research-article

Energy-aware system design for batteryless LPWAN devices in IoT applications

Authors:

Mehmet Erkan Yuksel,

Huseyin FidanAuthors Info & Claims

Volume 122, Issue C

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2021.102625

Published: 01 November 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Interconnected LPWAN devices, which create the IoT, are usually powered by batteries that significantly limit their operational lifetime. The main disadvantage of batteries is that they must be periodically/manually replaced with new ones or recharged when they are depleted. This kind of maintenance increases the cost and restricts the large-scale deployments of these devices. Furthermore, wireless communication between distributed devices and gateways (or base stations) consumes a significant amount of energy, even more, if data has to be sent to a distance of several kilometers. When considering the limitations of battery power and long operating life, alternative energy sources, energy harvesting techniques, and power management strategies are required for LPWAN IoT devices to operate seamlessly and efficiently. Therefore, the development of energy-efficient solutions for such devices is a crucial issue. In this study, we designed and implemented an energy-aware system model to operate LPWAN IoT devices that have multiple wireless communication technologies (Wi-Fi, dual-mode Bluetooth, LoRa, SigFox, LTE-M) batteryless and maximize their operational lifetime in the IoT environment. We designed an energy harvesting system that couples a solar panel with a supercapacitor to achieve self-sustainability in a heterogeneous short-and long-range network and improve energy efficiency. We developed a power-aware software running on a MicroPython-enabled embedded operating system to manage the device power consumption by exploiting the power modes of the system hardware components. We performed a simulation based on a probabilistic sensing model to evaluate how the proposed method influences the overall energy efficiency of the LPWAN IoT network. In our experimental study and simulation, we demonstrated our system model saved energy in the solar-powered supercapacitor-operated LPWAN IoT device, and observed that the device operated well with low-power consumption without any performance degradation.

References

[1]

BS Chaudhari, M. Zennaro, LPWAN Technologies for IoT and M2M Applications, Academic Press, London, 2020.

[2]

M Bembe, A Abu-Mahfouz, M Masonta, T. Ngqondi, A survey on low-power wide area networks for IoT applications, Telecommun. Syst. 71 (2019) 249.

[3]

K Mekki, E Bajic, F Chaxel, F. Meyer, A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment, ICT Express 5 (1) (2019) 1–7.

[4]

U Raza, P Kulkarni, M. Sooriyabandara, Low power wide area networks: an overview, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 19 (2017) 855–873.

Digital Library

[5]

D Ismail, M Rahman, A. Saifullah, Low-power wide-area networks: opportunities, challenges, and directions, in: The 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, ACM, New York, USA, 2018, pp. 1–6.

[6]

E Sisinni, A Saifullah, S Han, U Jennehag, M. Gidlund, Industrial Internet of Things: challenges, opportunities, and directions, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 14 (11) (2018) 4724–4734.

[7]

P Anagnostou, A Gomez, PA Hager, H Fatemi, JP de Gyvez, L Thiele, L. Benini, Energy and power awareness in hardware schedulers for energy harvesting IoT SoCs, Integration 67 (2019) 33–43.

[8]

D Dondi, A Bertacchini, D Brunelli, L Larcher, L. Benini, Modeling and optimization of a solar energy harvester system for self-powered wireless sensor networks, IEEE Trans. Indust. Electron. 55 (7) (2018) 2759–2766.

[9]

C Lu, V Raghunathan, K. Roy, Efficient design of micro-scale energy harvesting systems, IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst. 1 (3) (2011) 254–266.

[10]

H Jayakumar, K Lee, WS Lee, A Raha, Y Kim, V. Raghunathan, Powering the internet of things, in: The 2014 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, ACM/IEEE, La Jolla, CA, USA, 2014, pp. 375–380.

[11]

Q Liu, T Mak, T Zhang, X Niu, W Luk, A. Yakovlev, Power-adaptive computing system design for solar-energy-powered embedded systems, IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. VLSI Syst. 23 (8) (2015) 1402–1414.

[12]

Y Chen, N Chiotellis, L Chuo, C Pfeiffer, Y Shi, RG Dreslinski, A Grbic, T Mudge, DD Wentzloff, D Blaauw, HS. Kim, Energy-autonomous wireless communication for millimeter-scale Internet-of-Things sensor nodes, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 34 (12) (2016) 3962–3977.

