research-article

Extensions to SQL for Historical Databases

Author:

N. L. SardaAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 2

Pages 220 - 230

https://doi.org/10.1109/69.54721

Published: 01 June 1990 Publication History

Abstract

A historical management system (HDBMS) is described which uses an extended relational data model with state-oriented, instead of 'cubic', conceptualization. Two types of historical relations, called state and event relations, are provided for modeling real-world objects. The query language SQL has been extended for definition, retrieval, and update of historical relations. The extended SQL, called HSQL, is a superset of SQL. The author defines a few primitive algebra operations for historical relations, and uses them as a basis for extensions to SQL. In this way, HSQL retains the elegant structural and algebraic framework of SQL. HSQL contains a few new clauses, many operations and built-in functions on time domain, and facilities for retrospective updates and time-rollback.

References

[1]

{1} G. Ariav, "A temporal oriented data model," ACM Trans. Database Syst., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 499-527, Dec. 1986.]]

Digital Library

[2]

{2} A. Bolour, T. L. Anderson, L. J. Dekeyser, and H. K. T. Wong, "The role of time in information processing: A survey," SIGMOD Rec., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 27-50, Apr. 1982.]]

Digital Library

[3]

{3} D. D. Chamberlain et al., "SEQUEL 2: A unified approach to data definition, manipulation and control," IBM J. Res. Develop., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 560-575, 1976.]]

Digital Library

[4]

{4} J. Clifford and D. S. Warren, "Formal semantics for time in databases," ACM Trans. Database Syst., vol. 6. no. 2, pp. 214-254, 1983.]]

Digital Library

[5]

{5} J. Clifford and A. V. Tansel, "On an algebra for historical relational databases: Two views," in Proc. ACM SIGMOD, 1985, pp. 247- 265.]]

Digital Library

[6]

{6} C. J. Date, A Guide to the SQL Standard. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1987.]]

Digital Library

[7]

{7} S. B. Navathe and R. Ahmed, "A temporal relational model and query language," Int. J. Inform. Sci., Sept. 1988.]]

Digital Library

[8]

{8} N. L. Sarda, "Modelling of time and history data in database systems," in Proc. CIPS Congress '87, May 1987, pp. 15-20.]]

[9]

{9} N. L. Sarda, "Algebra and query language for a historical data model," Comput. J., to be published.]]

Digital Library

[10]

{10} N. L. Sarda, "Design of a historical database management system." Comput. J., submitted for publication.]]

[11]

{11} N. L. Sarda, "An algorithm for time-rollback on historical relations," Tech. Rep., May 1988.]]

[12]

{12} Y. Shoham, Reasoning About Change: Time and Causation from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.]]

Digital Library

[13]

{13} R. Snodgrass, Ed., "Research concerning time in databases: Project summaries," SIGMOD Rec., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 19-39, Dec. 1986.]]

[14]

{14} R. Snodgrass and I. Ahn, "Temporal databases," IEEE Comput. Mag., pp. 35-42, Sept. 1986.]]

Digital Library

[15]

{15} R. Snodgrass, "The temporal query language TQuel," ACM Trans. Database Syst., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 247-298, June 1987.]]

Digital Library

[16]

{16} R. Snodgrass, S. Gomez, and E. McKenzie, "Aggregates in the temporal query language TQuel," TEMPIS Document 16, Univ. of North Carolina, July 27, 1987.]]

[17]

{17} E. McKenzie and R. Snodgrass, "An evaluation of historical algebras," TR87-020, Univ. of North Carolina, Oct. 1987.]]

[18]

{18} J. D. Ullman, Principles of Database Systems. Rockville, MD: Computer Science Press, 1984.]]

Digital Library

[19]

{19} S. T. March and D. G. Severance, "Determination of efficient record segmentation and blocking factors for shared data files," ACM Trans. Database Syst., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 279-296, 1977.]]

Digital Library

[20]

{20} C. J. Date, "`Defining data types in a database language (Alternative Title: A proposal for adding date and time support to SQL)," SIGMOD Rec., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 53-76, June 1988.]]

Digital Library

Cited By

Charfi MGripay YPetit JDesai BToyama MBernardino J(2016)Optimization of a Class of Temporal QueriesProceedings of the 20th International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium10.1145/2938503.2938514(346-351)Online publication date: 11-Jul-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2938503.2938514
Date CDarwen HLorentzos N(2014)Time and Relational Theory, Second EditionundefinedOnline publication date: 30-Jul-2014
Lu WMiklau GImmerman N(2013)Auditing a database under retention policiesThe VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases10.1007/s00778-012-0282-x22:2(203-228)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s00778-012-0282-x
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Extensions to SQL for Historical Databases
1. Information systems
  1. Data management systems
    1. Database design and models
    2. Query languages
2. Theory of computation
  1. Theory and algorithms for application domains
    1. Database theory
      1. Database query languages (principles)

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

Recommendations

An extension of SQL to support ordered domains in relational databases
IDEAS '97: Proceedings of the 1997 International Symposium on Database Engineering & Applications

The ordered relational model is an extension of the relational model which incorporates partial orderings into data domains. We demonstrate that the ordered relational model is suitable for modelling advanced applications involving tree-structured ...
On Workload Characterization of Relational Database Environments

A relational database workload analyzer (REDWAR) is developed to characterize the workload in a DB2 environment. This is applied to study a production DB2 system where a structured query language (SQL) trace for a two-hour interval and an image copy of ...
Path Expressions in SQL: A User Study on Query Formulation

This article focuses on testing a path-oriented querying approach to hierarchical data in relational databases. The authors execute a user study to compare the path-oriented approach and traditional SQL from two perspectives: correctness of queries and ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering Volume 2, Issue 2

June 1990

94 pages

ISSN:1041-4347

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © Copyright © 1990 IEEE. All Rights Reserved.

Publisher

IEEE Educational Activities Department

United States

Publication History

Published: 01 June 1990

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

23
Total Citations
View Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 27 Jul 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Charfi MGripay YPetit JDesai BToyama MBernardino J(2016)Optimization of a Class of Temporal QueriesProceedings of the 20th International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium10.1145/2938503.2938514(346-351)Online publication date: 11-Jul-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2938503.2938514
Date CDarwen HLorentzos N(2014)Time and Relational Theory, Second EditionundefinedOnline publication date: 30-Jul-2014
Lu WMiklau GImmerman N(2013)Auditing a database under retention policiesThe VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases10.1007/s00778-012-0282-x22:2(203-228)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2013
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s00778-012-0282-x
Billiet CPons JMatthé TDe Tré GPons Capote O(2011)Bipolar fuzzy querying of temporal databasesProceedings of the 9th international conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems10.1007/978-3-642-24764-4_6(60-71)Online publication date: 26-Oct-2011
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-24764-4_6
Starner J(2007)Joins on interval data type columns in relational databasesJournal of Computing Sciences in Colleges10.5555/1229637.122967822:4(235-241)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2007
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1229637.1229678
Tansel AAtay C(2006)Nested bitemporal relational algebraProceedings of the 21st international conference on Computer and Information Sciences10.1007/11902140_66(622-633)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2006
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/11902140_66
Combi CPozzi G(2001)HMAP– A temporal data model managing intervals with different granularities and indeterminacy from natural language sentencesThe VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases10.5555/765503.7655059:4(294-311)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2001
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/765503.765505
Chomicki JToman DBöhlen M(2001)Querying ATSQL databases with temporal logicACM Transactions on Database Systems10.1145/383891.38389226:2(145-178)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2001
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/383891.383892
Wijsen J(1999)Temporal FDs on complex objectsACM Transactions on Database Systems10.1145/310701.31071524:1(127-176)Online publication date: 1-Mar-1999
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/310701.310715
Sunderraman RCheatham TPettey CDowdy LYoo J(1997)A temporal deductive database modelProceedings of the 35th Annual Southeast Regional Conference10.1145/2817460.2817533(290-297)Online publication date: 2-Apr-1997
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2817460.2817533
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents