research-article

Runtime Verification for LTL and TLTL

Authors:

Martin Leucker,

Christian SchallhartAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), Volume 20, Issue 4

Article No.: 14, Pages 1 - 64

https://doi.org/10.1145/2000799.2000800

Published: 01 September 2011 Publication History

Abstract

This article studies runtime verification of properties expressed either in lineartime temporal logic (LTL) or timed lineartime temporal logic (TLTL). It classifies runtime verification in identifying its distinguishing features to model checking and testing, respectively. It introduces a three-valued semantics (with truth values true, false, inconclusive) as an adequate interpretation as to whether a partial observation of a running system meets an LTL or TLTL property.

For LTL, a conceptually simple monitor generation procedure is given, which is optimal in two respects: First, the size of the generated deterministic monitor is minimal, and, second, the monitor identifies a continuously monitored trace as either satisfying or falsifying a property as early as possible. The feasibility of the developed methodology is demontrated using a collection of real-world temporal logic specifications. Moreover, the presented approach is related to the properties monitorable in general and is compared to existing concepts in the literature. It is shown that the set of monitorable properties does not only encompass the safety and cosafety properties but is strictly larger.

For TLTL, the same road map is followed by first defining a three-valued semantics. The corresponding construction of a timed monitor is more involved, yet, as shown, possible.

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cover image ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology

ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology Volume 20, Issue 4

September 2011

242 pages

ISSN:1049-331X

EISSN:1557-7392

DOI:10.1145/2000799

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Copyright © 2011 ACM.

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Publication History

Published: 01 September 2011

Accepted: 01 August 2009

Revised: 01 July 2009

Received: 01 September 2008

Published in TOSEM Volume 20, Issue 4

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