review-article

A survey of energy-aware scheduling in mixed-criticality systems

Authors:

Rong-Kun ChenAuthors Info & Claims

Volume 127, Issue C

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2022.102524

Published: 01 June 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Unlike traditional embedded systems only have one criticality level, mixed-criticality (MC) systems integrate different types of applications or functionalities into a common and shared platform. There are many studies focusing on energy-aware scheduling in MC systems. This paper presents a survey of energy-aware scheduling algorithms in MC systems that have been published in 2013 until the end of 2021. The survey first presents a classification of the presented algorithms which have been classified based on system platforms, scheduling scheme and reliability. Firstly, we review the energy-aware scheduling without reliability, which can further be divided into uniprocessor and multiprocessor MC scheduling algorithms based on the processor platform. Secondly, we investigate the studies that integrate reliability into energy consumption in MC systems. Finally, we find some conclusive observations that can help in identifying possible new research directions.

References

[1]

Vestal S., Preemptive scheduling of multi-criticality systems with varying degrees of execution time assurance, in: 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2007), 2007, pp. 239–243.

[2]

Baruah S., Li H., Stougie L., Towards the design of certifiable mixed-criticality systems, in: 2010 16th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, IEEE, 2010, pp. 13–22.

[3]

Baruah S., Bonifaci V., D’Angelo G., Li H., Marchetti-Spaccamela A., Megow N., Stougie L., Scheduling real-time mixed-criticality jobs, IEEE Trans. Comput. 61 (8) (2012) 1140–1152.

[4]

Baruah S., Chattopadhyay B., Response-time analysis of mixed criticality systems with pessimistic frequency specification, in: 2013 IEEE 19th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, 2013, pp. 237–246.

[5]

Chen Y., Shin K.G., Xiong H., Generalizing fixed-priority scheduling for better schedulability in mixed-criticality systems, Inform. Process. Lett. 116 (8) (2016) 508–512.

[6]

Davis R.I., Altmeyer S., Burns A., Mixed criticality systems with varying context switch costs, in: 2018 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), IEEE, 2018, pp. 140–151.

[7]

Asyaban S., Kargahi M., An exact schedulability test for fixed-priority preemptive mixed-criticality real-time systems, Real-Time Syst. 54 (1) (2018) 32–90.

[8]

Pavić I., Džapo H., Commentary to: An exact schedulability test for fixed-priority preemptive mixed-criticality real-time systems, Real-Time Syst. 56 (1) (2020) 112–119.

[9]

Zhou Y., Samii S., Eles P., Peng Z., Scheduling optimization with partitioning for mixed-criticality systems, J. Syst. Archit. 98 (2019) 191–200.

Digital Library

[10]

Hussain I., Awan M.A., Souto P.F., Bletsas K., Akesson B., Tovar E., Response time analysis of multiframe mixed-criticality systems with arbitrary deadlines, Real-Time Syst. 57 (1) (2021) 141–189.

[11]

Baruah S., Bonifaci V., DAngelo G., Li H., Marchetti-Spaccamela A., Van Der Ster S., Stougie L., The preemptive uniprocessor scheduling of mixed-criticality implicit-deadline sporadic task systems, in: 2012 24th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, IEEE, 2012, pp. 145–154.

[12]

Ekberg P., Yi W., Bounding and shaping the demand of generalized mixed-criticality sporadic task systems, Real-Time Syst. 50 (1) (2014) 48–86.

[13]

Zhang T., Guan N., Deng Q., Yi W., On the analysis of EDF-VD scheduled mixed-criticality real-time systems, in: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES 2014), IEEE, 2014, pp. 179–188.

[14]

Baruah S., Schedulability analysis of mixed-criticality systems with multiple frequency specifications, in: 2016 International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–10.

[15]

Behera L., Bhaduri P., Time-triggered scheduling of mixed-criticality systems, ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst. (TODAES) 22 (4) (2017) 1–25.

[16]

Gu X., Easwaran A., Dynamic budget management and budget reclamation for mixed-criticality systems, Real-Time Syst. 55 (3) (2019) 552–597.

[17]

Gu X., Easwaran A., Efficient schedulability test for dynamic-priority scheduling of mixed-criticality real-time systems, ACM Trans. Embedd. Comput. Syst. (TECS) 17 (1) (2017) 1–24.

[18]

Yang K., Dong Z., Mixed-criticality scheduling in compositional real-time systems with multiple budget estimates, in: 2020 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), IEEE, 2020, pp. 25–37.

[19]

Medina R., Borde E., Pautet L., Generalized mixed-criticality static scheduling for periodic directed acyclic graphs on multi-core processors, IEEE Trans. Comput. 70 (3) (2020) 457–470.

[20]

Fadlelseed S., Kirner R., Menon C., ATMP-CA: OPtimising mixed-criticality systems considering criticality arithmetic, Electronics 10 (11) (2021) 1352.

[21]

Pautet L., Robert T., Tardieu S., Litmus-RT plugins for global static scheduling of mixed criticality systems, J. Syst. Archit. 118 (2021).

[22]

Zeng L., Xu C., Li R., Partition and scheduling of the mixed-criticality tasks based on probability, IEEE Access 7 (2019) 87837–87848.

[23]

Xu H., Burns A., A semi-partitioned model for mixed criticality systems, J. Syst. Softw. 150 (2019) 51–63.

[24]

Guo Z., Vaidhun S., Satinelli L., Arefin S., Wang J., Yang K., Mixed-criticality scheduling upon permitted failure probability and dynamic priority, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. (2021).

[25]

Draskovic S., Ahmed R., Huang P., Thiele L., Schedulability of probabilistic mixed-criticality systems, Real-Time Syst. (2021) 1–46.

[26]

Bhuiyan A., Yang K., Arefin S., Saifullah A., Guan N., Guo Z., Mixed-criticality real-time scheduling of gang task systems, Real-Time Syst. (2021) 1–34.

[27]

Mahdiani M., Masrur A., A novel view on bounding execution demand under mixed-criticality EDF, Real-Time Syst. 57 (1) (2021) 55–94.

[28]

Chwa H.S., Baek H., Lee J., Necessary feasibility analysis for mixed-criticality real-time embedded systems, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 33 (7) (2022) 1520–1537.

[29]

Yang C., Wang H., Zhang J., Zuo L., Semi-partitioned scheduling of mixed-criticality system on multiprocessor platforms, J. Supercomput. (2021) 1–25.

[30]

Su H., Zhu D., An elastic mixed-criticality task model and its scheduling algorithm, in: 2013 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), IEEE, 2013, pp. 147–152.

[31]

Su H., Zhu a.S.B., ”An elastic mixed-criticality task model and early-release EDF scheduling algorithms, ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst. 22 (2) (2016) 1–25.

[32]

Baruah S., Burns A., Guo Z., Scheduling mixed-criticality systems to guarantee some service under all non-erroneous behaviors, in: 2016 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), IEEE, 2016, pp. 131–138.

[33]

Liu D., Guan N., Spasic J., Chen G., Liu S., Stefanov T., Yi W., Scheduling analysis of imprecise mixed-criticality real-time tasks, IEEE Trans. Comput. 67 (7) (2018) 975–991.

[34]

L. Huang, I.-H. Hou, S.S. Sapatnekar, J. Hu, Graceful degradation of low-criticality tasks in multiprocessor dual-criticality systems, in: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, 2018, pp. 159–169.

[35]

Chen G., Guan N., Liu D., He Q., Huang K., Stefanov T., Yi W., Utilization-based scheduling of flexible mixed-criticality real-time tasks, IEEE Trans. Comput. 67 (4) (2018) 543–558.

[36]

Chen G., Guan N., Hu B., Yi W., EDF-VD Scheduling of flexible mixed-criticality system with multiple-shot transitions, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 37 (11) (2018) 2393–2403.

[37]

Yang J., Xu G., Chen G., Guan N., Huang K., Efficient runtime slack management for EDF-VD-based mixed-criticality scheduling, J. Syst. Archit. 117 (2021).

Digital Library

[38]

Dong X., Chen G., Lv M., Pang W., Yi W., Flexible mixed-criticality scheduling with dynamic slack management, J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 30 (10) (2021).

[39]

Lee J., Lee J., MC-FLEX: FLexible mixed-criticality real-time scheduling by task-level mode switch, IEEE Trans. Comput. (2021).

[40]

A. Bhuiyan, S. Sruti, Z. Guo, K. Yang, Precise scheduling of mixed-criticality tasks by varying processor speed, in: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, 2019, pp. 123–132.

[41]

Yang K., Bhuiyan A., Guo Z., F2VD: Fluid rates to virtual deadlines for precise mixed-criticality scheduling on a varying-speed processor, in: 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD), IEEE, 2020, pp. 1–9.

[42]

She T., Guo Z., Gu Q., Yang K., Reserving processors by precise scheduling of mixed-criticality tasks, in: 2021 IEEE 27th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA), IEEE, 2021, pp. 103–108.

[43]

Zhang Y.-W., System level fixed priority energy management algorithm for embedded real time application, Microprocess. Microsyst. 64 (2019) 170–177.

[44]

Zhang Y.-W., Zhang H.-Z., Wang C., Reliability-aware low energy scheduling in real time systems with shared resources, Microprocess. Microsyst. 52 (2017) 312–324.

[45]

Zhang Y.-W., Energy-aware fixed priority scheduling with shared resources in standby-sparing systems, Microprocess. Microsyst. 87 (2021).

[46]

Zhang Y.-W., Energy-aware fixed-priority scheduling for periodic tasks with shared resources and IO devices, Int. J. Embedd. Syst. 12 (2) (2020) 166–176.

[47]

Huang P., Kumar P., Giannopoulou G., Thiele L., Energy efficient DVFS scheduling for mixed-criticality systems, in: 2014 International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT), 2014, pp. 1–10.

[48]

Guo Z., Baruah S., Mixed-criticality scheduling upon non-monitored varying-speed processors, in: 2013 8th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES), IEEE, 2013, pp. 161–167.

[49]

Baruah S., Guo Z., Mixed-criticality scheduling upon varying-speed processors, in: 2013 IEEE 34th Real-Time Systems Symposium, IEEE, 2013, pp. 68–77.

[50]

Völp M., Hähnel M., Lackorzynski A., Has energy surpassed timeliness? Scheduling energy-constrained mixed-criticality systems, in: 2014 IEEE 19th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), IEEE, 2014, pp. 275–284.

[51]

Guo Z., Baruah S.K., Implementing mixed-criticality systems upon a preemptive varying-speed processor, Leibniz Trans. Embedd. Syst. 1 (2) (2014) 1-19.

[52]

Baruah S., Guo Z., Scheduling mixed-criticality implicit-deadline sporadic task systems upon a varying-speed processor, in: 2014 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, IEEE, 2014, pp. 31–40.

[53]

Ali I., Seo J.-h., Hoon Kim K., A dynamic power-aware scheduling of mixed-criticality real-time systems, in: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, 2015, pp. 438–445.

[54]

Narayana S., Huang P., Giannopoulou G., Thiele L., Prasad R.V., Exploring energy saving for mixed-criticality systems on multi-cores, in: 2016 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), 2016, pp. 1–12.

[55]

Behera L., Bhaduri P., An energy-efficient time-triggered scheduling algorithm for mixed-criticality systems, Des. Autom. Embedded Syst. 24 (2) (2020) 79–109.

[56]

Wang Y., Ruan Y., Flexible mixed-criticality task scheduling and energy optimization, in: 2020 IEEE 4th Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC), Vol. 1, IEEE, 2020, pp. 602–606.

[57]

Zhang Y.-W., Energy-aware mixed-criticality sporadic task scheduling algorithm, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 40 (1) (2021) 78–86.

[58]

Burns A., Davis R., Mixed Criticality Systems-A Review, Department of Computer Science, University of York, 2013, pp. 1–69.

[59]

Wägemann P., Distler T., Janker H., Raffeck P., Sieh V., A kernel for energy-neutral real-time systems with mixed criticalities, in: 2016 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–12.

[60]

Bhuiyan A., Reghenzani F., Fornaciari W., Guo Z., Optimizing energy in non-preemptive mixed-criticality scheduling by exploiting probabilistic information, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 39 (11) (2020) 3906–3917.

[61]

Hu B., Cao Z., An efficient approach for adaptive online power management in mixed-criticality systems, in: 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA), IEEE, 2019, pp. 1494–1499.

[62]

Zhang Y.-W., Energy-aware non-preemptive scheduling of mixed-criticality real-time task systems, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. (2021),.

[63]

Zhang Y.-W., Cai N., Energy efficient EDF-VD-based mixed-criticality scheduling with shared resources, J. Syst. Archit. 119 (2021).

[64]

Zhang Y.-W., Energy aware algorithm based on actual utilization for periodic tasks in mixed-criticality real-time systems, Comput. Stand. Interfaces 79 (2022).

[65]

F. Broekaert, A. Fritsch, L. Sa, S. Tverdyshev, Towards power-efficient mixed-critical systems, in: Proc. of OSPERT, 2013, pp. 30–35.

[66]

Bilbao A., Yarza I., Montero J.L., Azkarate-askasua M., Gonzalez N., A railway safety and security concept for low-power mixed-criticality systems, in: 2017 IEEE 15th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), IEEE, 2017, pp. 59–64.

[67]

Fakih M., Lenz A., Azkarate-Askasua M., Coronel J., Crespo A., Davidmann S., Garcia J.C.D., Romero N.G., Grüttner K., Schreiner S., et al., SAFEPOWER Project: Architecture for safe and power-efficient mixed-criticality systems, Microprocess. Microsyst. 52 (2017) 89–105.

[68]

Legout V., Jan M., Pautet L., Mixed-criticality multiprocessor real-time systems: Energy consumption vs deadline misses, in: First Workshop on Real-Time Mixed Criticality Systems (ReTiMiCS), 2013, pp. 1–6.

[69]

Awan M.A., Masson D., Tovar E., Energy efficient mapping of mixed criticality applications on unrelated heterogeneous multicore platforms, in: 2016 11th IEEE Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–10.

[70]

Ranjbar B., Nguyen T.D.A., Ejlali A., Kumar A., Power-aware runtime scheduler for mixed-criticality systems on multicore platform, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 40 (10) (2021) 2009–2023,.

[71]

Zhang X., Zhan J., Jiang W., Ma Y., Jiang K., Design optimization of security-sensitive mixed-criticality real-time embedded systems, in: 1st Workshop on Real-Time Mixed Criticality Systems (ReTiMiCS), Citeseer, 2013, pp. 1–6.

[72]

Zhan J., Zhang X., Jiang W., Ma Y., Jiang K., Energy optimization of security-sensitive mixed-criticality applications for distributed real-time systems, J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 117 (2018) 115–126.

[73]

Xiang Y., Pasricha S., Mixed-criticality scheduling on heterogeneous multicore systems powered by energy harvesting, Integration 61 (2018) 114–124.

[74]

Sun R., Zhan J., Jiang W., Dong Q., Ye Y., Energy optimization of mixed-criticality distributed real-time embedded systems, J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 30 (05) (2021).

[75]

Reghenzani F., Massari G., Fornaciari W., A probabilistic approach to energy-constrained mixed-criticality systems, in: 2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–6.

[76]

El Sayed M.A., Saad E.S.M., Aly R.F., Habashy S.M., Energy-efficient task partitioning for real-time scheduling on multi-core platforms, Computers 10 (1) (2021) 10.

[77]

Jiang Z., Dai X., Dong P., Wei R., Yang D., Audsley N., Guan N., Towards an analysable, scalable, energy-efficient I/O virtualization for mixed-criticality systems, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. (2021).

[78]

Wu J., Wang J.-L., A real-time embedded platform for mixed energy-criticality systems, in: 2021 7th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI), IEEE, 2021, pp. 58–62.

[79]

Zhu D., Melhem R., Mossé D., The effects of energy management on reliability in real-time embedded systems, in: IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design, 2004. ICCAD-2004, IEEE, 2004, pp. 35–40.

[80]

Zhu D., Aydin H., Reliability-aware energy management for periodic real-time tasks, IEEE Trans. Comput. 58 (10) (2009) 1382–1397.

[81]

Ejlali A., Al-Hashimi B.M., Eles P., Low-energy standby-sparing for hard real-time systems, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 31 (3) (2012) 329–342.

[82]

Jiang W., Pan X., Jiang K., Wen L., Dong Q., Energy-aware design of stochastic applications with statistical deadline and reliability guarantees, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 38 (8) (2018) 1413–1426.

[83]

Zhao M., Liu D., Jiang X., Liu W., Xue G., Xie C., Yang Y., Guo Z., CASS: CRiticality-aware standby-sparing for real-time systems, J. Syst. Archit. 100 (2019).

[84]

Taherin A., Salehi M., Ejlali A., Reliability-aware energy management in mixed-criticality systems, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Comput. 3 (3) (2018) 195–208.

[85]

Cao K., Xu G., Zhou J., Chen M., Wei T., Li K., Lifetime-aware real-time task scheduling on fault-tolerant mixed-criticality embedded systems, Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 100 (2019) 165–175.

[86]

Safari S., Ansari M., Ershadi G., Hessabi S., On the scheduling of energy-aware fault-tolerant mixed-criticality multicore systems with service guarantee exploration, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 30 (10) (2019) 2338–2354.

[87]

Safari S., Hessabi S., Ershadi G., LESS-MICS: A Low energy standby-sparing scheme for mixed-criticality systems, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 39 (12) (2020) 4601–4610.

[88]

Bahrami F., Ranjbar B., Rohbani N., Ejlali A., PVMC: TAsk mapping and scheduling under process variation heterogeneity in mixed-criticality systems, IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. (2021).

[89]

Sobhani H., Safari S., Saber-Latibari J., Hessabi S., REALISM: REliability-aware energy management in multi-level mixed-criticality systems with service level degradation, J. Syst. Archit. 117 (2021).

[90]

Safari S., Khdr H., Gohari-Nazari P., Ansari M., Hessabi S., Henkel J., TherMa-MiCs: THermal-aware scheduling for fault-tolerant mixed-criticality systems, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 33 (7) (2021) 1678–1694.

[91]

Ranjbar B., Hosseinghorban A., Salehi M., Ejlali A., Kumar A., Towards the design of fault-tolerance-and peak-power-aware multi-core mixed-criticality systems, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. (2021).

[92]

Naghavi A., Safari S., Hessabi S., Tolerating permanent faults with low-energy overhead in multicore mixed-criticality systems, IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. (2021) 1.

[93]

Chai H., Zhang G., Sun J., Vajdi A., Hua J., Zhou J., A review of recent techniques in mixed-criticality systems, J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 28 (07) (2019).

[94]

Mittal S., A survey of techniques for improving energy efficiency in embedded computing systems, Int. J. Comput. Aided Eng. Technol. 6 (4) (2014) 440–459.

[95]

Bambagini M., Marinoni M., Aydin H., Buttazzo G., Energy-aware scheduling for real-time systems: A survey, ACM Trans. Embedd. Comput. Syst. (TECS) 15 (1) (2016) 1–34.

[96]

Gerards M.E., Hurink J.L., Hölzenspies P.K., A survey of offline algorithms for energy minimization under deadline constraints, J. Sched. 19 (1) (2016) 3–19.

[97]

Taherin A., Salehi M., Ejlali A., Stretch: Exploiting service level degradation for energy management in mixed-criticality systems, in: 2015 CSI Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Systems and Technologies (RTEST), IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–8.

[98]

Zhang Y.-W., Li H.-B., Energy aware mixed tasks scheduling in real-time systems, Sustain. Comput.-Inform. Syst. 23 (2019) 38–48.

[99]

Zhang Y.-W., Energy-aware mixed partitioning scheduling in standby-sparing systems, Comput. Stand. Interfaces 61 (1) (2019) 129–136.

[100]

Zhang Y.-W., Wang C., Liu J., Energy aware fixed priority scheduling for real time sporadic task with task synchronization, J. Syst. Archit. 83 (2018) 12–22.

[101]

Haque M.A., Aydin H., Zhu D., Energy-aware standby-sparing for fixed-priority real-time task sets, Sustain. Comput.: Inform. Syst. 6 (2015) 81–93.

[102]

Jejurikar R., Gupta R., Dynamic slack reclamation with procrastination scheduling in real-time embedded systems, in: Proceedings. 42nd Design Automation Conference, 2005, IEEE, 2005, pp. 111–116.

[103]

Li Z., Guo C., Hua X., Ren S., Reliability guaranteed energy minimization on mixed-criticality systems, J. Syst. Softw. 112 (2016) 1–10.

[104]

Haque M.A., Aydin H., Zhu D., On reliability management of energy-aware real-time systems through task replication, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 28 (3) (2017) 813–825.

Digital Library

[105]

Benini L., Bogliolo A., Paleologo G.A., De Micheli G., Policy optimization for dynamic power management, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 18 (6) (1999) 813–833.

[106]

Sruti S., Bhuiyan A.A., Guo Z., Work-in-progress: Precise scheduling of mixed-criticality tasks by varying processor speed, in: 2018 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), IEEE, 2018, pp. 173–176.

[107]

Zhang Y.-W., Gao Z.-G., Lin M.-W., Fixed priority mixed-criticality sporadic tasks energy-aware algorithm, J. Comput. Res. Dev. (2021) (in press).

[108]

Huang P., Yang H., Thiele L., On the scheduling of fault-tolerant mixed-criticality systems, in: 2014 51st ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), IEEE, 2014, pp. 1–6.

[109]

Thekkilakattil A., Dobrin R., Punnekkat S., Fault tolerant scheduling of mixed criticality real-time tasks under error bursts, Procedia Comput. Sci. 46 (2015) 1148–1155.

[110]

Chen G., Guan N., Huang K., Yi W., Fault-tolerant real-time tasks scheduling with dynamic fault handling, J. Syst. Archit. 102 (2020).

Digital Library

[111]

Pathan R.M., Real-time scheduling algorithm for safety-critical systems on faulty multicore environments, Real-Time Syst. 53 (1) (2017) 45–81.

Digital Library

[112]

Caplan J., Al-Bayati Z., Zeng H., Meyer B.H., Mapping and scheduling mixed-criticality systems with on-demand redundancy, IEEE Trans. Comput. 67 (4) (2017) 582–588.

[113]

Behera L., A fault-tolerant time-triggered scheduling algorithm of mixed-criticality systems, Computing (2021) 1–23.

[114]

S.S. Sahoo, A. Kumar, M. Decky, S.C. Wong, G.V. Merrett, Y. Zhao, J. Wang, X. Wang, A.K. Singh, Emergent design challenges for embedded systems and paths forward: mixed-criticality, energy, reliability and security perspectives, in: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis, 2021, pp. 1–10.

Cited By

Su RXu HJiang JZhao S(2024)Resource-Aware Task Allocation on Mixed-Criticality Systems: a Task-Splitting ApproachProceedings of the 15th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware10.1145/3671016.3671386(327-336)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3671016.3671386
Kaur SGhose MPathak APatole R(2024)A survey on mapping and scheduling techniques for 3D Network-on-chipJournal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103064147:COnline publication date: 17-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103064
Zhang YZheng HGu Z(2023)Energy-Aware Adaptive Mixed-Criticality Scheduling with Semi-Clairvoyance and Graceful DegradationACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/363274923:1(1-20)Online publication date: 13-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3632749
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

A survey of energy-aware scheduling in mixed-criticality systems

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

Recommendations

Energy aware fixed priority scheduling in mixed-criticality systems
Abstract
Most of studies about energy management for MC systems are based on dynamic priority scheme. The disadvantages of dynamic priority scheme are high system overhead and poor predictability. Unlike previous studies, we focus on the ...
Highlights
- Energy aware fixed priority scheduling in mixed-criticality systems is considered.
Time-Triggered Scheduling of Mixed-Criticality Systems

Real-time and embedded systems are moving from the traditional design paradigm to integration of multiple functionalities onto a single computing platform. Some of the functionalities are safety critical and subject to certification. The rest of the ...
Reliability-Aware Energy Management for Embedded Real-Time Systems with (m, k)-Hard Timing Constraint

While energy consumption and Quality of Service (QoS) are primary concerns for the design of embedded systems, reliability requirement has become increasingly important in the development of today's pervasive computing systems. In this paper, we present ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal

Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal Volume 127, Issue C

Jun 2022

198 pages

ISSN:1383-7621

Issue’s Table of Contents

Elsevier B.V.

Publisher

Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.

United States

Publication History

Published: 01 June 2022

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Review-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

4
Total Citations
View Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 06 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Su RXu HJiang JZhao S(2024)Resource-Aware Task Allocation on Mixed-Criticality Systems: a Task-Splitting ApproachProceedings of the 15th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware10.1145/3671016.3671386(327-336)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3671016.3671386
Kaur SGhose MPathak APatole R(2024)A survey on mapping and scheduling techniques for 3D Network-on-chipJournal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103064147:COnline publication date: 17-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103064
Zhang YZheng HGu Z(2023)Energy-Aware Adaptive Mixed-Criticality Scheduling with Semi-Clairvoyance and Graceful DegradationACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/363274923:1(1-20)Online publication date: 13-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3632749
Reghenzani FGuo ZFornaciari W(2023)Software Fault Tolerance in Real-Time Systems: Identifying the Future Research QuestionsACM Computing Surveys10.1145/358995055:14s(1-30)Online publication date: 30-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3589950

View Options

View options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents