Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

Data-driven link quality prediction using link features

Published: 31 January 2014 Publication History

Abstract

As an integral part of reliable communication in wireless networks, effective link estimation is essential for routing protocols. However, due to the dynamic nature of wireless channels, accurate link quality estimation remains a challenging task. In this article, we propose 4C, a novel link estimator that applies link quality prediction along with link estimation. Our approach is data driven and consists of three steps: data collection, offline modeling, and online prediction. The data collection step involves gathering link quality data, and based on our analysis of the data, we propose a set of guidelines for the amount of data to be collected in our experimental scenarios. The modeling step includes offline prediction model training and selection. We present three prediction models that utilize different machine learning methods, namely, naive Bayes classifier, logistic regression, and artificial neural networks. Our models take a combination of PRR and the physical-layer information, that is, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Link Quality Indicator (LQI) as input, and output the success probability of delivering the next packet. From our analysis and experiments, we find that logistic regression works well among the three models with small computational cost. Finally, the third step involves the implementation of 4C, a receiver-initiated online link quality prediction module that computes the short temporal link quality. We conducted extensive experiments in the Motelab and our local indoor testbeds, as well as an outdoor deployment. Our results with single- and multiple-senders experiments show that with 4C, CTP improves the average cost of delivering a packet by 20% to 30%. In some cases, the improvement is larger than 45%.

References

[1]
Muhammad Hamad Alizai, Olaf Landsiedel, Jó Ágila Bitsch Link, Stefan Götz, and Klaus Wehrle. 2009. Bursty traffic over bursty links. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 71--84.
[2]
Hesham Amin, K. Memy Curtis, and Barrie R. Hayes-Gill. 1997. Piecewise linear approximation applied to nonlinear function of a neural network. IEEE Proc. Circ. Devices Syst. 144, 6, 313--317.
[3]
Nouha Baccour, Anis Koubâ, Habib Youssef, Maissa Ben Jamâa, Denis Do Rosário, Mário Alves, and Leandro Becker. 2010. F-LQE: A fuzzy link quality estimator for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN'10). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5970, Springer, 240--255.
[4]
Nouha Baccour, Anis Koubâa, Luca Mottola, Marco A. Zúniga, Habib Youssef, Carlo Alberto Boano, and Mário Alves. 2012. Radio link quality estimation in wireless sensor networks: A survey. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 8, 4.
[5]
Christopher M. Bishop. 2006. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer, 380--382.
[6]
Carlo A. Boano, Marco Zúñiga, Thiemo Voigt, Andreas Willig, and Kay Römer. 2010. The triangle metric: Fast link quality estimation for mobile wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN'10). 1--7.
[7]
George Casella and Roger L. Berger. 2001. Statistical Inference. Duxbury Press.
[8]
Alberto Cerpa and Deborah Estrin. 2003. SCALE: A tool for simple connectivity assessment in lossy environments. Tech. rep. 0021. University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
[9]
Alberto Cerpa, Jennifer Wong, Louane Kuang, Miodrag Potkonjak, and Deborah Estrin. 2005a. Statistical model of lossy links in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05). 81--88. http://andes.ucmerced.edu/papers/Cerpa05a.pdf.
[10]
Alberto Cerpa, Jennifer Wong, Miodrag Potkonjak, and Deborah Estrin. 2005b. Temporal properties of low power wireless links: Modeling and implications on multi-hop routing. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc'05). ACM Press, New York, 414--425.
[11]
Douglas S. J. De Couto, Daniel Aguayo, John Bicket, and Robert Morris. 2003. A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'03). ACM Press, New York, 134--146.
[12]
Richard Draves, Jitendra Padhye, and Brian Zill. 2004. Comparison of routing metrics for static multi-hop wireless networks. In Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (SIGCOMM'04). ACM Press, New York, 133--144.
[13]
Károly Farkas, Theus Hossmann, Franck Legendre, Bernhard Plattner, and Sajal K. Das. 2008. Link quality prediction in mesh networks. Comput. Comm. 31, 8, 1497--1512.
[14]
Károly Farkas, Theus Hossmann, Lukas Ruf, and Bernhard Plattner. 2006. Pattern matching based link quality prediction in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM'06). 239--246.
[15]
Rodrigo Fonseca, Omprakash Gnawali, Kyle Jamieson, and Philip Levis. 2007. Four-bit wireless link estimation. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets'07).
[16]
Omprakash Gnawali, Rodrigo Fonseca, Kyle Jamieson, David Moss, and Philip Levis. 2009. Collection tree protocol. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'09). ACM Press, New York, 1--14.
[17]
Carles Gomez, Antoni Boix, and Josep Paradells. 2010. Impact of lqi-based routing metrics on the performance of a one-to-one routing protocol for ieee 802.15.4 multihop networks. EURASIP J. Wirel. Comm. Netw. 6.
[18]
Martin T. Hagan, Howard B. Demuth, and Mark H. Beale. 1996. Neural Network Design. Thomson Learning.
[19]
Anand Kashyap, Samrat Ganguly, and Samir R. Das. 2007. A measurement-based approach to modeling link capacity in 802.11-based wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'07). ACM Press, New York, 242--253.
[20]
Minkyong Kim and Brian Noble. 2001. Mobile network estimation. In Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'01). ACM Press, New York, 298--309.
[21]
Dhananjay Lai, Arati Manjeshwar, Falk Herrmann, Elif Uysal-Biyikoglu, and Abtin Keshavarzian. 2003. Measurement and characterization of link quality metrics in energy constrained wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM'03). 446--452.
[22]
Philip Levis, Samuel Madden, Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, Kamin Whitehouse, Alec Woo, David Gay, Jason Hill, Matt Welsh, Eric Brewer, and David Culler. 2005. TinyOS: An operating system for sensor networks. In Ambient Intelligence, Springer, 115--148.
[23]
Philip Levis, Neil Patel, David Culler, and Scott Shenker. 2004. Trickle: A self-regulating algorithm for code propagation and maintenance in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI'04). USENIX Association, 2.
[24]
Tao Liu and Alberto Cerpa. 2012. TALENT: Temporal adaptive link estimator with no training. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys'12). 253--266.
[25]
Tao Liu, Ankur Kamthe, Lun Jiang, and Alberto Cerpa. 2009. Performance evaluation of link quality estimation metrics for static multihop wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh, and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON'09). 1--9.
[26]
Tom M. Mitchell. 1997. Machine Learning. McGraw Hill Higher Education, 180--212.
[27]
Moteiv Corporation. 2013. TMote sky datasheet. http://www.snm.ethz.ch/Projects/TmoteSky.
[28]
MultihopLqi. 2013. TinyOS 1.x. http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/MultiHopLQI.
[29]
Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, and David Culler. 2005. Telos: Enabling ultra-low power wireless research. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05). 364--369.
[30]
Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, Alan Mainwaring, David Culler, and John Anderson. 2004. In Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 399--423.
[31]
Gregory J. Pottie and William J. Kaiser. 2000. Wireless integrated network sensors. Comm. ACM 43, 5, 51--58.
[32]
Theodore Rappaport. 2001. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 104--106.
[33]
Charles Reis, Ratul Mahajan, Maya Rodrig, David Wetherall, and John Zahorjan. 2006. Measurement-based models of delivery and interference in static wireless networks. SIGCOMM Comput. Comm. Rev. 36, 4, 51--62.
[34]
Christian Renner, Sebastian Ernst, Christoph Weyer, and Volker Turau. 2011. Prediction accuracy of link-quality estimators. In Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN'11).
[35]
Michele Rondinone, Junaid Ansari, Janne Riihijärvi, and Petri Mähönen. 2008. Designing a reliable and stable link quality metric for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks (REALWSN'08). ACM Press, New York, 6--10.
[36]
Murat Senel, Krishnakant Chintalapudi, Dhananjay Lal, Abtin Keshavarzian, and Edward J. Coyle. 2007. A kalman filter based link quality estimation scheme for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM'07). 875--880.
[37]
Dongjin Son, Bhaskar Krishnamachari, and John Heidemann. 2006. Experimental study of concurrent transmission in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys'06). 237--250.
[38]
Kannan Srinivasan, Prabal Dutta, Arsalan Tavakoli, and Philip Levis. 2010. An empirical study of low power wireless. ACM Trans. Sen. Netw. 6, 2.
[39]
Kannan Srinivasan, Maria A. Kazandjieva, Saatvik Agarwal, and Philip Levis. 2008. The β -factor: Measuring wireless link burstiness. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (SenSys'08). 29--42.
[40]
Kannan Srinivasan and Philip Levis. 2006. RSSI is under appreciated. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (EmNets'06).
[41]
Texas Instruments. 2013. ChipCon cc2420. http://www.ti.com/product/cc2420.
[42]
Gilman Tolle and David Culler. 2005. Design of an application-cooperative management system for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN'05). 121--132.
[43]
YongWang, Margaret Martonosi, and Li-Shiuan Peh. 2007. Predicting link quality using supervised learning in wireless sensor networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Comput. Comm. Rev. 11, 3, 71--83.
[44]
Geoff Werner, Konrad Lorincz, Jeff Johnson, Jonathan Lees, and Matt Welsh. 2006. Fidelity and yield in a volcano monitoring sensor network. In Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'06). 381--396.
[45]
Geoffrey Werner-Allen, Patrick Swieskowski, and Matt Welsh. 2005. MoteLab: A wireless sensor network testbed. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05).
[46]
Alec Woo, Terence Tong, and David Culler. 2003. Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'03).
[47]
Ning Xu, Sumit Rangwala, Krishna Kant Chintalapudi, Deepak Ganesan, Alan Broad, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. 2004. A wireless sensor network for structural monitoring. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'04). 13--24.
[48]
Jerry Zhao and Ramesh Govindan. 2003. Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'03). 1--13.
[49]
Gang Zhou, Tian He, Sudha Krishnamurthy, and John A. Stankovic. 2004. Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys'04). 125--138.
[50]
Marco Zuniga and Bhaskar Krishnamachari. 2004. Analyzing the transitional region in low power wireless links. In Proceedings of the 1st Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON'04). 517--526.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Impacts of Transmission Power Control on Link Quality Estimation in Wireless Sensor NetworksIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.336838112(61388-61400)Online publication date: 2024
  • (2023) ATPP: A Mobile App Prediction System Based on Deep Marked Temporal Point ProcessesACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/358255519:3(1-24)Online publication date: 5-Apr-2023
  • (2023)Eliminating Mapping Error of Link Quality Prediction for Low-Power Wireless NetworksIEEE Sensors Journal10.1109/JSEN.2023.327521923:13(15032-15045)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2023
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Data-driven link quality prediction using link features

