Particle-Water Wave Optimization for Secure Routing in Wireless Sensor Network Using Cluster Head Selection

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has some great advantages, such as flexible communication, low power consumption, and low cost. In view of the WSN clustering algorithm, the dynamic cluster head selection methods are put forward in order to solve the problem of the unreasonable cluster head selection that may lead to the overlapping coverage and unbalanced energy consumption in the cluster communication. Also, security is an important aspect in the WSN. Various security and routing protocols are developed for increasing the efficiency of packet transmission, but discovering the optimal path without degrading transmission reliability poses a challenging task in the sensor network. Hence, an effective and optimal secure routing algorithm named Particle-Water Wave Optimization (P-WWO) is developed in this research for routing the data packets in secure path. The proposed P-WWO algorithm is designed by integrating the Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) with the Water Wave Optimization (WWO). The secure route needed to broadcast the data packets is determined through the selection of Cluster Head using the PSO-based cellular automata with fitness measure. However, the fitness measure is computed by considering the factors, like energy, delay, trust, consistency factor, and maintainability factor. Accordingly, the routing path with the minimal distance and less delay is accepted as the optimal path using the proposed P-WWO based on the fitness value. The route maintenance process enables the proposed optimization to decide whether the packets can be transmitted in the selected route or need to re-route the data. Moreover, the proposed P-WWO obtained better performance using the metrics, such as energy balancing index, coverage, number of alive-nodes, and average energy left with the values of 0.9246 99.9%, 144, and 0.666 J, respectively.