Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

Performance modeling of DTN routing with heterogeneous and selfish nodes

Published: 01 January 2014 Publication History

Abstract

The performance modeling study of Delay-Tolerant Network routing, in general, assumes the nodes to be homogeneous (in terms of features such as the coverage range) and uncompromised (in terms of forwarding messages). However, in realistic settings this may not be the case. The routing performance modeling of such realistic scenarios that involve multifariously-featured and egotistic nodes would be interesting and insightful. To this end, in this paper, we analytically model the routing behavior of such nodes using Ordinary Differential Equations for two different routing protocols namely, Epidemic Routing and Two-Hop Routing. Furthermore, we also study the degradation in the routing performance caused by an increase in the fraction of selfish nodes present in the heterogeneous node population. The proposed analytical model is validated via extensive simulations.

References

[1]
Abdulla, M., & Simon, R. (2008). Controlled epidemic routing for multicasting in delay tolerant networks. In: MASCOTS '08: Proceedings of the 16th international symposium on modeling, analysis, and simulation of computer and telecommunication systems, pp. 1---10.
[2]
Acer, U. G., Kalyanaraman, S., & Abouzeid, A. A. (2007). Weak state routing for large scale dynamic networks. In: MobiCom '07: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on mobile computing and networking, pp. 290---301.
[3]
Balasubramanian, A., Levine, B., & Venkataramani, A. (2007). DTN routing as a resource allocation problem. In: SIGCOMM '07: Proceedings of the conference on applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, pp. 373---384.
[4]
Burleigh, S., Hooke, A., Torgerson, L., Fall, K., Cerf, V., Durst, B., Scott, K., & Weiss, H. (2003). Delay-tolerant networking: An approach to interplanetary Internet. IEEE Communications Magazine 41(6), 128---136.
[5]
Cerf, V., Burleigh, S., Hooke, A., Torgerson, L., Durst, R., Scott, K., Fall, K., & Weiss, H. (2007). RFC 4838, delay-tolerant networking architecture. IRTF DTN Research Group.
[6]
Chaithanya Manam, V. K., Mahendran, V., & Siva Ram Murthy, C. (2012). Message-driven based energy-efficient routing in heterogeneous delay-tolerant networks. In:MSWIM HP-MOSys '12: Proceedings of ACM MSWIM workshop on high performance mobile opportunistic systems, pp. 39---46.
[7]
Chaithanya Manam, V. K., Mahendran, V., & Siva Ram Murthy, C. (2012). Performance modeling of routing in delay-tolerant networks with node heterogeneity. In: COMSNETS '12: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on communication systems and networks, pp. 1---10.
[8]
Cisco Aironet 350 series: Cisco systems. URL http://www.cisco.com.
[9]
Fall, K. (2003). A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged Internets. In: SIGCOMM '03: Proceedings of the conference on applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, pp. 27---34.
[10]
Farnoud, F., & Valaee, S. (2009). Reliable broadcast of safety messages in vehicular ad hoc networks. In: INFOCOM '09: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE international conference on computer communications, pp. 226---234.
[11]
Groenevelt, R. (2005). Stochastic models in mobile ad hoc networks. Ph.D. thesis, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis.
[12]
Groenevelt, R., Nain, P., & Koole, G. (2005). The message delay in mobile ad hoc networks. Performance Evaluation 62(1---4), 210---228.
[13]
Harras, K. A., Almeroth, K. C., & Belding-Royer, E. M. (2005). Delay tolerant mobile networks (DTMNs) Controlled flooding in sparse mobile networks. In: NETWORKING '05: Proceedings of the 4th IFIP-TC6 international conference on networking technologies, services, and protocols; performance of computer and communication networks; mobile and wireless communication systems, pp. 1180---1192.
[14]
Hui, P., Crowcroft, J., & Yoneki, E. (2008). BUBBLE Rap: Social-based forwarding in delay tolerant networks. In: MobiHoc '08: Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing, pp. 241---250.
[15]
Ip, Y.-K., Lau, W.-C., Yue, O.-C. (2008). Performance modeling of epidemic routing with heterogeneous node types. In: ICC '08: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on communications, pp. 219---224.
[16]
Jain, S., Fall, K., & Patra, R. (2004). Routing in a delay tolerant network. In: SIGCOMM '04: Proceedings of the conference on applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, pp. 145---158.
[17]
Karaliopoulo, M. (2009). Assessing the vulnerability of DTN data relaying schemes to node selfishness. IEEE Communications Letters 13(12), 923---925.
[18]
Khabbaz, M., Assi, C., & Fawaz, W. (2012). Disruption-tolerant networking: A comprehensive survey on recent developments and persisting challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 14(2), 607---640.
[19]
Krishnan, R., Basu, P., Mikkelson, J. M., Small, C., Ramanathan, R., Brown, D. W., Burgess, J. R., Caro, A. L., Condell, M., Goffee, N. C., Hain, R. R., Hansen, R. E., Jones, C. E., Kawadia, V., Mankins, D. P., Schwartz, B. I., Strayer, W. T., Ward, J. W., Wiggins, D. P., & Polit, S. H. (2007). The spindle disruption-tolerant networking system. In: MILCOM '07: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE military communications conference, pp. 1---7.
[20]
Liu, J., Jiang, X., Nishiyama, H., & Kato, N. (2011). Performance modeling for two-hop relay with node selfishness in delay tolerant networks. In: GREENCOM '11: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE online conference on green communications, pp. 70---75.
[21]
Lucent Technologies WaveLAN High-Speed Wireless Network Interface Card IEEE Turbo 11 Mb Specification: (1999).
[22]
Matsuda, T., & Takine, T. (2008). (p,q)-epidemic routing for sparsely populated mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 26(5), 783---793.
[23]
Neglia, G., & Zhang, X. (2006). Optimal delay-power tradeoff in sparse delay tolerant networks: A preliminary study. In: CHANTS '06: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on challenged networks, pp. 237---244.
[24]
Nelson, S., Bakht, M., & Kravets, R. (2009) Encounter-based routing in DTNs. In: INFOCOM '09: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE international conference on computer communications, pp. 846---854.
[25]
Nokia C020/C021 Wireless LAN Card Technical Specifications: (1998).
[26]
Panagakis, A., Vaios, A., & Stavrakakis, I. (2007). On the effects of cooperation in DTNs. In: COMSWARE '07: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE international conference on communication system software and middleware, pp. 1---6.
[27]
Petz, A., Enderle, J., & Julien, C. (2009). A framework for evaluating DTN mobility models. In: Simutools '09: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on simulation tools and techniques, pp. 94:1---94:8.
[28]
Resta, G., & Santi, P. (2012). A framework for routing performance analysis in delay tolerant networks with application to noncooperative networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 23(1), 2---10.
[29]
Resta, G., & Santi, P. (2009). The effects of node cooperation level on routing performance in delay tolerant networks. In: SECON '09: Proceedings of the 6th annual IEEE conference on sensor and ad hoc communications and networks, pp. 1---9.
[30]
Shah, R. C., Roy, S., Jain, S., & Brunette, W. (2003). Data mules: Modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks. In: SNPA '03: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE international workshop on sensor network protocols and applications, pp. 30---41.
[31]
Sheth, A., & Han, R. (2002). An implementation of transmit power control in 802.11b wireless networks. Tech. Rep. CU-CS-934-02, University of Colorado.
[32]
Shevade, U., Song, H., Qiu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2008). Incentive-aware routing in DTNs. In: ICNP '08: Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on network protocols, pp. 238---247.
[33]
Small, T., & Haas, Z. (2005). Resource and performance tradeoffs in delay-tolerant wireless networks. In: WDTN '05: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on delay-tolerant networking, pp. 260---267.
[34]
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., & Raghavendra, C. S. (2005). Spray and wait: An efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks. In: WDTN '05: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on delay-tolerant networking, pp. 252---259.
[35]
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., & Raghavendra, C. (2008). Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: The multiple-copy case. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 16(1), 77---90.
[36]
Spyropoulos, T., Turletti, T., & Obraczka, K. (2009). Routing in delay-tolerant networks comprising heterogeneous node populations. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 8(8), 1132---1147.
[37]
URL http://www.networks.digital.com/dr/npg/deina-ch.html.
[38]
URL http://www.aironet.com/products/in_building/PC4800B.asp.
[39]
URL http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[40]
Vahdat, A., & Becker, D. (2000). Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks. Tech. Rep., Duke University.
[41]
Vellambi, B. N., Subramanian, R., Fekri, F., & Ammar, M. (2007). Reliable and efficient message delivery in delay tolerant networks using rateless codes. In: MobiOpp '07: Proceedings of the 1st international MobiSys workshop on mobile opportunistic networking, pp. 91---98.
[42]
Yamawaki, T., Kokubo, M., Irie, K., Matsui, H., Hori, K., Endou, T., Hagisawa, H., Furuya, T., Shimizu, Y., Katagishi, M., & Hildersley, J. (1997). A 2.7-V GSM RF transceiver IC.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 32(12), 2089---2096.
[43]
Zhang, X., Neglia, G., Kurose, J., & Towsley, D. (2007). Performance modeling of epidemic routing. Computer Networks 51(10), 2867---2891.

Cited By

View all
  • (2016)A game-based incentive model for service cooperation in VANETsConcurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience10.1002/cpe.334028:3(674-687)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2016

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Wireless Networks
Wireless Networks  Volume 20, Issue 1
January 2014
170 pages

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg

Publication History

Published: 01 January 2014

Author Tags

  1. DTN
  2. Heterogeneity
  3. Performance modeling
  4. Routing
  5. Selfish nodes

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 13 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2016)A game-based incentive model for service cooperation in VANETsConcurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience10.1002/cpe.334028:3(674-687)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2016

View Options

View options

Get Access

Login options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media