Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/1138929.1138946acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicseConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Economic perspectives in test automation: balancing automated and manual testing with opportunity cost

Published: 23 May 2006 Publication History

Abstract

Testing is a major cost factor in software development. Test automation has been proposed as one solution to reduce these costs. Test automation tools promise to increase the number of tests they run and the frequency at which they run them. So why not automate every test? In this paper we discuss the question "When should a test be automated?" and the trade-off between automated and manual testing. We reveal problems in the overly simplistic cost models commonly used to make decisions about automating testing. We introduce an alternative model based on opportunity cost and present influencing factors on the decision of whether or not to invest in test automation. Our aim is to stimulate discussion about these factors as well as their influence on the benefits and costs of automated testing in order to support researchers and practitioners reflecting on proposed automation approaches.

References

[1]
Amland, S., Risk Based Testing and Metrics. 5th Int. Software Testing Analysis & Review Conference (EuroSTAR'99), Barcelona, Spain, Nov. 1999.
[2]
Bach, J., Test Automation Snake Oil, 14th International Conference and Exposition on Testing Computer Software, Washington, DC, 1999.
[3]
Boehm B.: Software Risk Management: Principles and Practices. IEEE Software, pp. 32--41, Jan. 1991.
[4]
Boehm, B., Value-Based Software Engineering: Overview and Agenda. In: Biffl S. et al.: Value-Based Software Engineering. Springer, 2005.
[5]
Boehm, B., Basili, V.R., Software Defect Reduction Top 10 List, IEEE Computer, pp. 135--137, January 2001.
[6]
Compuware QADirector, Advanced risk-based test management. Compuware2006 (www.compuware.com/products/qacenter/qadirector.htm).
[7]
Dustin, E. et. al., Automated Software Testing, Addison-Wesley, 1999.
[8]
Fewster, M., Graham, D., Software Test Automation: Effective Use of Text Execution Tool, Addison-Wesley, 1999.
[9]
Harrold, M.J.: Testing: A Roadmap. In: The Future of Software Engineering, ed by Finkelstein, A., 22th International Conference on Software Engineering, Limerick, Ireland, June 2000.
[10]
Highsmith, J., Agile Software Development Ecosystems, Addison-Wesley, 2002.
[11]
Hoffman, D., Cost Benefits Analysis of Test Automation, Software Testing Analysis & Review Conference (STAR East). Orlando, FL, May 1999.
[12]
Kaner, C., Bach, J., and Pettichord, B., Lessons Learned in Software Testing, Wiley, 2002.
[13]
Kaner, C., What is a Good Test Case, Software Testing Analysis & Review Conference (STAR East). May 2003.
[14]
Kruchten, P., The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction, 3rd Ed., Addison-Wesley, 2003.
[15]
Link, J., Unit Testing in Java: How Tests Drive the Code, Morgan Kaufmann, 2003.
[16]
Linz, T., Daigl, M., GUI Testing Made Painless. Implementation and results of the ESSI Project Number 24306, 1998. In: Dustin, et. al., Automated Software Testing, Addison-Wesley, 1999, pp. 52.
[17]
Mankiw G. W., Principles of Economics, 2nd Ed. Hartcourt College Publishers, 1998.
[18]
Marick, B., When Should a Test Be Automated, Software Testing Analysis & Review Conference (STAR East). Orlando, FL, May 1999.
[19]
Persson, C., Yilmaztürk, N., Establishment of Automated Regression Testing at ABB: Industiral Experience Report on Avoiding the Pitfalls, 19th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE'04), Linz, Austria, 2004.
[20]
Ramler R., Weippl E., Winterer M., Schwinger W., and Altmann J., A Quality-Driven Approach to Web-Testing. 2nd Conf. on Web Engineering (ICWE'02), Santa Fe, Argentina, Sept. 2002.
[21]
Ramler R., Biffl S., Grünbacher P., Value-based Management of Software Testing. In: Biffl S. et al.: Value-Based Software Engineering. Springer, 2005.
[22]
Redmill, F., Exploring risk-based testing and its implications. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability. 14, 3--15 (2004).
[23]
Rothermel, G., Elbaum, S., Putting Your Best Tests Forward. IEEE Software, 20(5), pp. 74--77, Sept/Oct 2003.
[24]
Schwaber, C., Gilpin, M., Evaluating Automated Functional Testing Tools, Forrester Research, February 2005.
[25]
Voas, J. M., Morell, L. J., and Miller, K. W., Predicting where faults can hide from testing. IEEE Software, 8(2), pp. 41--48, March 1991.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Leveraging Pre-Trained Large Language Models (LLMs) for On-Premises Comprehensive Automated Test Case Generation: An Empirical Study2024 9th International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS)10.1109/ICIIBMS62405.2024.10792720(597-607)Online publication date: 21-Nov-2024
  • (2023)On the roles of software testers: An exploratory studyJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2023.111742204(111742)Online publication date: Oct-2023
  • (2023)The role of Reinforcement Learning in software testingInformation and Software Technology10.1016/j.infsof.2023.107325164(107325)Online publication date: Dec-2023
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
AST '06: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Automation of software test
May 2006
128 pages
ISBN:1595934081
DOI:10.1145/1138929
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 23 May 2006

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. automated testing
  2. benefits and costs of automation
  3. manual testing
  4. testing economics

Qualifiers

  • Article

Conference

ICSE06
Sponsor:

Upcoming Conference

ICSE 2025

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)73
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)10
Reflects downloads up to 23 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Leveraging Pre-Trained Large Language Models (LLMs) for On-Premises Comprehensive Automated Test Case Generation: An Empirical Study2024 9th International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS)10.1109/ICIIBMS62405.2024.10792720(597-607)Online publication date: 21-Nov-2024
  • (2023)On the roles of software testers: An exploratory studyJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2023.111742204(111742)Online publication date: Oct-2023
  • (2023)The role of Reinforcement Learning in software testingInformation and Software Technology10.1016/j.infsof.2023.107325164(107325)Online publication date: Dec-2023
  • (2022)A software engineering perspective on engineering machine learning systemsJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2021.111031180:COnline publication date: 22-Apr-2022
  • (2021)Experiences and Practices in GUI Functional Testing: A Software Practitioners’ ViewProceedings of the XXXV Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering10.1145/3474624.3474640(195-204)Online publication date: 27-Sep-2021
  • (2021)Critical Analysis of Manual Versus Automation Testing2021 International Conference on Computational Performance Evaluation (ComPE)10.1109/ComPE53109.2021.9752388(132-135)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021
  • (2021)Test case generation for agent-based models: A systematic literature reviewInformation and Software Technology10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106567135(106567)Online publication date: Jul-2021
  • (2021)Automated driver management for selenium WebDriverEmpirical Software Engineering10.1007/s10664-021-09975-326:5Online publication date: 23-Jul-2021
  • (2021)Web Test Automation: Insights from the Grey LiteratureSOFSEM 2021: Theory and Practice of Computer Science10.1007/978-3-030-67731-2_35(472-485)Online publication date: 11-Jan-2021
  • (2020)DevOps Project Management Tools for Sprint Planning, Estimation and Execution MaturityCybernetics and Information Technologies10.2478/cait-2020-001820:2(79-92)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2020
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media