[13]

S Mondal, R. Paily, Efficient solar power management system for self-powered IoT node, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap. 64 (9) (2017) 2359–2369.

[14]

R Ahmed, B Buchli, S Draskovic, L Sigrist, P Kumar, L. Thiele, Optimal power management with guaranteed minimum energy utilization for solar energy harvesting systems, ACM Trans. Embedded Comput. Syst. 18 (4) (2019) 1–26.

[15]

M Prauzek, J Konecny, M Borova, K Janosova, J Hlavica, P. Musilek, Energy harvesting sources, storage devices and system topologies for environmental wireless sensor networks: a review, Sensors 18 (8) (2018) 2446.

[16]

M Habibzadeh, M Hassanalieragh, A Ishikawa, T Soyata, G. Sharma, Hybrid solar-wind energy harvesting for embedded applications: supercapacitor-based system architectures and design tradeoffs, IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 17 (4) (2017) 29–63.

[17]

M Hassanalieragh, T Soyata, A Nadeau, G. Sharma, UR-SolarCap: an open source intelligent auto-wakeup solar energy harvesting system for supercapacitor-based energy buffering, IEEE Access 4 (2016) 542–557.

[18]

Z Liu, X Yang, S Yang, J. McCann, Efficiency-aware: maximizing energy utilization for sensor nodes using photovoltaic-supercapacitor energy systems, Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. 9 (4) (2013).

[19]

C Moser, J-J Chen, L. Thiele, An energy management framework for energy harvesting embedded systems, ACM J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst. 6 (2) (2010) 1–21. Article 7.

[20]

C Moser, L Thiele, D Brunelli, L. Benini, Adaptive power management for environmentally powered systems, IEEE Trans. Comput. 59 (4) (2010) 478–491.

[21]

S Sudevalayam, P. Kulkarni, Energy harvesting sensor nodes: survey and implications, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 13 (3) (2010) 443–461.

[22]

CY Chen, PH. Chou, DuraCap: a supercapacitor-based, power-bootstrapping, maximum power point tracking energy-harvesting system, in: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low-power Electronics and Design, ACM/IEEE, Austin, TX, USA, 2010, pp. 313–318.

[23]

D Brunelli, C Moser, L Thiele, L. Benini, Design of a solar-harvesting circuit for batteryless embedded systems, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap. 56 (11) (2009) 2519–2528.

[24]

P. Marwedel, Embedded System Design: Embedded Systems Foundations of Cyber-Physical Systems, and the Internet of Things, 2nd ed., Springer, London, 2017.

[25]

M. Alioto, Enabling the Internet of Things: From Integrated Circuits to Integrated Systems, Springer, London, 2017.

[26]

N Shafiee, S Tewari, B Calhoun, A. Shrivastava, Infrastructure circuits for lifetime improvement of ultra-low power IoT devices, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap. 64 (9) (2017) 2598–2610.

[27]

Q Ju, Y. Zhang, Predictive power management for Internet of battery-less things, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 33 (1) (2017) 299–312.

[28]

S Carreon-Bautista, L Huang, E. Sanchez-Sinencio, An autonomous energy harvesting power management unit with digital regulation for IoT applications, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 51 (6) (2016) 1457–1474.

[29]

AS Weddell, GV Merrett, TJ Kazmierski, Al-Hashimi BM, Accurate supercapacitor modeling for energy harvesting wireless sensor nodes, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Express Briefs 58 (12) (2011) 911–915.

[30]

A Kansal, J Hsu, S Zahedi, MB. Srivastava, Power management in energy harvesting sensor networks, ACM Trans. Embedded Comput. Syst. 6 (4) (2007) 32–38.

[31]

I Demirkol, D Camps-Mur, J Paradells, M Combalia, W Popoola, H. Haas, Powering the Internet of Things through light communication, IEEE Commun. Mag. 57 (6) (2019) 107–113.

[32]

Y Bai, H Jantunen, J. Juuti, Energy harvesting research: the road from single source to multisource, Adv. Mater. 30 (34) (2018).

[33]

Tuna G, Gungor VC, Gulez K, Hancke GP. Energy harvesting techniques for industrial wireless sensor networks. In: Hancke GP, Gungor VC (Eds.). Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications, Protocols, Standards, and Products, Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2017, p. 119-136.