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
      ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks  Volume 10, Issue 2
      January 2014
      609 pages
      ISSN:1550-4859
      EISSN:1550-4867
      DOI:10.1145/2575808
      Issue’s Table of Contents
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Journal Family

      Publication History

      Published: 31 January 2014
      Accepted: 01 September 2013
      Revised: 01 September 2013
      Received: 01 February 2012
      Published in TOSN Volume 10, Issue 2

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. Link quality estimation
      2. link quality prediction

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article
      • Research
      • Refereed

      Funding Sources

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)46
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
      Reflects downloads up to 30 Aug 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Impacts of Transmission Power Control on Link Quality Estimation in Wireless Sensor NetworksIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.336838112(61388-61400)Online publication date: 2024
      • (2023) ATPP: A Mobile App Prediction System Based on Deep Marked Temporal Point ProcessesACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/358255519:3(1-24)Online publication date: 5-Apr-2023
      • (2023)Eliminating Mapping Error of Link Quality Prediction for Low-Power Wireless NetworksIEEE Sensors Journal10.1109/JSEN.2023.327521923:13(15032-15045)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2023
      • (2023)Characterization of Low-Power Wireless Links in UAV-Assisted Wireless-Sensor NetworkIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2022.323357610:7(5823-5842)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2023
      • (2023)Short-Term Wireless Connectivity Prediction for Connected Agricultural Vehicles2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10421944(5864-5869)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2023
      • (2023)Link Characterization and Edge-Centric Predictive Modeling in an Ocean NetworkIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.323538711(5031-5046)Online publication date: 2023
      • (2022)Recurrent Neural Network Based Link Quality Prediction for Fluctuating Low Power Wireless LinksSensors10.3390/s2203121222:3(1212)Online publication date: 5-Feb-2022
      • (2022)Link quality estimation based on over-sampling and weighted random forestComputer Science and Information Systems10.2298/CSIS201218041L19:1(25-45)Online publication date: 2022
      • (2022)Statistical Characteristic of Link Quality Metrics in UAV assisted Low Power Wireless Networks2022 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS)10.1109/ICUS55513.2022.9987077(333-339)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2022
      • (2022)Cognitive quality of service predictions in multi-node wireless sensor networksComputer Communications10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.042193(155-167)Online publication date: Sep-2022
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      Get Access

      Login options

      Full Access

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media