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Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface scattering

Authors:

Wolfgang KruegerAuthors Info & Claims

SIGGRAPH '93: Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques

Pages 165 - 174

https://doi.org/10.1145/166117.166139

Published: 01 September 1993 Publication History

Abstract

The reflection of light from most materials consists of two major terms: the specular and the diffuse. Specular reflection may be modeled from first principles by considering a rough surface consisting of perfect reflectors, or micro-facets. Diffuse reflection is generally considered to result from multiple scattering either from a rough surface or from within a layer near the surface. Accounting for diffuse reflection by Lambert?s Cosine Law, as is universally done in computer graphics, is not a physical theory based on first principles.

This paper presents a model for subsurface scattering in layered surfaces in terms of one-dimensional linear transport theory. We derive explicit formulas for backscattering and transmission that can be directly incorporated in most rendering systems, and a general Monte Carlo method that is easily added to a ray tracer. This model is particularly appropriate for common layered materials appearing in nature, such as biological tissues (e.g. skin, leaves, etc.) or inorganic materials (e.g. snow, sand, paint, varnished or dusty surfaces). As an application of the model, we simulate the appearance of a face and a cluster of leaves from experimental data describing their layer properties.

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Hanrahan P(2024)The Math Behind the MoviesFrontiers for Young Minds10.3389/frym.2023.116641511Online publication date: 25-Jan-2024
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Belhe YXu BBangaru SRamamoorthi RLi T(2024)Importance Sampling BRDF DerivativesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/364861143:3(1-21)Online publication date: 9-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3648611
d'Eon EWeidlich A(2024)VMF Diffuse: A unified rough diffuse BRDFComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1514943:4Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
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Index Terms

Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface scattering
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Rendering
      1. Ray tracing
      2. Reflectance modeling
  2. Modeling and simulation
    1. Simulation types and techniques
2. Mathematics of computing
  1. Mathematical analysis
    1. Differential equations
      1. Partial differential equations
  2. Probability and statistics
    1. Probabilistic reasoning algorithms
      1. Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods
      2. Sequential Monte Carlo methods

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cover image ACM Conferences

SIGGRAPH '93: Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques

September 1993

432 pages

ISBN:0897916018

DOI:10.1145/166117

Chairman:
Mary C. Whitton

Seminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries, Volume 2
August 2023
893 pages
ISBN:9798400708978
DOI:10.1145/3596711
Editor:
Mary C. Whitton
Department of Computer Science, UNC Chapel Hill, USA

Copyright © 1993 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Published: 01 September 1993

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SIGGRAPH93: 20th Annual Conference and Exhibition on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

August 2 - 6, 1993

CA, Anaheim

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SIGGRAPH '93 Paper Acceptance Rate 46 of 225 submissions, 20%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,822 of 8,601 submissions, 21%

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Cited By

Hanrahan P(2024)The Math Behind the MoviesFrontiers for Young Minds10.3389/frym.2023.116641511Online publication date: 25-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1166415
Belhe YXu BBangaru SRamamoorthi RLi T(2024)Importance Sampling BRDF DerivativesACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/364861143:3(1-21)Online publication date: 9-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3648611
d'Eon EWeidlich A(2024)VMF Diffuse: A unified rough diffuse BRDFComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1514943:4Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15149
Lanza DPadrón‐Griffe JPranovich AMuñoz AFrisvad JJarabo A(2024)Practical Appearance Model for Foundation CosmeticsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1514843:4Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15148
Fu LGuo QJuefei-Xu FYu HLiu YFeng WWang S(2024)Benchmarking Shadow Removal for Facial Landmark Detection2024 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI)10.1109/CAI59869.2024.00059(265-271)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/CAI59869.2024.00059
Liao CSawayama MXiao B(2023)Unsupervised learning reveals interpretable latent representations for translucency perceptionPLOS Computational Biology10.1371/journal.pcbi.101087819:2(e1010878)Online publication date: 8-Feb-2023
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010878
Debevec PHawkins TTchou CSarokin WSagar M(2023)Acquiring the Reflectance Field of a Human FaceSeminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries, Volume 210.1145/3596711.3596762(475-486)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3596711.3596762
Wann Jensen HMarschner SLevoy MHanrahan P(2023)A Practical Model for Subsurface Light TransportSeminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries, Volume 210.1145/3596711.3596747(319-326)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3596711.3596747
Liang SGao YHu CZhou PHao AWang LQin H(2023)State of the Art in Efficient Translucent Material Rendering with BSSRDFComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1499843:1Online publication date: 22-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14998
Zhao WAhmad DToth JBascom RHiggins W(2023)Endobronchial Ultrasound Image Simulation for Image-Guided BronchoscopyIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering10.1109/TBME.2022.319016570:1(318-330)Online publication date: Jan-2023
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