[34]

BK Kim, S Sy, A Yu, J. Zhang, Yan J (Ed, Electrochemical supercapacitors for energy storage and conversion, Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 2015, pp. 1–25.

[35]

N. Kularatna, Energy Storage Devices for Electronic Systems: Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors, Academic Press, London, 2014.

[36]

A Yu, V Chabot, J. Zhang, Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2013.

[37]

S Sudevalayam, P. Kulkarni, Energy harvesting sensor nodes: survey and implications, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 13 (3) (2010) 443–461.

[38]

D Newell, M. Duffy, Review of power conversion and energy management for low-power, low-voltage energy harvesting powered wireless sensors, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 34 (10) (2019) 9794–9805.

[39]

M Shirvanimoghaddam, K Shirvanimoghaddam, MM Abolhasani, M Farhangi, VZ Barsari, H Liu, M Dohler, M. Naebe, Towards a green and self-powered Internet of Things using piezoelectric energy harvesting, IEEE Access 7 (2019) 94533–94556.

[40]

KS Adu-Manu, N Adam, C Tapparello, H Ayatollahi, W. Heinzelman, Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs): a review, ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 14 (2) (2018) 1–50.

Digital Library

[41]

JP Ram, TS Babu, N. Rajasekar, A comprehensive review on solar PV maximum power point tracking techniques, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 67 (2017) 826–847.

[42]

S Mondal, R. Paily, On-chip photovoltaic power harvesting system with low-overhead adaptive MPPT for IoT nodes, IEEE Internet Things J. 4 (5) (2017) 1624–1633.

[43]

M Magno, FA Aoudia, M Gautier, O Berder, L Benini, WULoRa: an energy efficient IoT end-node for energy harvesting and heterogeneous communication, in: Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, IEEE, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2017, pp. 1528–1533.

[44]

E Morin, M Maman, R Guizzetti, A. Duda, Comparison of the device lifetime in wireless networks for the Internet of Things, IEEE Access 5 (2017) 7097–7114.

[45]

C Tunc, N. Akar, Markov fluid queue model of an energy harvesting IoT device with adaptive sensing, Perform. Eval. 111 (2017) 1–16.

[46]

N Michelusi, M. Levorato, Energy-based adaptive multiple access in LPWAN IoT systems with energy harvesting, in: IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, IEEE, Aachen, Germany, 2017, pp. 1112–1116.

[47]

M Rossi, P. Tosato, Energy neutral design of an IoT system for pollution monitoring, in: IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems, IEEE, Milan, Italy, 2017, pp. 1–6.

[48]

H Sun, M Yin, W Wei, J Li, H Wang, X Jin, MEMS based energy harvesting for the Internet of Things: a survey, Microsyst. Technol. 24 (7) (2018) 2853–2869.

[49]

HHR Sherazi, MA Imran, G Boggia, LA. Grieco, Energy harvesting in LoRaWAN: a cost analysis for the industry 4.0, IEEE Commun. Lett. 22 (11) (2018) 2358–2361.

[50]

VM Suresh, R Sidhu, P Karkare, A Patil, Z Lei, A. Basu, Powering the IoT through embedded machine learning and LoRa, in: IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things, IEEE, Singapore, 2018, pp. 349–354.

[51]

A Haridas, VS Rao, RV Prasad, C. Sarkar, Opportunities and challenges in using energy-harvesting for NB-IoT, ACM SIGBED Rev. 15 (5) (2018) 7–13.

[52]

B Thoen, G Callebaut, G Leenders, S. Wielandt, A deployable LPWAN platform for low-cost and energy-constrained IoT applications, Sensors 19 (3) (2019) 585.

[53]

J Hao, J Chen, R Wang, Y Zhuang, B. Zhang, A robust transmission scheduling approach for Internet of Things sensing service with energy harvesting, Sensors 19 (14) (2019) 3090.

[54]

D Purkovic, M Hönsch, TRMK. Meyer, An energy efficient communication protocol for low power, energy harvesting sensor modules, IEEE Sens. J. 19 (2) (2018) 701–714.

[55]

M Mabon, M Gautier, B Vrigneau, M Le Gentil, O Berder, The smaller the better: designing solar energy harvesting sensor nodes for long-range monitoring, Wireless Commun. Mob. Comput. 2878545 (2019) 1–11. Article ID.

[56]

ME. Yuksel, The design and implementation of a batteryless wireless embedded system for IoT applications, Electrica 19 (1) (2019) 1–11.

[57]

C Orfanidis, K Dimitrakopoulos, X Fafoutis, M. Jacobsson, Towards battery-free LPWAN wearables, in: The 7th International Workshop on Energy Harvesting & Energy-Neutral Sensing Systems, ACM, New York, USA, 2019, pp. 52–53.

[58]

Callebaut G, Ottoy G, Leenders G, Thoen B, De Strycker L, Van der Perre L. Remote IoT devices: sleepy strategies and signal processing to the rescue for a long battery life. arXiv 2019; arXiv 1901.06836.

[59]

Galin-Pons A. Technology independent method for defining battery powered LPWAN end-point lifetime estimation. arXiv 2019; arXiv 1902.04254.

[60]

G Peruzzi, A. Pozzebon, A review of energy harvesting techniques for low power wide area networks (LPWANs), Energies 13 (13) (2020) 3433.

[61]

HHR Sherazi, LA Grieco, MA Imran, G. Boggia, Energy-efficient LoRaWAN for industry 4.0 applications, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 17 (2) (2021) 891–902.

[62]

RK Singh, PP Puluckul, R Berkvens, M. Weyn, Energy consumption analysis of LPWAN technologies and lifetime estimation for IoT application, Sensors 20 (17) (2020) 4794.

[63]

A Sabovic, C Delgado, D Subotic, B Jooris, E De Poorter, J. Famaey, Energy-aware sensing on battery-less LoRaWAN devices with energy harvesting, Electronics 9 (6) (2020) 904.

[64]

S Zeadally, FK Shaikh, A Talpur, QZ. Sheng, Design architectures for energy harvesting in the Internet of Things, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 128 (2020).

[65]

MAM Vieira, CN Coelho, DC da Silva, JM. da Mata, Survey on wireless sensor network devices, in: EFTA 2003. IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings (Cat. No. 03TH8696), 1, IEEE, Lisbon, Portugal, 2003, pp. 537–544.

[66]

Yau C-W, Kwok TT-O, Lei C-U, Kwok Y-K. Energy harvesting in Internet of Things. In: Di Martino B, Li K-C, Yang LT, Esposito A (Eds.). Internet of Everything. Internet of Things. Springer, Singapore, 2018; pp. 35-79.

[67]

C Delgado, JM Sanz, C Blondia, J. Famaey, Battery-less LoRaWAN communications using energy harvesting: modeling and characterization, IEEE Internet Things J. 8 (4) (2021) 2694–2711.

[68]

M Meli, S Stajic, S. Wick, Powering Sigfox nodes with harvested energy, in: The Embedded World Exhibition & Conference, WEKA, Nürnberg, Germany, 2020.

[69]

CM Vigorito, D Ganesan, AG. Barto, Adaptive control of duty cycling in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks, in: The 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, 2007, pp. 21–30.

[70]

G Anastasi, M Conti, M Di Francesco, A. Passarella, Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: a survey, Ad Hoc Networks 7 (3) (2009) 537–568.

[71]

P Park, SC Ergen, C Fischione, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Duty-cycle optimization for IEEE 802.15. 4 wireless sensor networks, ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 10 (1) (2013) 1–32.

[72]

A Castagnetti, A Pegatoquet, TN Le, M. Auguin, A joint duty-cycle and transmission power management for energy harvesting WSN, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 10 (2) (2014) 928–936.

[73]

J Zhang, Z Li, S. Tang, Value of information aware opportunistic duty cycling in solar harvesting sensor networks, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 12 (1) (2016) 348–360.

[74]

FK Shaikh, S. Zeadally, Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: a comprehensive review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 55 (2016) 1041–1054.

[75]

A Liu, Y Hu, Z. Chen, An energy-efficient mobile target detection scheme with adjustable duty cycles in wireless sensor networks, Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput. 22 (4) (2016) 203–225.

[76]

H Ayadi, A Zouinkhi, T Val, A Van den Bossche, MN. Abdelkrim, Network lifetime management in wireless sensor networks, IEEE Sens. J. 18 (15) (2018) 6438–6445.

[77]

H Sharma, A Haque, ZA. Jaffery, Maximization of wireless sensor network lifetime using solar energy harvesting for smart agriculture monitoring, Ad Hoc Networks 94 (2019).

[78]

AA Babayo, MH Anisi, I Ali, A review on energy management schemes in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 76 (2017) 1176–1184.

[79]

M Pedram, JM. Rabaey, Power Aware Design Methodologies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002.

[80]

Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd., Power Storage Devices. https://www.yuden.co.jp/or/, (Last accessed: 28 June 2021).

[81]

H. Yang, Estimation of supercapacitor charge capacity bounds considering charge redistribution, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 33 (8) (2017) 6980–6993.

[82]

R Chai, H Ying, Y. Zhang, Supercapacitor charge redistribution analysis for power management of wireless sensor networks, IET Power Electronics 10 (2) (2017) 169–177.

[83]

H Yang, Y. Zhang, Characterization of supercapacitor models for analyzing supercapacitors connected to constant power elements, J. Power Sources 312 (2016) 165–171.

[84]

Q Ju, Y. Zhang, Charge redistribution-aware power management for supercapacitor-operated wireless sensor networks, IEEE Sens. J. 16 (7) (2015) 2046–2054.

[85]

H Yang, Y. Zhang, Analysis of supercapacitor energy loss for power management in environmentally powered wireless sensor nodes, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 28 (11) (2013) 5391–5403.

[86]

K Sharma, A Arora, SK. Tripathi, Review of supercapacitors: materials and devices, J. Energy Storage 21 (2019) 801–825.

[87]

F Wang, X Wu, X Yuan, Z Liu, Y Zhang, L Fu, Y Zhu, Q Zhou, Y Wu, W. Huang, Latest advances in supercapacitors: From new electrode materials to novel device designs, Chem. Soc. Rev. 46 (22) (2017) 6816–6854.

[88]

M Salanne, B Rotenberg, K Naoi, K Kaneko, P-L Taberna, CP Grey, B Dunn, P. Simon, Efficient storage mechanisms for building better supercapacitors, Nature Energy 1 (6) (2016) 1–10.

[89]

H Yang, Y. Zhang, Self-discharge analysis and characterization of supercapacitors for environmentally powered wireless sensor network applications, J. Power Sources 196 (20) (2011) 8866–8873.

[90]

D Xu, L Zhang, B Wang, G. Ma, Modeling of supercapacitor behavior with an improved two-branch equivalent circuit, IEEE Access 7 (2019) 26379–26390.

[91]

P Saha, S Dey, M. Khanra, Modeling and state-of-charge estimation of supercapacitor considering leakage effect, IEEE Trans. Indust. Electron. 67 (1) (2019) 350–357.

[92]

JF Shen, YJ He, ZF. Ma, A systematical evaluation of polynomial based equivalent circuit model for charge redistribution dominated self-discharge process in supercapacitors, J. Power Sources 303 (2016) 294–304.

[93]

Y Parvini, JB Siegel, AG Stefanopoulou, A. Vahidi, Supercapacitor electrical and thermal modeling, identification, and validation for a wide range of temperature and power applications, IEEE Trans. Indust. Electron. 63 (3) (2015) 1574–1585.

[94]

PO Logerais, MA Camara, O Riou, A Djellad, A Omeiri, F Delaleux, JF. Durastanti, Modeling of a supercapacitor with a multibranch circuit, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 40 (39) (2015) 13725–13736.

[95]

Gekakis N, Nadeau A, Hassanalieragh M, Chen Y, Liu Z, Honan G, Erdem F, Sharma G, Soyata T. Modeling of supercapacitors as an energy buffer for cyber-physical systems. In: Siddesh GM, Deka GC, Srinivasa KG, Patnaik LM (Eds.). Cyber-Physical Systems: a Computational Perspective, Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016, p. 171-189.

[96]

V Sedlakova, J Sikula, J Majzner, P Sedlak, T Kuparowitz, B Buergler, P. Vasina, Supercapacitor equivalent electrical circuit model based on charges redistribution by diffusion, J. Power Sources 286 (2015) 58–65.

