research-article

Evaluation of TCP Congestion Control Algorithms with traffic control policies in a PEP-based geosynchronous satellite scenario

Authors:

Jorge Mata-Díaz,

Juanjo AlinsAuthors Info & Claims

Volume 239, Issue C

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.110131

Published: 12 April 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Much work has been done in recent years comparing TCP variants in many scenarios, including the satellite one. Some of these studies were carried out with the ns-2 and ns-3 simulators, which may give a good idea of the behavior of these TCP variants, although the results cannot be considered completely realistic. Some of the latest studies use virtualization to derive a variety of measures to test the suitability of Congestion Control Algorithms in a more realistic way. Such studies also take into account new variants of TCP, such as Google’s BBR. However, few of these works have evaluated the behavior of these variants in a scenario based on Performance Enhancing Proxies. Furthermore, no emphasis has been placed on those variants of TCP that try to maximize throughput and minimize delay, which is crucial in many services with low latency requirements. Our paper aims to fill this gap, offering a comparative assessment of the performance of these three TCP flavors: BBR, YeAH and CUBIC. We have created four different approaches to mix these TCP flavors with two traffic control techniques, including Active Queue Management (AQM) policies. To perform the testings, we have developed a TCP-Splitting satellite Emulation Framework (TSEF), a platform that allows us to evaluate the performance of TCP flavors on the forward channel of a geosynchronous satellite scenario based on Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs). According to our results, we can conclude that the application of AQM policies and ECN marks on aggressive TCP flavors like CUBIC is mandatory to maximize throughput and minimize delay.

References

[1]

Astranis. https://www.astranis.com/.

[2]

Ovzon. https://www.ovzon.com/.

[3]

Saturn Satellite Networks. https://www.saturnsatellite.com/.

[4]

Gapsat. https://www.gap-sat.com/.

[5]

Caubet Juan, Muñoz Jose L., Alins Juanjo, Mata-Díaz Jorge, Esparza Oscar, Deploying internet protocol security in satellite networks using transmission control protocol performance enhancing proxies, Int. J. Satellite Commun. Netw. 31 (2) (2013) 51–76.

[6]

Border J., Kojo M., Griner J., Montenegro G., Shelby Z., Performance Enhancing Proxies Intended to Mitigate Link-Related Degradations, Internet Engineering Task Force, 2001.

[7]

F. Li, J.W. Chung, X. Jiang, Driving TCP Congestion Control Algorithms on Highway, in: Tech. Conf. Linux Networking, 2017.

[8]

Kuhn Nicolas, Natarajan Preethi, Khademi Naeem, Ros David, Characterization Guidelines for Active Queue Management (AQM), RFC Editor, 2016.

Digital Library

[9]

Nichols Kathleen, Jacobson Van, McGregor Andrew, Iyengar Jana, Controlled Delay Active Queue Management, RFC Editor, 2018.

[10]

C. Caini, R. Firrincieli, D. Lacamera, PEPsal: a performance enhancing proxy designed for TCP satellite connections, in: 2006 IEEE 63rd vehicular technology conference, Vol. 6, 2006, pp. 2607–2611.

[11]

Digital video broadcasting (DVB); second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for broadcasting, interactive services, news gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2), 2004, ETSI Specification: EN 302 307.

[12]

Digital video broadcasting (DVB); second generation DVB interactive satellite system (DVB-RCS2); part 2 lower layers for satellite standard, 2014, ETSI Specification: EN 301 545-2.

[13]

Henderson T.R., Katz R.H., Transport protocols for internet-compatible satellite networks, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17 (1999) 326–344.

[14]

Fairhurst Gorry, Welzl Michael, The Benefits of Using Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), RFC Editor, 2017.

[15]

Pan Rong, Natarajan Preethi, Baker Fred, White Greg, Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced (PIE): A Lightweight Control Scheme to Address the Bufferbloat Problem, RFC Editor, 2017.

[16]

Jendaipou Palmei, Shefali Gupta, Pasquale Imputato, Jonathan Morton, Mohit P. Tahiliani, Stefano Avallone, Dave Täht, Design and Evaluation of COBALT Queue Discipline, in: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN), 2019, pp. 1–6.

[17]

Baker Fred, Pan Rong, On Queuing, Marking, and Dropping, RFC Editor, 2016.

[18]

Høiland-Jørgensen Toke, McKenney Paul, Täht Dave, Gettys Jim, Dumazet Eric, The flow queue CoDel packet scheduler and active queue management algorithm, RFC 8290 (2018) 1–25.

[19]

Grieco Luigi A., Mascolo Saverio, Performance evaluation and comparison of Westwood+, New Reno, and Vegas TCP congestion control, SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 34 (2) (2004) 25–38.

[20]

C. Caini, R. Firrincieli, D. Lacamera, Comparative performance evaluation of TCP variants on satellite environments, in: 2009 IEEE international conference on communications, 2009, pp. 1–5.

[21]

Luglio M., Roseti Cesare, Zampognaro F., Performance evaluation of TCP-based applications over DVB-RCS DAMA schemes, Int. J. Satellite Commun. Netw. 27 (3) (2009) 163–191.

[22]

Trivedi Siddharth, Jaiswal Sanjay, Kumar Rituraj, Rao Shrisha, Comparative performance evaluation of TCP Hybla and TCP CUBIC for satellite communication under low error conditions, in: 2010 IEEE 4th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Services Architecture and Application, IEEE, 2010, pp. 1–5.

[23]

Alrshah Mohamed A., Othman Mohamed, Ali Borhanuddin Mohd, Hanapi Zurina Mohd, Comparative study of high-speed linux TCP variants over high-BDP networks, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 43 (2014) 66–75.

[24]

Rendon-Morales Elizabeth, Mata-Díaz Jorge, Alins Juanjo, Muñoz Jose L., Esparza Oscar, Performance evaluation of selected transmission control protocol variants over a digital video broadcasting-second generation broadband satellite multimedia system with QoS, Int. J. Commun. Syst. 26 (12) (2013) 1579–1598.

[25]

Hiroshi Yamamoto, Katsuyuki Yamazaki, Evaluation of coexisting enhanced TCP flows on the high-speed internetworking satellite (WINDS), J. Inf. Process. 21 (3) (2013) 490–494.

[26]

Khalifa Tarek, Shaban Khaled Bashir, Abdrabou Atef, Bilh Abdoulmenim, Naik Kshirasagar, Modelling and performance analysis of TCP variants for data collection in smart power grids, Comput. Commun. 103 (2017) 39–48.

[27]

Gupta Sheshank, Singh Yashvardhan, Comparative analysis of newer congestion control algorithms in high BDP networks, Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng. Technol. Sci. 04–10 (2022).

[28]

Saahil Claypool, Jae Chung, Mark Claypool, Comparison of TCP Congestion Control Performance over a Satellite Network, in: Proceedings of the Passive and Active Measurement Conference (PAM), 2021.

[29]

Saahil Claypool, Jae Chung, Mark Claypool, Measurements Comparing TCP CUBIC and TCP BBR over a Satellite Network, in: 2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), 2021.

[30]

Boubaker Amal, Performances des Protocoles de Transport Dans les Constellations de Satellites, (Ph.D. thesis) Université de Toulouse, 2022.

[31]

Mingxi Liu, Yongcheng Liu, Zhifei Ma, Zachary Porter, Jae Chung, Saahil Claypool, Feng Li, Jacob Tutlis, Mark Claypool, The Effects of a Performance Enhancing Proxy on TCP Congestion Control over a Satellite Network, in: 2022 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC), 2022, pp. 325–331.

[32]

Kuhn Nicolas, Ros David, Bagayoko Amadou Baba, Kulatunga Chamil, Fairhurst Gorry, Khademi Naeem, Operating ranges, tunability and performance of CoDel and PIE, Comput. Commun. 103 (2017) 74–82.

[33]

Chamil Kulatunga, Nicolas Kuhn, Gorry Fairhurst, David Ros, Tackling Bufferbloat in capacity-limited networks, in: 2015 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), 2015, pp. 381–385.

[34]

Kühlewind Mirja, TCP SIAD: Congestion control supporting high speed and low latency, 2016, CoRR abs/1612.07947.

[35]

M. Hock, F. Neumeister, M. Zitterbart, R. Bless, TCP LoLa: Congestion Control for Low Latencies and High Throughput, in: 2017 IEEE 42nd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), 2017, pp. 215–218.

[36]

Alins Juanjo, Mata-Diaz Jorge, Muñoz Jose L., Rendón-Morales Elizabeth, Esparza Oscar, XPLIT: A cross-layer architecture for TCP services over DVB-S2/ETSI QoS BSM, Comput. Netw. 56 (1) (2012) 412–434.

[37]

Wang Zhiming, Zeng Xiaoping, Liu Xue, Xu Man, Wen Ya, Chen Li, TCP congestion control algorithm for heterogeneous internet, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 68 (2016) 56–64.

[38]

Zhuo Jiang, Qian Wu, Hewu Li, NTCP: Network assisted TCP for long delay satellite network, in: 2016 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops), 2016, pp. 1–5.

[39]

Abdelsalam Ahmed, Luglio Michele, Roseti Cesare, Zampognaro Francesco, TCP wave: A new reliable transport approach for future internet, Comput. Netw. 112 (Supplement C) (2017) 122–143.

[40]

Fu Bo, Xiao Yang, Deng Hongmei, Zeng Hui, A survey of cross-layer designs in wireless networks, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 16 (1) (2013) 110–126.

[41]

Cardwell Neal, Cheng Yuchung, Gunn C. Stephen, Yeganeh Soheil Hassas, Jacobson Van, BBR: congestion-based congestion control, ACM Queue 14, September-October (2016) 20–53.

[42]

Atxutegi Eneko, Liberal Fidel, Haile Habtegebreil Kassaye, Grinnemo Karl-Johan, Brunstrom Anna, Arvidsson Ake, On the use of TCP BBR in cellular networks, Commun. Mag. 56 (3) (2018) 172–179.

[43]

J. D. Beshay, A. Taghavi Nasrabadi, R. Prakash, A. Francini, Link-coupled TCP for 5G networks, in: 2017 IEEE/ACM 25th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS), 2017, pp. 1–6.

[44]

Ali Parichehreh, Stefan Alfredsson, Anna Brunstrom, Measurement Analysis of TCP Congestion Control Algorithms in LTE Uplink, in: 2018 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA), 2018, pp. 1–8.

[45]

Neal Cardwell, Yuchung Cheng, S Hassas Yeganeh, Ian Swett, Victor Vasiliev, Priyaranjan Jha, Yousuk Seung, Matt Mathis, Van Jacobson, BBRv2: a model-based congestion control, in: Presentation in ICCRG At IETF 104th Meeting, 2019.

[46]

Endres Sebastian, Deutschmann Jörg, Hielscher Kai-Steffen, German Reinhard, Performance of QUIC implementations over geostationary satellite links, 2022.

[47]

Mike Kosek, Hendrik Cech, Vaibhav Bajpai, Jörg Ott, Exploring Proxying QUIC and HTTP/3 for Satellite Communication, in: 2022 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking), 2022, pp. 1–9.

[48]

Nicolas Kuhn, François Michel, Ludovic Thomas, Emmanuel Dubois, Emmanuel Lochin, QUIC: Opportunities and threats in SATCOM, in: 2020 10th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 16th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (ASMS/SPSC), 2020, pp. 1–7.

[49]

Petrou Matthieu, Pradas David, Kuhn Nicolas, Royer Mickäel, Lochin Emmanuel, When BBR beats FEC coded CUBIC flows over SATCOM, in: 2022 11th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 17th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (ASMS/SPSC), IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–8.

[50]

Pavur James, Strohmeier Martin, Lenders Vincent, Martinovic Ivan, QPEP: A QUIC-based approach to encrypted performance enhancing proxies for high-latency satellite broadband, 2020.

[51]

Moonligth200, Opensand measurement testbed, 2021.

[52]

CNES and Thales Alenia Space. OpenSAND. http://opensand.org.

[53]

Mishra Ayush, Sun Xiangpeng, Jain Atishya, Pande Sameer, Joshi Raj, Leong Ben, The great internet TCP congestion control census, Proc. ACM Meas. Anal. Comput. Syst. 3 (3) (2019).

[54]

Stefano Avallone, S. Guadagno, Donato Emma, Antonio Pescapè, Giorgio Ventre, D-ITG distributed internet traffic generator, in: First International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, 2004, pp. 316–317.

[55]

Floyd Sally, Henderson Tom, Gurtov Andrei, RFC3782: The NewReno modification to TCP’s fast recovery algorithm, 2004.

[56]

XipLink. ntroducing XipLink Technology. http://www.xiplink.com/.

[57]

Pradas David, Jiang Lei, Vazquez-Castro Angeles, Barsocchi Paolo, Potortı Francesco, Cost-efficient design of hybrid network for video transmission in tropical areas, in: VTC Spring, 2009.

[58]

Hock Mario, Bless Roland, Zitterbart Martina, Experimental evaluation of BBR congestion control, in: 2017 IEEE 25th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP), IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–10.

[59]

Neal Cardwell, Yuchung Cheng, C Stephen Gunn, Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, Ian Swett, Jana Iyengar, Victor Vasiliev, Van Jacobson, BBR congestion control: IETF 100 update: BBR in shallow buffers, in: Proc. IETF-100, 2017.

[60]

Touch Dr. Joseph D., Welzl Michael, Islam Safiqul, TCP Control Block Interdependence, RFC Editor, 2021.

[61]

Sangtae Ha, Injong Rhee, Hybrid slow start for high-bandwidth and long-distance networks, in: Proc. PFLDnet, 2008, pp. 1–6.

[62]

Cardwell Neal, Cheng Yuchung, Gunn C Stephen, Yeganeh Soheil Hassas, Jacobson Van, BBR: congestion-based congestion control, Commun. ACM 60 (2) (2017) 58–66.

Digital Library

[63]

R. Jain, D. Chiu, W. Hawe, A Quantitative Measure Of Fairness And Discrimination For Resource Allocation In Shared Computer Systems, DEC Research, Technical Report, 1998.

[64]

R. Morris, Scalable TCP congestion control, in: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No. 00CH37064), Vol. 3, 2000, pp. 1176–1183, vol.3.

[65]

Bhandarkar Sumitha, Jain Saurabh, Reddy A. L. Narasimha, LTCP: Improving the performance of TCP in highspeed networks, SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 36 (1) (2006) 41–50.

Recommendations

Performance Evaluation of TCP Congestion Control Algorithms in Data Center Networks
CFI '16: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Future Internet Technologies

TCP congestion control has been known for its crucial role in stabilizing the Internet and preventing congestion collapses. However, with the rapid advancement in networking technologies, resulting in the emergence of challenging network environments ...
ModQUIC protocol performance verification with CUBIC and BBR congestion control mechanisms

ModQUIC protocol is developed to compete for TCP's dominance. In this work, ModQUIC protocol performance is evaluated using the BBR protocol and suggested a new decrease factor (β) for CUBIC protocol. Results show that ModQUIC with BBR outperforms ModQUIC ...
Implementation and validation of TCP options and congestion control algorithms for ns-3
WNS3 '15: Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on ns-3

Currently, the ns-3 network simulator include rather limited TCP functionalities. TCP Options are not supported, and it misses models for widely used congestion control algorithms. Thus, simulations can be inadequate for today's standards and unable to ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking

Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking Volume 239, Issue C

Feb 2024

299 pages

ISSN:1389-1286

Issue’s Table of Contents

The Author(s).

Publisher

Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.

United States

Publication History

Published: 12 April 2024

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

0
Total Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 27 Jul 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

View Options

View options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents