Perceptive Mobile Networks for Standalone and Cooperative UAV Surveillance
Authors: 
Yue Zhang, Hangguan Shan, Hongbin Chen, Lin Cai, Zhiguo Shi, 
Tony Q. S. Quek, Li ShengAuthors Info & Claims
Yue Zhang, Hangguan Shan, Hongbin Chen, Lin Cai, Zhiguo Shi, Tony Q. S. Quek, Li ShengAuthors Info & ClaimsPages 19916 - 19932
Abstract
The next-generation wireless network is perceived to integrate with sensing capability and evolve into the perceptive mobile network (PMN), enabling massive sensing-intensive applications. However, the sensing function will affect the communication performance in cellular networks. To study the sensing and communication performance of PMNs and their interactions, this paper investigates a millimeter-wave PMN with dual-functional base stations (BSs) for simultaneous detection of unauthorized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and user communication via the unified transmit signal and beamforming. We develop a system-level theoretical framework to investigate the sensing and communication performance of PMNs based on stochastic geometry, which captures the mutual interference and resource contention between the two functions and builds a foundation for the optimization of network configurations. In addition, by leveraging the collaboration of multiple BSs in PMNs, we propose a cooperative sensing strategy combining the monostatic and bistatic sensing processes to enhance the reliability of UAV surveillance. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical framework and demonstrate the benefits of cooperative sensing in UAV detection and communication performance, as compared with the standalone sensing by individual BSs.
References
[1]
F. Liu et al., “Integrated sensing and communications: Toward dual-functional wireless networks for 6G and beyond,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1728–1767, Jun. 2022.
[2]
J. A. Zhang et al., “Enabling joint communication and radar sensing in mobile networks—A survey,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 306–345, 1st Quart., 2022.
[3]
F. Liu, C. Masouros, A. P. Petropulu, H. Griffiths, and L. Hanzo, “Joint radar and communication design: Applications, state-of-the-art, and the road ahead,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 3834–3862, Jun. 2020.
[4]
N. Cheng et al., “Air-ground integrated mobile edge networks: Architecture, challenges, and opportunities,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 26–32, Aug. 2018.
[5]
F. Dong, F. Liu, Y. Cui, W. Wang, K. Han, and Z. Wang, “Sensing as a service in 6G perceptive networks: A unified framework for ISAC resource allocation,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 3522–3536, May 2023.
[6]
H. Wu, X. Tao, N. Zhang, and X. Shen, “Cooperative UAV cluster-assisted terrestrial cellular networks for ubiquitous coverage,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 2045–2058, Sep. 2018.
[7]
Q. Wu et al., “A comprehensive overview on 5G-and-beyond networks with UAVs: From communications to sensing and intelligence,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 2912–2945, Oct. 2021.
[8]
X. Shi, C. Yang, W. Xie, C. Liang, Z. Shi, and J. Chen, “Anti-drone system with multiple surveillance technologies: Architecture, implementation, and challenges,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 68–74, Apr. 2018.
[9]
Md. L. Rahman, J. A. Zhang, X. Huang, Y. J. Guo, and R. W. Heath, “Framework for a perceptive mobile network using joint communication and radar sensing,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1926–1941, Jun. 2020.
[10]
Y. Zhang, H. Shan, H. Chen, D. Mi, and Z. Shi, “Perceptive mobile networks for unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance: From the perspective of cooperative sensing,” IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 60–69, Jun. 2024.
[11]
L. Xie, S. Song, Y. C. Eldar, and K. B. Letaief, “Collaborative sensing in perceptive mobile networks: Opportunities and challenges,” IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 16–23, Feb. 2023.
[12]
B. Li, A. P. Petropulu, and W. Trappe, “Optimum co-design for spectrum sharing between matrix completion based MIMO radars and a MIMO communication system,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 64, no. 17, pp. 4562–4575, Sep. 2016.
[13]
F. Liu, Y.-F. Liu, A. Li, C. Masouros, and Y. C. Eldar, “Cramér-rao bound optimization for joint radar-communication beamforming,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 70, pp. 240–253, 2022.
[14]
L. Xie, P. Wang, S. Song, and K. B. Letaief, “Perceptive mobile network with distributed target monitoring terminals: Leaking communication energy for sensing,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 10193–10207, Dec. 2022.
[15]
C. Skouroumounis, C. Psomas, and I. Krikidis, “Cooperative detection for mmWave radar-communication systems,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Workshops (ICC Workshops), Jun. 2020, pp. 1–6.
[16]
J. Ge, H. Wang, G. Liu, and W. Lv, “The design and implementation of multi-radar signal-level cooperative detection system,” in Proc. CIE Int. Conf. Radar (Radar), Dec. 2021, pp. 2636–2640.
[17]
M. Alzenad and H. Yanikomeroglu, “Coverage and rate analysis for vertical heterogeneous networks (VHetNets),” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 5643–5657, Dec. 2019.
[18]
Q. Shi, L. Liu, S. Zhang, and S. Cui, “Device-free sensing in OFDM cellular network,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1838–1853, Jun. 2022.
[19]
X. Li, J. Fang, H. Duan, Z. Chen, and H. Li, “Fast beam alignment for millimeter wave communications: A sparse encoding and phaseless decoding approach,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 17, pp. 4402–4417, Sep. 2019.
[20]
M. N. Kulkarni, A. Ghosh, and J. G. Andrews, “A comparison of MIMO techniques in downlink millimeter wave cellular networks with hybrid beamforming,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 1952–1967, May 2016.
[21]
Y. Song, C. Liu, Y. Liu, N. Cheng, Y. Huang, and X. Shen, “Joint spatial division and multiplexing in massive MIMO: A neighbor-based approach,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 7392–7406, Nov. 2020.
[22]
J. Li, A. Huang, H. Shan, H. H. Yang, and T. Q. S. Quek, “Analysis of packet throughput in small cell networks under clustered dynamic TDD,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 5729–5742, Sep. 2018.
[23]
J.-S. Ferenc and Z. Néda, “On the size distribution of Poisson Voronoi cells,” Phys. A, Stat. Mech. Appl., vol. 385, no. 2, pp. 518–526, Nov. 2007.
[24]
M. Chung, L. Liu, and O. Edfors, “Phase-noise compensation for OFDM systems exploiting coherence bandwidth: Modeling, algorithms, and analysis,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 3040–3056, May 2022.
[25]
Y. Xiong, F. Liu, Y. Cui, W. Yuan, T. X. Han, and G. Caire, “On the fundamental tradeoff of integrated sensing and communications under Gaussian channels,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 5723–5751, Sep. 2023.
[26]
S. D. Liyanaarachchi, T. Riihonen, C. B. Barneto, and M. Valkama, “Optimized waveforms for 5G-6G communication with sensing: Theory, simulations and experiments,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 8301–8315, Dec. 2021.
[27]
U. Madhow, Fundamentals of Digital Communication. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2008.
[28]
S. Zhang et al., “Energy-efficient massive MIMO with decentralized precoder design,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 15370–15384, Dec. 2020.
[29]
M. Giordani, M. Polese, A. Roy, D. Castor, and M. Zorzi, “Standalone and non-standalone beam management for 3GPP NR at mmWaves,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 123–129, Apr. 2019.
[30]
A. Al-Hourani, S. Kandeepan, and S. Lardner, “Optimal LAP altitude for maximum coverage,” IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 569–572, Dec. 2014.
[31]
Z. Hong, K. Liu, R. W. Heath, and A. M. Sayeed, “Spatial multiplexing in correlated fading via the virtual channel representation,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 856–866, Jun. 2003.
[32]
T. Bai and R. W. Heath, “Coverage and rate analysis for millimeter-wave cellular networks,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1100–1114, Feb. 2015.
[33]
D. Kim, J. Lee, and T. Q. S. Quek, “Multi-layer unmanned aerial vehicle networks: Modeling and performance analysis,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 325–339, Jan. 2020.
[34]
H. Du et al., “Semantic communications for wireless sensing: RIS-aided encoding and self-supervised decoding,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 2547–2562, Aug. 2023.
[35]
Y. Zhong, T. Q. S. Quek, and X. Ge, “Heterogeneous cellular networks with spatio-temporal traffic: Delay analysis and scheduling,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1373–1386, Jun. 2017.
[36]
R. S. Esfandiari, Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists Using MATLAB. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2017.
[37]
W. H. Press, Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd ed., Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007.
[38]
C.-S. Choi, J. O. Woo, and J. G. Andrews, “An analytical framework for modeling a spatially repulsive cellular network,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 862–874, Feb. 2018.
[39]
A. Munari, L. Simic, and M. Petrova, “Stochastic geometry interference analysis of radar network performance,” IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 2362–2365, Nov. 2018.
[40]
R. W. Heath Jr., T. Wu, Y. H. Kwon, and A. C. K. Soong, “Multiuser MIMO in distributed antenna systems with out-of-cell interference,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 4885–4899, Oct. 2011.
[41]
D. Bertsekas, Nonlinear Programming. Belmont, MA, USA: Athena Scientific, 2016.
[42]
P. Burt and E. Adelson, “The Laplacian pyramid as a compact image code,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-31, no. 4, pp. 532–540, Apr. 1983.
[43]
I. S. Gradshtein, I. M. Ryžhik, and A. Jeffrey, Table of Integrals, Series, and Products. New York, NY, USA: Academic, 2007.
[44]
H. Alzer, “On some inequalities for the incomplete gamma function,” Math. Comput., vol. 66, no. 218, pp. 771–778, 1997.
Index Terms
- Perceptive Mobile Networks for Standalone and Cooperative UAV Surveillance
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
Recommendations
Collaborative Sensing in Perceptive Mobile Networks: Opportunities and Challenges
With the development of innovative applications that demand accurate environment information, for example, autonomous driving, sensing becomes an important requirement for future wireless networks. To this end, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) ...
Multi-UAV cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive UAV network
ICCIP '19: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communication and Information ProcessingUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are characterized by various functions, such as flexibility and easy operation, which enable them to be widely used in certain dangerous scenarios. Considering that the cooperative working mode of multi-UAV will have an ...
The use of wireless networks for the surveillance and control of cooperative vehicles in an airport
The paper focusses on the use of wireless networks, with special emphasis on Wi-Fi, in the manoeuvering and apron areas of an airport to control the ground vehicles movements in those areas and, consequently, to improve user safety, efficiency of ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
1536-1276 © 2024 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
Publisher
IEEE Press
Publication History
Published: 01 December 2024
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 07 Mar 2025