[97]

D Torregrossa, M Bahramipanah, E Namor, R Cherkaoui, M. Paolone, Improvement of dynamic modeling of supercapacitor by residual charge effect estimation, IEEE Trans. Indust. Electron. 61 (3) (2013) 1345–1354.

[98]

R Chai, Y. Zhang, A practical supercapacitor model for power management in wireless sensor nodes, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 30 (12) (2014) 6720–6730.

[99]

AS Weddell, GV Merrett, TJ Kazmierski, Al-Hashimi BM, Accurate supercapacitor modeling for energy harvesting wireless sensor nodes, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Express Briefs 58 (12) (2011) 911–915.

[100]

Y Zhang, H. Yang, Modeling and characterization of supercapacitors for wireless sensor network applications, J. Power Sources 196 (8) (2011) 4128–4135.

[101]

A Sinha, A. Chandrakasan, Dynamic power management in wireless sensor networks, IEEE Des. Test of Comput. 18 (2) (2001) 62–74.

[102]

R Chai, Y Zhang, G Sun, H. Li, Power management for controlling event detection probability of supercapacitor powered sensor networks, in: 2018 Annual American Control Conference, IEEE, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2018, pp. 2623–2629.

[103]

H Pirayesh, PK Sangdeh, H. Zeng, Coexistence of Wi-Fi and IoT communications in WLANs, IEEE Internet Things J. 7 (8) (2020) 7495–7505.

[104]

ME. Yuksel, Power consumption analysis of a Wi-Fi based IoT device, Electrica 20 (1) (2020) 62–70.

[105]

D Thomas, R McPherson, G Paul, J. Irvine, Optimizing power consumption of Wi-Fi for IoT devices: an MSP430 processor and an ESP-03 chip provide a power-efficient solution, IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag. 5 (4) (2016) 92–100.

[106]

HH Lin, MJ Shih, HY Wei, R. Vannithamby, DeepSleep: IEEE 802.11 enhancement for energy-harvesting machine-to-machine communications, Wireless Netw. 21 (2) (2015) 357–370.

[107]

S Tozlu, M Senel, W Mao, A. Keshavarzian, Wi-Fi enabled sensors for Internet of Things: a practical approach, IEEE Commun. Mag. 50 (6) (2012) 134–143.

[108]

A Abedi, O Abari, T. Brecht, Wi-LE: can WiFi replace bluetooth?, in: The 18th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, ACM, Princeton, NJ, USA, 2019, pp. 117–124.

[109]

L Hanschke, J Heitmann, C. Renner, Challenges of WiFi-enabled and solar-powered sensors for smart ports, in: The 4th International Workshop on Energy Harvesting and Energy- Neutral Sensing Systems, ACM, Stanford, CA, USA, 2016, pp. 13–18.

[110]

A Rüst, AD. Müller, Low-power wireless: what is possible with Wi-Fi?, in: Wireless Congress: Systems & Applications, WEKA, Munich, Germany, 2015.

Index Terms

Energy-aware system design for batteryless LPWAN devices in IoT applications

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

Recommendations

Enabling Green IoT: Energy-Aware Communication Protocols for Battery-less LoRaWAN Devices
MSWiM '21: Proceedings of the 24th International ACM Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems

Many IoT scenarios, such as smart cities, wild life monitoring, or smart agriculture, involve thousands of battery-powered devices. The disposal and replacement of such batteries represent an important economical and environmental cost. To realize Green ...
Uncertainty-aware Energy Harvest Prediction and Management for IoT Devices
Internet of things (IoT) devices are popular in several high-impact applications such as mobile healthcare and digital agriculture. However, IoT devices have limited operating lifetime due to their small form factor. Harvesting energy from ambient sources ...
Harvesting-aware energy management for multicore platforms with hybrid energy storage
GLSVLSI '13: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on Great lakes symposium on VLSI

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for energy and workload management in multi-core embedded systems with solar energy harvesting and a periodic hard real-time task set as the workload. Compared to prior work, our energy management framework ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Ad Hoc Networks

Ad Hoc Networks Volume 122, Issue C

Nov 2021

200 pages

ISSN:1570-8705

Issue’s Table of Contents

Elsevier B.V.

Publisher

Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.

Netherlands

Publication History

Published: 01 November 2021

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

0
Total Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 10 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

View Options

View options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents