article

60 GHz indoor WLANs: insights into performance and power consumption

Authors:

Swetank Kumar Saha,

Darshan Godabanahal Malleshappa,

Avinash Palamanda,

Viral Vijay Vira,

Dimitrios KoutsonikolasAuthors Info & Claims

Wireless Networks, Volume 24, Issue 7

Pages 2427 - 2450

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1475-4

Published: 01 October 2018 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents a feasibility study of 60 GHz indoor WLANs. We evaluate 60 GHz performance in a typical academic office building under the primary assumption that 60 GHz WLAN APs and clients will be equipped with relatively wide-beam antennas to cope with client mobility. In contrast to previous works which measured performance at a single layer using custom, non-standard compliant hardware, we investigate performance across multiple layers using primarily 802.11ad-compliant wide-beam COTS devices. Our study shows that the large number of reflective surfaces in typical indoor WLAN environments combined with wider beams makes performance highly unpredictable and invalidates several assumptions that hold true in static, narrow-beam, Line-Of-Sight scenarios. Additionally, we present the first measurements, to our best knowledge, of power consumption of an 802.11ad NIC and examine the impact of a number of factors on power consumption.

References

[1]

Abari, O., Hassanieh, H., Rodriguez, M., Katabi, D.: Millimeter Wave Communications: from Point-to-Point Links to Agile Network Connections. In: Proceedings of the ACM HotNets (2016).

Digital Library

[2]

Smartphones will Account for Nearly Half of Both 802.11ac and 802.11ad Chipset Shipments in 2018. https://www.abiresearch.com/press/smartphones-will-account-for-nearly-half-of-both-8, (2013).

[3]

Abouelseoud, M., Charlton, G.: The effect of human blockage on the performance of millimeter-wave access link for outdoor coverage. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Spring (VTC-Spring) (2013)

[4]

Anderson, C. R., & Rappaport, T. S. (2004). In-building wideband partition loss measurements at 2.5 and 60 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 3(3), 922---928.

Digital Library

[5]

ath10k: mac80211 wireless driver for qualcom atheros qca988x family of chips. http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath10k.

[6]

PCI EXPRESS X1 to PCI Express Mini interface adapter. http://www.adexelec.com/pciexp.htm.

[7]

Collonge, S., Zaharia, G., & Zein, G. E. (2004). Influence of the human activity on wide-band characteristics of the 60 GHz indoor radio channel. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 3(6), 2396---2406.

Digital Library

[8]

Dong, K., Liao, X., & Zhu, S. (2012). Link blockage analysis for indoor 60GHz radio systems. Electronic Letters, 48(23), 1506---1508.

[9]

Haider, M.K., Knightly, E.W.: Mobility Resilience and Overhead Constrained Adaptation in Directional 60 GHz WLANs: Protocol Design and System Implementation. In: Proceedings of the ACM MobiHoc (2016).

Digital Library

[10]

Halperin, D., Greenstein, B., Sheth, A., Wetherall, D.: Demystifying 802.11n power consumption. In: Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Power Aware Computing and Systems (2010)

Digital Library

[11]

Halperin, D., Kandula, S., Padhye, J., Bahl, P., Wetherall, D.: Augmenting data center networks with multi-gigabit wireless links. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM (2011)

Digital Library

[12]

Huang, J., Qian, F., Gerber, A., Mao, Z.M., Sen, S., Spatscheck, O.: A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE Networks. In: Proceedings of ACM Mobisys (2012)

Digital Library

[13]

HXI Gigalink 6651. http://www.hxi.com/doc/hximodel6651-10-30-2013.

[14]

Langen, B., Lober, G., Herzig, W.: Reflection and transmission behavior of building materials at 60 GHz. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) (1994).

[15]

Maltsev, A., Maslennikov, R., Sevastyanov, A., Khoryaev, A., & Lomayev, A. (2009). Experimental investigations of 60 GHz WLAN systems in office environment. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 27(8), 1488---1499.

Digital Library

[16]

Rasekh, M.E., Marzi, Z., Zhu, Y., Madhow, U., Zheng, H.: Noncoherent mmWave path tracking . In: Proceedings of the ACM HotMobile (2016).

Digital Library

[17]

Monsoon power monitor. http://www.msoon.com/LabEquipment/PowerMonitor/.

[18]

Mudumbai, R., Singh, S., Madhow, U.: Medium Access Control for 60 GHz Outdoor Mesh Networks with Highly Directional Links. In: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2009, Mini Conference (2009)

[19]

Nitsche, T., Bielsa, G., Tejado, I., Loch, A., Widmer, J.: Boon and bane of 60 GHz networks: practical insights into beamforming, interference, and frame level operation. In: Proceedings of the 11th ACM/SIGCOMM International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT) (2015)

Digital Library

[20]

Rappaport, T. S., Felix Gutierrez, J., Ben-Dor, E., Murdock, J. N., Qiao, Y., & Tamir, J. I. (2013). Broadband millimeter-wave propagation measurements and models using adaptive-beam antennas for outdoor urban cellular communications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 4(61), 1850---1859.

[21]

Rappaport, T. S., Heath, R. W, Jr., Daniels, R. C., & Murdock, J. N. (2014). Millimeter wave wireless communications. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

[22]

Saha, S.K., Deshpande, P., Inamdar, P.P., Sheshadri, R.K., Koutsonikolas, D.: Power-throughput tradeoffs of 802.11n/ac in smartphones. In: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM (2015).

[23]

Saha, S.K., Sun, L., Koutsonikolas, D.: Improving connectivity, coverage, and capacity in 60 GHz indoor WLANs using relays. In: ACM MobiCom$$\text{S}^3$$S3Workshop (2015)

Digital Library

[24]

Sato, K., Manabe, T.: Estimation of propagation-path visibility for indoor wireless lan systems under shadowing condition by human bodies. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (1998).

[25]

SiBEAM Captures World's First 60GHz Millimeter-Wave Smartphone Design Win in Letv's Flagship Smartphone, Le Max. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150519005350/en/SiBEAM-Captures-World's-60GHz-Millimeter-Wave-Smartphone-Design#.VZM9AkT9q9s.

[26]

Singh, S., Mudumbai, R., & Madhow, U. (2011). Interference analysis for highly directional 60-GHz mesh networks: The case for rethinking medium access control. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 19(5), 1513---1527.

Digital Library

[27]

Singh, S., Ziliotto, F., Madhow, U., Belding, E.M., Rodwel, M.: Distributed coordination with deaf neighbors: efficient medium access for 60 GHz mesh networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2010 (2010).

Digital Library

[28]

Singh, S., Ziliotto, F., Madhow, U., Belding, E. M., & Rodwell, M. (2009). Blockage and directivity in 60 GHz wireless personal area networks: from cross-layer model to multihop MAC design. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 27(8), 1400---1413.

Digital Library

[29]

Smulders, P. F. M. (2009). Statistical characterization of 60-ghz indoor radio channels. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 57(10), 2820---2829.

[30]

Smulders, P. F. M., & Correia, L. M. (1997). Characterisation of propagation in 60 GHz radio channels. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, 9(2), 73---80.

[31]

Sun, L., Sheshadri, R.K., Zheng, W., Koutsonikolas, D.: Modeling WiFi active energy consumption in smartphones for app developers. In: Proceedings of the IEEE ICDCS (2014).

Digital Library

[32]

Sur, S., Venkateswaran, V., Zhang, X., Ramanathan, P.: 60 GHz Indoor Networking through Flexible Beams: A Link-Level Profiling. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS (2015).

Digital Library

[33]

Taori, R., & Sridharan, A. (2015). Point-to-multipoint in-band mmWave backhaul for 5G networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 1(53), 195---201.

[34]

Sur, S., Zhang, X., Ramanathan, P., Chandra, R.: BeamSpy: Enabling robust 60 GHz links under blockage. In: Proceedings of the USENIX NSDI (2016).

Digital Library

[35]

Tie, X., Ramachandran, K., Mahindra, R.: On 60 GHz wireless link performance in indoor environments. In: Proceedings of the PAM (2012).

Digital Library

[36]

GHz development system. https://www.pasternack.com/60-ghz-systems-and-modules-category.aspx.

[37]

WARP: Wireless open access research platform. http://warpproject.org/trac.

[38]

Warty, N., Sheshadri, R.K., Zheng, W., Koutsonikolas, D.: A first look at 802.11n power consumption in smartphones. In: Proceedings of the ACM Mobicom International Workshop on Practical Issues and Applications in Next Generation Wireless Networks (PINGEN) (2012).

Digital Library

[39]

WiMi: Wisconsin Millimeter-wave Software Radio. http://xyzhang.ece.wisc.edu/wimi/index.html.

[40]

Xu, H., Kukshya, V., & Rappaport, T. S. (2002). Spatial and temporal characteristics of 60-ghz indoor channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 20(3), 620---630.

Digital Library

[41]

Yunze Zeng Parth H. Pathak, P.M.: A First Look at 802.11ac in Action: Energy Efficiency and Interference Characterization. In: Proceedings of the IFIP Networking (2014).

[42]

Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Kulkarni, P., Ramanathan, P.: OpenMili: A 60 GHz software radio platform with a reconfigurable phased-array antenna. In: Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom (2016).

Digital Library

[43]

Zhou, A., Zhang, X., Ma, H.: Beam-forecast: Facilitating mobile 60 GHz networks via model-driven beam steering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM (2017).

[44]

Zhou, X., Zhang, Z., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Kumar, S., Vahdat, A., Zhao, B.Y., Zheng, H.: Mirror Mirror on the Ceiling: Flexible Wireless Links for Data Centers. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM (2012).

Digital Library

[45]

Zhu, Y., Zhang, Z., Marzi, Z., Nelson, C., Madhow, U., Zhao, B.Y., Zheng, H.: Demystifying 60ghz outdoor picocells. In: Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom (2014).

Digital Library

[46]

Zhu, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, Z., Zhou, L., Vahdat, A., Zhao, B.Y., Zheng, H.: Cutting the cord: A robust wireless facilities network for data centers. In: Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom (2014).

Digital Library

[47]

IEEE 802.11 Task Group AD. http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgad_update.htm.

Cited By

Charrada ASamet A(2023)Robust and Sparse Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform-Based Twin Support Vector Regression for 5G InH and V2I CommunicationsWireless Personal Communications: An International Journal10.1007/s11277-022-10011-w128:3(1603-1630)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11277-022-10011-w

60 GHz indoor WLANs: insights into performance and power consumption
1. Networks
  1. Network types

Recommendations

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based High Gain Planar Antipodal Linear Tapered Slot Antenna with Dielectric Loading for 60 GHz Communications

The 60 GHz band has the potential to provide high speed wireless communication. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fed millimeter wave high gain antipodal linear tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) is presented in this paper. To obtain high gain the ...
SIW Based Antipodal Linear Tapered Slot Antenna for Inter-Satellite Communication Links at 60 GHz

Future space exploration demands inter-satellite links (ISL) that allow high speed communication between two or more satellites. This paper is concerned with the antenna system capable of establishing and maintaining ISL at 60 GHz. A high gain corrugated ...
A 60-GHz on-chip slot-array antenna in integrated-passive-device technology for antenna-in-package applications

A new millimeter-wave antenna structure on a low-cost, production platform integrated passive device technology is presented. The antenna consists of a 2-by-1 array of slot antennas at 60 GHz. An in-house developed on-chip antenna measurement setup was ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Wireless Networks

Wireless Networks Volume 24, Issue 7

October 2018

445 pages

ISSN:1022-0038

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Berlin, Heidelberg

Publication History

Published: 01 October 2018

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

1
Total Citations
View Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 13 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Charrada ASamet A(2023)Robust and Sparse Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform-Based Twin Support Vector Regression for 5G InH and V2I CommunicationsWireless Personal Communications: An International Journal10.1007/s11277-022-10011-w128:3(1603-1630)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11277-022-10011-w

View Options

View options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents