research-article

Engineering and Analysis of Fixed Priority Schedulers

Authors:

J. K. StrosniderAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Volume 19, Issue 9

Pages 920 - 934

https://doi.org/10.1109/32.241774

Published: 01 September 1993 Publication History

Abstract

Scheduling theory holds great promise as a means to a priori validate timing correctness of real-time applications. However, there currently exists a wide gap between scheduling theory and its implementation in operating system kernels running on specific hardware platforms. The implementation of any particular scheduling algorithm introduces overhead and blocking components which must be accounted for in the timing correctness validation process. This paper presents a methodology for incorporating the costs of scheduler implementation within the context of fixed priority scheduling algorithms. Both event-driven and timer-driven scheduling implementations are analyzed. We show that for the timer-driven scheduling implementations the selection of the timer interrupt rate can dramatically affect the schedulability of a task set, and we present a method for determining the optimal timer rate. We analyzed both randomly generated and two well-defined task sets and found that their schedulability can be significantly degraded by the implementation costs. Task sets that have ideal breakdown utilization over 90% may not even be schedulable when the implementation costs are considered. This work provides a first step toward bridging the gap between real-time scheduling theory and implementation realities. This gap must be bridged for any meaningful validation of timing correctness properties of real-time applications.

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Cited By

Goossens JMasson D(2022)Simulation intervals for uniprocessor real-time schedulers with preemption delayProceedings of the 30th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/3534879.3534887(36-45)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3534879.3534887
Davis RAltmeyer SReineke J(2018)Response-time analysis for fixed-priority systems with a write-back cacheReal-Time Systems10.5555/3288651.328873554:4(912-963)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3288651.3288735
Davis RAltmeyer SReineke JPlantec ASinghoff FFaucou SPinho L(2016)Analysis of Write-back Caches under Fixed-priority Preemptive and Non-preemptive SchedulingProceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/2997465.2997476(309-318)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2997465.2997476
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Published In

cover image IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume 19, Issue 9

September 1993

96 pages

ISSN:0098-5589

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Copyright © Copyright © 1993 IEEE. All Rights Reserved.

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IEEE Press

Publication History

Published: 01 September 1993

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Cited By

Goossens JMasson D(2022)Simulation intervals for uniprocessor real-time schedulers with preemption delayProceedings of the 30th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/3534879.3534887(36-45)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3534879.3534887
Davis RAltmeyer SReineke J(2018)Response-time analysis for fixed-priority systems with a write-back cacheReal-Time Systems10.5555/3288651.328873554:4(912-963)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3288651.3288735
Davis RAltmeyer SReineke JPlantec ASinghoff FFaucou SPinho L(2016)Analysis of Write-back Caches under Fixed-priority Preemptive and Non-preemptive SchedulingProceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems10.1145/2997465.2997476(309-318)Online publication date: 19-Oct-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2997465.2997476
Davis RCucu-Grosjean LBertogna MBurns A(2016)A review of priority assignment in real-time systemsJournal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal10.1016/j.sysarc.2016.04.00265:C(64-82)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.sysarc.2016.04.002
Qureshi MAlrashed SMin-Allah NKołodziej JArabas P(2015)Maintaining The Feasibility Of Hard Real-Time Systems With A Reduced Number Of Priority LevelsInternational Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science10.1515/amcs-2015-005125:4(709-722)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1515/amcs-2015-0051
Zhang YGuo R(2014)Power-aware fixed priority scheduling for sporadic tasks in hard real-time systemsJournal of Systems and Software10.5555/2747013.274713690:C(128-137)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2014
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/2747013.2747136
Zhang FBurns ABaruah S(2011)Sensitivity analysis of arbitrary deadline real-time systems with EDF schedulingReal-Time Systems10.1007/s11241-011-9124-y47:3(224-252)Online publication date: 1-May-2011
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11241-011-9124-y
Dodiu EGaitan VGraur A(2010)Improving commercial RTOS performance using a custom interrupt management scheduling policyProceedings of the 2010 international conference on Applied computing conference10.5555/1950153.1950163(61-66)Online publication date: 21-Oct-2010
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1950153.1950163
Dorin FRichard PRichard MGoossens J(2010)Schedulability and sensitivity analysis of multiple criticality tasks with fixed-prioritiesReal-Time Systems10.1007/s11241-010-9107-446:3(305-331)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2010
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11241-010-9107-4
Park MYoo HChae JKim WChoi HWon D(2009)Analysis on quantum-based fixed priority scheduling of real-time tasksProceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication10.1145/1516241.1516351(627-634)Online publication date: 15-Feb-2009
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1516241.1516351
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