article

Internet-scale IPv4 alias resolution with MIDAR

Authors:

Matthew Luckie,

Kim ClaffyAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), Volume 21, Issue 2

Pages 383 - 399

https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2012.2198887

Published: 01 April 2013 Publication History

Abstract

A critical step in creating accurate Internet topology maps from traceroute data is mapping IP addresses to routers, a process known as alias resolution. Recent work in alias resolution inferred aliases based on similarities in IP ID time series produced by different IP addresses. We design, implement, and experiment with a new tool that builds on these insights to scale to Internet-scale topologies, i.e., millions of addresses, with greater precision and sensitivity. MIDAR, our Monotonic ID-Based Alias Resolution tool, provides an extremely precise ID comparison test based on monotonicity rather than proximity. MIDAR integrates multiple probing methods, multiple vantage points, and a novel sliding-window probe scheduling algorithm to increase scalability to millions of IP addresses. Experiments show that MIDAR's approach is effective at minimizing the false positive rate sufficiently to achieve a high positive predictive value at Internet scale. We provide sample statistics from running MIDAR on over 2 million addresses. We also validate MIDAR and RadarGun against available ground truth and show that MIDAR's results are significantly better than RadarGun's. Tools such as MIDAR can enable longitudinal study of the Internet's topological evolution.

References

[1]

V. Jacobson, "Traceroute," 2000 [Online]. Available: ftp://ftp.ee.lbl. gov/traceroute.tar.gz

[2]

K. Claffy, T. Monk, and D. McRobb, "Internet tomography," Nature Web Matters, Jan. 1999 [Online]. Available: http://www.nature.com/ nature/webmatters/tomog/tomog.html

[3]

N. Spring, D. Wetherall, and T. Anderson, "Scriptroute: A public Internet measurement facility," in Proc. 4th USENIX Symp. Internet Technol. Syst., 2002, vol. 4, p. 17.

[4]

N. Spring, R. Mahajan, and D. Wetherall, "Measuring ISP topologies with Rocketfuel," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, 2002, pp. 133-145.

[5]

Y. Shavitt and E. Shir, "DIMES: Let the Internet measure itself," Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 71-74, Oct. 2005.

[6]

J.-J. Pansiot and D. Grad, "On routes and multicast trees in the Internet," Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 41-50, 1998.

[7]

M. H. Gunes and K. Sarac, "Importance of IP alias resolution in sampling Internet topologies," in Proc. IEEE Global Internet Symp., May 2007, pp. 19-24.

[8]

B. Huffaker, A. Dhamdhere, M. Fomenkov, and K. Claffy, "Toward topology dualism: Improving the accuracy of as annotations for routers," in Proc. PAM, Apr. 2010, pp. 101-110.

[9]

B. Huffaker, M. Fomenkov, and K. Claffy, "Geocompare: A comparison of public and commercial geolocation databases," in Proc. NMMC, May 2011 [Online]. Available: http://www.caida. org/publications/papers/2011/geocompare-tr/

[10]

K. Keys, "IP alias resolution techniques," 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2008/ alias_resolution_techreport/

[11]

R. Govindan and H. Tangmunarunkit, "Heuristics for Internet map discovery," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Mar. 2000, vol. 3, pp. 1371-1380.

[12]

K. Keys, "iffinder tool," 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.caida. org/tools/measurement/iffinder/

[13]

N. Spring, M. Dontcheva, M. Rodrig, and D. Wetherall, "How to resolve IP aliases," 2004.

[14]

M. H. Gunes and K. Sarac, "Analytical IP alias resolution," in Proc. IEEE ICC, Jun. 2006, vol. 1, pp. 459-464.

[15]

M.H. Gunes and K. Sarac, "Resolving IP aliases in building traceroute-based Internet maps," 2006.

[16]

R. Sherwood, A. Bender, and N. Spring, "Discarte: A disjunctive Internet cartographer," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, 2008, pp. 303-314.

[17]

A. Bender, R. Sherwood, and N. Spring, "Fixing Ally's growing pains with velocity modelling," in Proc. IMC, 2008, pp. 337-342.

[18]

J. Sherry, E. Katz-Bassett, M. Pimenova, H. V. Madhyastha, A. Krishnamurthy, and T. Anderson, "Resolving IP aliases with prespecified timestamps," in Proc. IMC, 2010, pp. 172-178.

[19]

P. Mérindol, B. Donnet, J. Pansiot, M. Luckie, and Y. Hyun, "MERLIN: MEasure the Router Level of the INternet," in Proc. Conf. Next Generation Internet, Jun. 2011, pp. 85-92.

[20]

J.-J. Pansiot, P. Mérindol, B. Donnet, and O. Bonaventure, "Extracting intra-domain topology frommrinfo probing," in Proc. PAM, Apr. 2010, pp. 81-90.

[21]

Y. Hyun, "Archipelago measurement infrastructure," 2012 [Online]. Available: http://www.caida.org/projects/ark/

[22]

"Scriptroute source code," 2007 [Online]. Available: http://www.scriptroute. org/source/scriptroute-0.4.8.tar.gz

[23]

R. Elz and R. Bush, "Serial number arithmetic," RFC 1982, 1996.

[24]

"RadarGun source code," [Online]. Available: http://www.cs.umd.edu/ ~bender/radargun/radargun-0.3.tgz

[25]

B. Augustin, X. Cuvellier, B. Orgogozo, F. Viger, T. Friedman, and M. Latapy, "Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute," in Proc. IMC, Oct. 2006, pp. 153-158.

[26]

J. Aweya, "IP router architectures: an overview," Int. J. Commun. Syst., pp. 447-475, 2001.

[27]

Cisco, San Jose, CA, "Cisco IOS release 12.0 network protocols command reference," 1992 [Online]. Available: http://www. cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_0/np1/command/reference/1rip. html#wp1028904

[28]

D. Veitch, J. Ridoux, and S. B. Korada, "Robust synchronization of absolute and difference clocks over networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 417-430, Apr. 2009.

[29]

J. Ridoux and D. Veitch, "Principles of robust timing over the Internet," Commun. ACM, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 54-61, May 2010.

[30]

CAIDA, San Diego, CA, "The IPv4 routed /24 topology dataset," 2011 [Online]. Available: http://www.caida.org/data/active/ ipv4_routed_24_topology_dataset.xml

[31]

"CaNET," 2011 [Online]. Available: https://amidala.canet4.net/cgibin/reports.pl

[32]

D. Newcomb, Private Communication. 2011, CENIC, La Mirada, CA.

[33]

GÉANT, Cambridge, U.K., "GÉANT tools portal," [Online]. Available: http://stats.geant2.net/lg/

[34]

"I-Light router proxy," 2011 [Online]. Available: http://routerproxy. grnoc.iu.edu/ilight/

[35]

"Internet2 router proxy," 2011 [Online]. Available: http://routerproxy. grnoc.iu.edu/internet2/

[36]

"NLR router proxy," 2011 [Online]. Available: http:// routerproxy.grnoc.iu.edu/nlr/

[37]

CAIDA, San Diego, CA, "Macroscopic Internet topology data kit (ITDK)," 2011 [Online]. Available: http://www.caida.org/ data/active/internet-topology-data-kit/

[38]

CAIDA, San Diego, CA, "MIDAR," 2011 [Online]. Available: http:// www.caida.org/tools/measurement/midar/

Cited By

Carisimo EWang CWeaver MBustamante FBarford P(2023)A Hop Away from Everywhere: A View of the Intercontinental Long-haul InfrastructureProceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems10.1145/36267787:3(1-26)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626778
Ramanathan AAbdu Jyothi S(2023)Nautilus: A Framework for Cross-Layer Cartography of Submarine Cables and IP LinksProceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems10.1145/36267777:3(1-34)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626777
Albakour TGasser OSmaragdakis GMontpetit MLeivadeas AUhlig SJaved M(2023)Pushing Alias Resolution to the LimitProceedings of the 2023 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3618257.3624840(584-590)Online publication date: 24-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3618257.3624840
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Internet-scale IPv4 alias resolution with MIDAR

Recommendations

Fixing ally's growing pains with velocity modeling
IMC '08: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement

Mapping the router topology is an important component of Internet measurement. Alias resolution, the process of mapping IP addresses to routers, is critical to accurate Internet mapping. Ally, a popular alias resolution tool, was developed to resolve ...
Internet-scale IP alias resolution techniques

The well-known traceroute probing method discovers links between interfaces on Internet routers. IP alias resolution, the process of identifying IP addresses belonging to the same router, is a critical step in producing Internet topology maps. We ...
Resolving IP aliases in building traceroute-based internet maps

Alias resolution, the task of identifying IP addresses belonging to the same router, is an important step in building traceroute-based Internet topology maps. Inaccuracies in alias resolution affect the representativeness of constructed topology maps. ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking Volume 21, Issue 2

April 2013

333 pages

ISSN:1063-6692

Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

IEEE Press

Publication History

Published: 01 April 2013

Accepted: 01 May 2012

Revised: 01 December 2011

Received: 02 June 2011

Published in TON Volume 21, Issue 2

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

39
Total Citations
View Citations
225
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)4
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

Reflects downloads up to 12 Aug 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Carisimo EWang CWeaver MBustamante FBarford P(2023)A Hop Away from Everywhere: A View of the Intercontinental Long-haul InfrastructureProceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems10.1145/36267787:3(1-26)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626778
Ramanathan AAbdu Jyothi S(2023)Nautilus: A Framework for Cross-Layer Cartography of Submarine Cables and IP LinksProceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems10.1145/36267777:3(1-34)Online publication date: 7-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626777
Albakour TGasser OSmaragdakis GMontpetit MLeivadeas AUhlig SJaved M(2023)Pushing Alias Resolution to the LimitProceedings of the 2023 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3618257.3624840(584-590)Online publication date: 24-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3618257.3624840
Albakour TGasser OBeverly RSmaragdakis GMontpetit MLeivadeas AUhlig SJaved M(2023)Illuminating Router Vendor Diversity Within Providers and Along Network PathsProceedings of the 2023 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3618257.3624813(89-103)Online publication date: 24-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3618257.3624813
Hilal FGasser O(2023)Yarrpbox: Detecting Middleboxes at Internet-ScaleProceedings of the ACM on Networking10.1145/35952901:CoNEXT1(1-23)Online publication date: 5-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3595290
Piraux MNavarre LRybowski NBonaventure ODonnet BBarakat CPelsser CBenson TChoffnes D(2022)Revealing the evolution of a cloud provider through its network weather mapProceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3517745.3561462(298-304)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517745.3561462
Marechal EMérindol PDonnet B(2022)ISP Probing Reduction with Passive and Active Measurement10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_20(441-469)Online publication date: 28-Mar-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_20
Albakour TGasser OBeverly RSmaragdakis GLevin DMislove AAmann JLuckie M(2021)Third time's not a charmProceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3487552.3487848(150-164)Online publication date: 2-Nov-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3487552.3487848
Zhang ZMarder AMok RHuffaker BLuckie MClaffy KSchulman ALevin DMislove AAmann JLuckie M(2021)Inferring regional access network topologiesProceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3487552.3487812(720-738)Online publication date: 2-Nov-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3487552.3487812
Luckie MHuffaker BMarder ABischof ZFletcher MClaffy KCarle GOtt J(2021)Learning to extract geographic information from internet router hostnamesProceedings of the 17th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies10.1145/3485983.3494869(440-453)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3485983.3494869
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents