research-article

Limited Feedback Hybrid Precoding for Multi-User Millimeter Wave Systems

Authors:

Ahmed Alkhateeb,

Robert W. HeathAuthors Info & Claims

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume 14, Issue 11

Pages 6481 - 6494

https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2015.2455980

Published: 01 November 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Antenna arrays will be an important ingredient in millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems. A natural application of antenna arrays is simultaneous transmission to multiple users. Unfortunately, the hardware constraints in mmWave systems make it difficult to apply conventional lower frequency multiuser MIMO precoding techniques at mmWave. This paper develops low-complexity hybrid analog/digital precoding for downlink multiuser mmWave systems. Hybrid precoding involves a combination of analog and digital processing that is inspired by the power consumption of complete radio frequency and mixed signal hardware. The proposed algorithm configures hybrid precoders at the transmitter and analog combiners at multiple receivers with a small training and feedback overhead. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed in the large dimensional regime and in single-path channels. When the analog and digital precoding vectors are selected from quantized codebooks, the rate loss due to the joint quantization is characterized, and insights are given into the performance of hybrid precoding compared with analog-only beamforming solutions. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed techniques offer higher sum rates compared with analog-only beamforming solutions, and approach the performance of the unconstrained digital beamforming with relatively small codebooks.

References

[1]

Z. Pi and F. Khan, “ An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101– 107, Jun. 2011.

[2]

T. Bai, A. Alkhateeb, and R. Heath, “ Coverage and capacity of millimeter-wave cellular networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 70– 77, Sep. 2014.

[3]

T. Rappaport et al., “ Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!” IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335– 349, May 2013.

[4]

O. El Ayach, S. Rajagopal, S. Abu-Surra, Z. Pi, and R. Heath, “ Spatially sparse precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1499– 1513, Mar. 2014.

[5]

A. Alkhateeb, O. El Ayach, G. Leus, and R. Heath, “ Channel estimation and hybrid precoding for millimeter wave cellular systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal. Process., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 831– 846, Oct. 2014.

[6]

J. Murdock, E. Ben-Dor, Y. Qiao, J. Tamir, and T. Rappaport, “ A 38 GHz cellular outage study for an urban outdoor campus environment,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun Netw. Conf., Shanghai, China, Apr. 2012, pp. 3085– 3090.

[7]

B. Biglarbegian, M. Fakharzadeh, D. Busuioc, M. Nezhad-Ahmadi, and S. Safavi-Naeini, “ Optimized microstrip antenna arrays for emerging millimeter-wave wireless applications,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag., vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1742– 1747, May 2011.

[8]

J. Wang et al., “ Beam codebook based beamforming protocol for multi-Gbps millimeter-wave WPAN systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1390– 1399, Nov. 2009.

Digital Library

[9]

S. Hur et al., “ Millimeter wave beamforming for wireless backhaul and access in small cell networks,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 4391– 4403, Oct. 2013.

[10]

Y. Tsang, A. Poon, and S. Addepalli, “ Coding the beams: Improving beamforming training in mmWave communication system,” in Proc. Global Telecommun. Conf., Houston, TX, USA, Dec. 2011, pp. 1– 6.

[11]

A. Sayeed and V. Raghavan, “ Maximizing MIMO capacity in sparse multipath with reconfigurable antenna arrays,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 156– 166, Jun. 2007.

[12]

J. Brady, N. Behdad, and A. Sayeed, “ Beamspace MIMO for millimeter-wave communications: System architecture, modeling, analysis, and measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3814– 3827, Jul. 2013.

[13]

T. Nitsche et al., “ IEEE 802.11ad: Directional 60 GHz communication for multi-Gigabit-per-second Wi-F,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 132– 141, Dec. 2014.

[14]

T. Baykas et al., “ IEEE 802.15.3c: The first IEEE wireless standard for data rates over 1 Gb/s,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 114– 121, Jul. 2011.

[15]

C. Kim, T. Kim, and J.-Y. Seol, “ Multi-beam transmission diversity with hybrid beamforming for MIMO-OFDM systems,” in Proc. IEEE GC Wkshps, Atlanta, GA, USA, Dec. 2013, pp. 61– 65.

[16]

A. Alkhateeb, O. El Ayach, G. Leus, and R. Heath, “ Hybrid precoding for millimeter wave cellular systems with partial channel knowledge,” in Proc. Inf. Theory Appl. Workshop, Feb. 2013, pp. 1– 5.

[17]

X. Zhang, A. Molisch, and S. Kung, “ Variable-phase-shift-based RF-baseband codesign for MIMO antenna selection,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 4091– 4103, Nov. 2005.

Digital Library

[18]

V. Venkateswaran and A. van der Veen, “ Analog beamforming in MIMO communications with phase shift networks and online channel estimation,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 4131– 4143, Aug. 2010.

Digital Library

[19]

A. Adhikary, J. Nam, J.-Y. Ahn, and G. Caire, “ Joint spatial division and multiplexing: The large-scale array regime,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 6441– 6463, Oct. 2013.

Digital Library

[20]

P. Xia, S.-K. Yong, J. Oh, and C. Ngo, “ A practical SDMA protocol for 60 GHz millimeter wave communications,” in Proc. 42nd Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst. Comput., Pacific Grove, CA, USA, Oct. 2008, pp. 2019– 2023.

[21]

T. Rappaport et al., “ Broadband millimeter-wave propagation measurements and models using adaptive-beam antennas for outdoor urban cellular communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1850– 1859, Apr. 2013.

[22]

V. Raghavan and A. M. Sayeed, “ Multi-antenna capacity of sparse multipath channels,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 156– 166, Jun. 2008.

[23]

A. Sayeed, “ Deconstructing multiantenna fading channels,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 2563– 2579, Oct. 2002.

Digital Library

[24]

C.-B. Chae, D. Mazzarese, T. Inoue, and R. Heath, “ Coordinated beamforming for the multiuser MIMO broadcast channel with limited feedforward,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 6044– 6056, Dec. 2008.

Digital Library

[25]

C.-B. Chae, D. Mazzarese, N. Jindal, and R. Heath, “ Coordinated beamforming with limited feedback in the MIMO broadcast channel,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1505– 1515, Oct. 2008.

Digital Library

[26]

Q. H. Spencer, A. L. Swindlehurst, and M. Haardt, “ Zero-forcing methods for downlink spatial multiplexing in multiuser MIMO channels,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 461– 471, Feb. 2004.

Digital Library

[27]

F. Boccardi and H. Huang, “ A near-optimum technique using linear precoding for the MIMO broadcast channel,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech Signal Process., Apr. 2007, vol. 3, pp. III-17– III-20.

[28]

D. Love et al., “ An overview of limited feedback in wireless communication systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1341– 1365, Oct. 2008.

Digital Library

[29]

N. Jindal, “ Antenna combining for the MIMO downlink channel,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 3834– 3844, Oct. 2008.

Digital Library

[30]

M. Trivellato, H. Huang, and F. Boccardi, “ Antenna combining and codebook design for the MIMO broadcast channel with limited feedback,” in Proc. Conf. Rec. 41st ACSSC, Nov. 2007, pp. 302– 308.

[31]

P. Smith, C. Neil, M. Shafi, and P. Dmochowski, “ On the convergence of massive MIMO systems,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Commun., Jun. 2014, pp. 5191– 5196.

[32]

H. Yang and T. Marzetta, “ Performance of conjugate and zero-forcing beamforming in large-scale antenna systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 172– 179, Feb. 2013.

[33]

T. Yoo and A. Goldsmith, “ On the optimality of multiantenna broadcast scheduling using zero-forcing beamforming,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 528– 541, Mar. 2006.

Digital Library

[34]

N. Jindal, “ MIMO broadcast channels with finite-rate feedback,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 5045– 5060, Nov. 2006.

Digital Library

[35]

L. V. Kantorovich, “ Functional analysis and applied mathematics,” Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 89– 185, 1948.

[36]

Z. Bai and G. H. Golub, “ Bounds for the trace of the inverse and the determinant of symmetric positive definite matrices,” Ann. Numerical Math., vol. 4, pp. 29– 38, 1996.

[37]

Z. Hong, K. Liu, R. Heath, and A. Sayeed, “ Spatial multiplexing in correlated fading via the virtual channel representation,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 856– 866, Jun. 2003.

Digital Library

[38]

A. Sayeed and N. Behdad, “ Continuous aperture phased MIMO: Basic theory and applications,” in Proc. Allerton Conf. Commun. Control Comput., Sep. 2010, pp. 1196– 1203.

[39]

O. El Ayach, R. W. Heath, Jr., S. Abu-Surra, S. Rajagopal, and P. Zhouyue, “ The capacity optimality of beam steering in large millimeter wave MIMO systems,” in Proc. IEEE Workshop Signal Process. Adv. Wireless Commun., Cesme, Turkey, Jun. 2012, pp. 100– 104.

[40]

V. Raghavan and V. Veeravalli, “ On quantized multi-user beamforming in spatially correlated broadcast channels,” in Proc. IEEE ISIT, Jun. 2007, pp. 2041– 2045.

Cited By

Gómez-Cuba FPena-Sande MGamess E(2024)Successive Interference Cancellation Implementation for ns-3 MU-MIMO mmWave ModuleProceedings of the 2024 Workshop on ns-310.1145/3659111.3659117(45-53)Online publication date: 5-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659111.3659117
Im CLee C(2024)Low-Complexity Hybrid Beamforming for Multiuser Millimeter Wave Systems With Collaborative LearningIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2024.338798823:9_Part_2(12115-12125)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TWC.2024.3387988
Saqib NHou SChae SJeon S(2024)Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Hybrid Beamforming: Optimal Placement and Beamforming DesignIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2024.338744923:9_Part_2(12003-12019)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TWC.2024.3387449
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Limited Feedback Hybrid Precoding for Multi-User Millimeter Wave Systems
1. Mathematics of computing

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

Recommendations

Dynamic channel feedback control for limited-feedback multi-user MIMO systems
ICC'09: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications

Efficient channel feedback methods are becoming more important in limited-feedback multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems. We propose a new Dynamic channEl Feedback CONtrol (DEFCON) scheme, which efficiently allocates the limited ...
Multi-User Precoding and Channel Estimation for Hybrid Millimeter Wave Systems
In this paper, we develop a low-complexity channel estimation for hybrid millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, where the number of radio frequency (RF) chains is much less than the number of antennas equipped at each transceiver. The proposed mmWave channel ...
Low-complexity unitary preprocessing scheme for limited feedback multiuser MIMO systems
APCC'09: Proceedings of the 15th Asia-Pacific conference on Communications

In this paper, a practical downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) scheme with low-rate feedback channel is considered. Firstly, we propose a preferred-beam feedback method, which effectively conveys information of user channel and ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications Volume 14, Issue 11

Nov. 2015

619 pages

ISSN:1536-1276

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2015.

Publisher

IEEE Press

Publication History

Published: 01 November 2015

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

125
Total Citations
View Citations
0
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)0
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 12 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Gómez-Cuba FPena-Sande MGamess E(2024)Successive Interference Cancellation Implementation for ns-3 MU-MIMO mmWave ModuleProceedings of the 2024 Workshop on ns-310.1145/3659111.3659117(45-53)Online publication date: 5-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659111.3659117
Im CLee C(2024)Low-Complexity Hybrid Beamforming for Multiuser Millimeter Wave Systems With Collaborative LearningIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2024.338798823:9_Part_2(12115-12125)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TWC.2024.3387988
Saqib NHou SChae SJeon S(2024)Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Hybrid Beamforming: Optimal Placement and Beamforming DesignIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2024.338744923:9_Part_2(12003-12019)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TWC.2024.3387449
Zhou WZhang DDebbah MLee I(2024)Robust Precoding Designs for Multiuser MIMO Systems With Limited FeedbackIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2024.336376623:8_Part_2(9583-9595)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TWC.2024.3363766
Lin BLiu ALei MZhou H(2024)Low-Complexity Two-Timescale Hybrid Precoding for mmWave Massive MIMO: A Group-and-Codebook Based ApproachIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2023.333916123:7(7263-7277)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TWC.2023.3339161
Gautam PZhang LFan P(2024)Hybrid MMSE Precoding for Millimeter Wave MU-MISO via Trace MaximizationIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.1109/TWC.2023.329440223:3(1999-2010)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TWC.2023.3294402
He YTsai SPoor H(2024)Physical Beam Sharing for Communications With Multiple Low Earth Orbit SatellitesIEEE Transactions on Signal Processing10.1109/TSP.2024.340806172(2783-2798)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TSP.2024.3408061
Tan JLuan TGuan WWang YPeng HZhang YZhao DLu N(2024)Beam Alignment in mmWave V2X Communications: A SurveyIEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials10.1109/COMST.2024.338309326:3(1676-1709)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/COMST.2024.3383093
Zhao LLi JHuang SWu XJiang M(2024)Low-complexity hybrid precoding for sub-connected millimeter wave massive MIMO systemsSignal Processing10.1016/j.sigpro.2023.109381219:COnline publication date: 25-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.sigpro.2023.109381
Li GYue DJin S(2024)Performance analysis of multiple RISs aided multi-user mmWave MIMO systemsWireless Networks10.1007/s11276-023-03631-y30:3(1911-1924)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11276-023-03631-y
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents