]
Szyperski, C.: Component Software. Beyond Object Oriented Programming. Addison Wesley, Boston (1998)
[60]
van Dam, T., Langendoen, K.: An adaptive energy-efficient mac protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys '03, pp. 171---180. New York, NY, USA (2003)
[61]
Varga, A., Hornig, R.: An overview of the OMNeT++ simulation environment. In: Simutools '08: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques for Communications, Networks and Systems & Workshops, pp. 1---10 (2008)
[62]
Vicente-Chicote, C., Losilla, F., Álvarez, B., Iborra, A., Sánchez, P.: Applying MDE to the development of flexible and reusable wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Coop. Inf. Syst. 16(3/4), 393---412 (2007)
[63]
Ye, W., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D.: Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 12(3), 493---506 (2004)
Index Terms
- A4WSN: an architecture-driven modelling platform for analysing and developing WSNs
Recommendations
Minimum k, ω-angle barrier coverage in wireless camera sensor networks
Barrier coverage is an important issue in wireless sensor networks, which guarantees to detect any intruder attempting to cross a barrier or penetrating a protected region monitored by sensors. However, the barrier coverage problem in wireless camera ...
Diffusion-based approach to deploying wireless sensor networks
An important objective of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to reliably sense data about the environment in which they are deployed. Reliability in WSNs has been widely studied in terms of providing reliable routing protocols for message dissemination ...
Clustering-based minimum energy wireless m-connected k-covered sensor networks
EWSN'08: Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Wireless sensor networksDuty-cycling is an appealing solution for energy savings in densely deployed, energy-constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Indeed, several applications, such as intruder detection and tracking, require the design of k-covered WSNs, which are ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
Copyright © Copyright © 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Berlin, Heidelberg
Publication History
Published: 01 August 2019
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 09 Nov 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
View options
Get Access
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in