research-article

Evaluating the Performance of Hand-Based Probabilistic Text Input Methods on a Mid-Air Virtual Qwerty Keyboard

Authors:

John J. Dudley,

Per Ola KristenssonAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Volume 29, Issue 11

Pages 4567 - 4577

https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3320238

Published: 04 October 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Integrated hand-tracking on modern virtual reality (VR) headsets can be readily exploited to deliver mid-air virtual input surfaces for text entry. These virtual input surfaces can closely replicate the experience of typing on a Qwerty keyboard on a physical touchscreen, thereby allowing users to leverage their pre-existing typing skills. However, the lack of passive haptic feedback, unconstrained user motion, and potential tracking inaccuracies or observability issues encountered in this interaction setting typically degrades the accuracy of user articulations. We present a comprehensive exploration of error-tolerant probabilistic hand-based input methods to support effective text input on a mid-air virtual Qwerty keyboard. Over three user studies we examine the performance potential of hand-based text input under both gesture and touch typing paradigms. We demonstrate typical entry rates in the range of 20 to 30 wpm and average peak entry rates of 40 to 45 wpm.

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Cited By

Darbar RHu XYan XWei YLiang HXu WSarcar S(2024)OnArmQWERTY: An Empirical Evaluation of On-Arm Tap Typing for AR HMDsProceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction10.1145/3677386.3682084(1-12)Online publication date: 7-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677386.3682084
Richardson MBotros FShi YSnow BGuo PZhang LDong JVertanen KMa SWang R(2024)StegoType: Surface Typing from Egocentric CamerasAdjunct Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3672539.3686762(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3672539.3686762
Richardson MBotros FShi YGuo PSnow BZhang LDong JVertanen KMa SWang R(2024)StegoType: Surface Typing from Egocentric CamerasProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676343(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654777.3676343
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cover image IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Volume 29, Issue 11

Nov. 2023

465 pages

ISSN:1077-2626

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1077-2626 © 2023 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

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Published: 04 October 2023

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Cited By

Darbar RHu XYan XWei YLiang HXu WSarcar S(2024)OnArmQWERTY: An Empirical Evaluation of On-Arm Tap Typing for AR HMDsProceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction10.1145/3677386.3682084(1-12)Online publication date: 7-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677386.3682084
Richardson MBotros FShi YSnow BGuo PZhang LDong JVertanen KMa SWang R(2024)StegoType: Surface Typing from Egocentric CamerasAdjunct Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3672539.3686762(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3672539.3686762
Richardson MBotros FShi YGuo PSnow BZhang LDong JVertanen KMa SWang R(2024)StegoType: Surface Typing from Egocentric CamerasProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676343(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654777.3676343
Streli PRichardson MBotros FMa SWang RHolz C(2024)TouchInsight: Uncertainty-aware Rapid Touch and Text Input for Mixed Reality from Egocentric VisionProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676330(1-16)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654777.3676330

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