research-article

Toolkit Design for Interactive Structured Graphics

Authors:

Benjamin B. Bederson,

Jesse Grosjean,

Jon MeyerAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Volume 30, Issue 8

Pages 535 - 546

https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2004.44

Published: 01 August 2004 Publication History

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze toolkit designs for building graphical applications with rich user interfaces, comparing polylithic and monolithic toolkit-based solutions. Polylithic toolkits encourage extension by composition and follow a design philosophy similar to 3D scene graphs supported by toolkits including Java3D and OpenInventor. Monolithic toolkits, on the other hand, encourage extension by inheritance, and are more akin to 2D Graphical User Interface toolkits such as Swing or MFC. We describe Jazz (a polylithic toolkit) and Piccolo (a monolithic toolkit), each of which we built to support interactive 2D structured graphics applications in general, and Zoomable User Interface applications in particular. We examine the trade offs of each approach in terms of performance, memory requirements, and programmability. We conclude that a polylithic approach is most suitable for toolkit builders, visual design software where code is automatically generated, and application builders where there is much customization of the toolkit. Correspondingly, we find that monolithic approaches appear to be best for application builders where there is not much customization of the toolkit.

References

[1]

3D Studio Max, http://www.3dmax.com, 2003.

[2]

Adobe SVG Viewer, http://www.adobe.com/svg/, 2003.

[3]

ECMA Script, http://www.ecma-international.org, 2003.

[4]

ILog, www.ilog.com, 2003.

[5]

Java3D, http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/3D/ 2003.

[6]

Macromedia Flash, http://www.macromedia.com/software/flash/, 2003.

[7]

SGI OpenInventor, http://www.sgi.com/software/inventor/, 2003.

[8]

SoftImage, http://www.softimage.com, 2003.

[9]

B.B. Bederson, “PhotoMesa: A Zoomable Image Browser Using Quantum Treemaps and Bubblemaps,” Proc. ACM Symp. User Interface Software and Technology, CHI Letters, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 71-80, 2001.

Digital Library

[10]

B.B. Bederson A. Clamage M.P. Czerwinski and G.G. Robertson, “DateLens: A Fisheye Calendar Interface for PDAs,” ACM Trans. Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 90-119, 2004.

Digital Library

[11]

B.B. Bederson and J.D. Hollan, “Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface for Exploring Alternate Interface Physics,” Proc. User Interface and Software Technology (UIST 94), pp. 17-26, 1994.

Digital Library

[12]

B.B. Bederson J.D. Hollan K. Perlin J. Meyer D. Bacon and G.W. Furnas, “Pad++: A Zoomable Graphical Sketchpad for Exploring Alternate Interface Physics,” J. Visual Languages and Computing, vol. 7, pp. 3-31, 1996.

[13]

B.B. Bederson and J. Meyer, “Implementing a Zooming User Interface: Experience Building Pad++,” Software: Practice and Experience, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1101-1135, 1998.

Digital Library

[14]

B.B. Bederson J. Meyer and L. Good, “Jazz: An Extensible Zoomable User Interface Graphics Toolkit in Java,” Proc. ACM Symp. User Interface Software and Technology, CHI Letters, vol. 2,no. 2, pp. 171-180, 2000.

Digital Library

[15]

B.B. Bederson and J.D. Hollan, “Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface System,” Proc. Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 95), 1995.

Digital Library

[16]

D. Fox, “Tabula Rasa: A Multi-Scale User Interface System,” doctoral dissertation, New York Univ., New York 1998.

Digital Library

[17]

G.W. Furnas, “Generalized Fisheye Views,” Proc. Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 86), pp. 16-23, 1986.

Digital Library

[18]

S.E. Hudson and J.T. Stasko, “Animation Support in a User Interface Toolkit,” Proc. Conf. User Interface and Software Technology (UIST 93), pp. 57-67, 1993.

Digital Library

[19]

J.K. Ousterhout, Tcl and the Tk Toolkit. Addison-Wesley, 1994.

Digital Library

[20]

B.E. Krasner and S.T. Pope, “A Description of the Model-View-Controller User Interface Paradigm in the Smalltalk-80 System,” J.nbspObject-Oriented Programming, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 26-49, 1988.

Digital Library

[21]

M.A. Linton J.M. Vlissides and P.R. Calder, “Composing User Interfaces With InterViews,” IEEE Software, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 8-22, 1989.

Digital Library

[22]

B.A. Myers R.G. McDaniel R.C. Miller A.S. Ferrency A. Faulring B.D. Kyle A. Mickish A. Klimovitski and P. Doane, “The Amulet Environment: New Models for Effective User Interface Software Development,” IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 23,no. 6, pp. 347-365, 1997.

Digital Library

[23]

K. Perlin and D. Fox, “Pad: An Alternative Approach to the Computer Interface,” Proc. Computer Graphics Conf. (SIGGRAPH), pp. 57-64, 1993.

Digital Library

[24]

K. Perlin and J. Meyer, “Nested User Interface Components,” Proc. ACM Symp. User Interface Software and Technology, CHI Letters, vol. 1,no. 1, pp. 11-18, 1999.

Digital Library

[25]

S. Pook E. Lecolinet G. Vaysseix and E. Barillot, “Context and Interaction in Zoomable User Interfaces,” Proc. Conf. Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI 2000), pp. 227-231, 2000.

Digital Library

[26]

J. Raskin, The Humane Interface. Addison Wesley, 2000.

[27]

R.B. Smith J. Maloney and D. Ungar, “The Self-4. 0 User Interface: Manifesting a System-Wide Vision of Concreteness, Uniformity, and Flexibility,” Proc. Conf. Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 95), pp. 47-60, 1995.

Digital Library

[28]

M.C. Stone K. Fishkin and E.A. Bier, “The Movable Filter as a User Interface Tool,” Proc. Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 94), pp. 306-312, 1994.

Digital Library

[29]

S.H. Tang and M.A. Linton, “Blending Structured Graphics and Layout,” Proc. Conf. User Interface and Software Technology (UISTnbsp94), pp. 167-174, 1994.

Digital Library

[30]

D. Ungar and R.B. Smith, “Self: The Power of Simplicity,” Proc. Conf. Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (OOPSLA 87), pp. 227-241, 1987.

Digital Library

Cited By

Dominiak JWalczak AStefanidi EAdamkiewicz KGrudzień KNiess JWoźniak P(2024)ProtoBricks: A Research Toolkit for Tangible Prototyping & Data PhysicalizationProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661573(476-495)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3661573
Koziolek HHoernicke MStark K(2022)HawkEye-HMI-Generation: A Method to Synthesize Zoomable Process Automation User Interfaces2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921514(1-8)Online publication date: 6-Sep-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921514
Jiang L(2022)Visual design elements based on digital visualizationSoft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications10.1007/s00500-022-06811-826:16(7855-7863)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s00500-022-06811-8
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Toolkit Design for Interactive Structured Graphics
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction paradigms
      1. Graphical user interfaces
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software creation and management
    1. Software development techniques
      1. Object oriented development
  2. Software notations and tools
    1. Development frameworks and environments
      1. Object oriented frameworks

Recommendations

Jazz: an extensible zoomable user interface graphics toolkit in Java
UIST '00: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SwingStates: adding state machines to Java and the Swing toolkit

This article describes SwingStates, a Java toolkit designed to facilitate the development of graphical user interfaces and bring advanced interaction techniques to the Java platform. SwingStates is based on the use of finite-state machines specified ...
Blending structured graphics and layout
UIST '94: Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology

Conventional windowing environments provide separate classes of objects for user interface components, or “widgets,” and graphical objects. Widgets negotiate layout and can be resized as rectangles, while graphics may be shared, transformed, transparent,...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume 30, Issue 8

August 2004

72 pages

ISSN:0098-5589

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2004.

Publisher

IEEE Press

Publication History

Published: 01 August 2004

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

96
Total Citations
View Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 30 Aug 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Dominiak JWalczak AStefanidi EAdamkiewicz KGrudzień KNiess JWoźniak P(2024)ProtoBricks: A Research Toolkit for Tangible Prototyping & Data PhysicalizationProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661573(476-495)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3661573
Koziolek HHoernicke MStark K(2022)HawkEye-HMI-Generation: A Method to Synthesize Zoomable Process Automation User Interfaces2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921514(1-8)Online publication date: 6-Sep-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/ETFA52439.2022.9921514
Jiang L(2022)Visual design elements based on digital visualizationSoft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications10.1007/s00500-022-06811-826:16(7855-7863)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s00500-022-06811-8
Raffaillac THuot S(2019)PolyphonyProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/33311503:EICS(1-22)Online publication date: 13-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3331150
Tang NWu ELi GBoncz PManegold SAilamaki ADeshpande AKraska T(2019)Towards Democratizing Relational Data VisualizationProceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data10.1145/3299869.3314029(2025-2030)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3299869.3314029
Raffaillac THuot SKubicki SGirard PCalvary GLavoué E(2018)Applying the entity-component-system model to interaction programmingProceedings of the 30th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine10.1145/3286689.3286703(42-51)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3286689.3286703
Chappidi SBereg SBalakrishnan PMcMahan R(2018)Visualization of genome rearrangements using DCJ operationsProceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Interactive and Spatial Computing10.1145/3191801.3191808(15-22)Online publication date: 12-Apr-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3191801.3191808
Ledo DHouben SVermeulen JMarquardt NOehlberg LGreenberg SMandryk RHancock MPerry MCox A(2018)Evaluation Strategies for HCI Toolkit ResearchProceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3173574.3173610(1-17)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3173574.3173610
Francalanci CHussain A(2017)Influence-based Twitter browsing with NavigTweetInformation Systems10.1016/j.is.2016.07.01264:C(119-131)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.is.2016.07.012
Zhao ZBenjamin WElmqvist NRamani K(2015)SketcholutionInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.04.00382:C(11-20)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2015
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.04.003
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents