research-article

When Internet of Things Meets Blockchain: Challenges in Distributed Consensus

Authors:

Bin Cao,

Mugen PengAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Network, Volume 33, Issue 6

Pages 133 - 139

https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2019.1900002

Published: 01 November 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Blockchain has been regarded as a promising technology for IoT, since it provides significant solutions for decentralized networks that can address trust and security concerns, high maintenance cost problems, and so on. The decentralization provided by blockchain can be largely attributed to the use of a consensus mechanism, which enables peer-to-peer trading in a distributed manner without the involvement of any third party. This article starts by introducing the basic concept of blockchain and illustrating why a consensus mechanism plays an indispensable role in a blockchain enabled IoT system. Then we discuss the main ideas of two famous consensus mechanisms, PoW and PoS, and list their limitations in IoT. Next, two mainstream DAG based consensus mechanisms, the Tangle and Hashgraph, are reviewed to show why DAG consensus is more suitable for IoT system than PoW and PoS. Potential issues and challenges of DAG based consensus mechanisms to be addressed in the future are discussed in the last section.

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Liu WCao BPeng MLi B(2025)Distributed and Parallel Blockchain: Towards a Multi-Chain System With Enhanced SecurityIEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing10.1109/TDSC.2024.341753122:1(723-739)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2025
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TDSC.2024.3417531
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Laghari ALi HShoulin YKarim SKhan AIbrar M(2024)Blockchain applications for Internet of Things (IoT)Multiagent and Grid Systems10.3233/MGS-23007419:4(363-379)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2024
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When Internet of Things Meets Blockchain: Challenges in Distributed Consensus

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cover image IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking

IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking Volume 33, Issue 6

Nov.-Dec. 2019

201 pages

ISSN:0890-8044

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IEEE Press

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Published: 01 November 2019

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Liu WCao BPeng MLi B(2025)Distributed and Parallel Blockchain: Towards a Multi-Chain System With Enhanced SecurityIEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing10.1109/TDSC.2024.341753122:1(723-739)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2025
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TDSC.2024.3417531
Wang YZhao X(2025)IG-PGFT: A secure and efficient intelligent grouping PBFT consensus algorithm for the Industrial Internet of ThingsCluster Computing10.1007/s10586-024-04791-y28:2Online publication date: 1-Apr-2025
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10586-024-04791-y
Laghari ALi HShoulin YKarim SKhan AIbrar M(2024)Blockchain applications for Internet of Things (IoT)Multiagent and Grid Systems10.3233/MGS-23007419:4(363-379)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2024
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Du YWang ZLi JShi LJayakody DChen QChen WHan Z(2023)Blockchain-Aided Edge Computing Market: Smart Contract and Consensus MechanismsIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2021.314008022:6(3193-3208)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2023
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