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Reducing power in high-performance microprocessors

Published: 01 May 1998 Publication History

Abstract

Power consumption has become one of the biggest challenges in high-performance microprocessor design. The rapid increase in the complexity and speed of each new CPU generation is outstripping the benefits of voltage reduction and feature size scaling. Designers are thus continuously challenged to come up with innovative ways to reduce power, while trying to meet all the other constraints imposed on the design. This paper presents an overview of the issues related to power consumption in the context of Intel CPUs. The main trends that are driving the increased focus on design for low power are described. System and benchmarking issues, and sources of power consumption in a high-performance CPU are briefly described. Techniques that have been tried on real designs in the past are described. The role of CAD tools and their limitations in this domain will also be discussed. In addition, areas that need increased research focus in the future are also pointed out.

References

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ACPI home page. http://www, teleport, com/~acpi.
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$. Borkar, Intel Corp. Personal communication.
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A. Chandrakasan, R. Brodersen. Minimizing power consumption in digital CMOS circuits?roceedings of the IEEE83(4), April 1995.
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S. Ellis. Power management in notebook computer't'roc. Silicon Valley Personal Computing Design Conference, July 1991.
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L. Gwennap. Power issues may limit future CPUs. Microprocessor Report, 10( 1 0), August 1996.
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Intel Power Monitor home page. http://developer, intel, com/ial./ipm.
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J. Schutz. A 3.3V 0.6um BiCMOS SuperScalar Microprocessor. I¿CC Digest of Tech. Papers, Feb 1994.
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V. Tiwari, P. Ashar, S. Malik. Technology mapping for low power. Proc. Design Automation Conference, June 1993.
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V. Tiwari, S. Malik, A. Wolfe, T.C. Lee. Instruction level power analysis and optimization of software Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 13(2), August 1996.
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C.Y. Tsui, M. Pedram, A. Despain. Technology decomposition and mapping targeting low power dissipation Proc. Design Automation Conference,June 1993.

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  • (2024)SimPoint-Based Microarchitectural Hotspot & Energy-Efficiency Analysis of RISC-V OoO CPUs2024 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS)10.1109/ISPASS61541.2024.00021(120-131)Online publication date: 5-May-2024
  • (2023)Clock Aware Low Power Placement2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)10.1109/ICCAD57390.2023.10323626(01-08)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2023
  • (2020)Cross-Layer Reliability, Energy Efficiency, and Performance Optimization of Near-Threshold Data PathsJournal of Low Power Electronics and Applications10.3390/jlpea1004004210:4(42)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2020
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cover image ACM Conferences
DAC '98: Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
May 1998
820 pages
ISBN:0897919645
DOI:10.1145/277044
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Publication History

Published: 01 May 1998

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Author Tags

  1. PLA-style logic blocks
  2. programmable logic devices
  3. technology mapping

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DAC98
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DAC98: The 35th ACM/IEEE-CAS/EDAC Design Automation Conference
June 15 - 19, 1998
California, San Francisco, USA

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Overall Acceptance Rate 1,770 of 5,499 submissions, 32%

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  • (2024)SimPoint-Based Microarchitectural Hotspot & Energy-Efficiency Analysis of RISC-V OoO CPUs2024 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS)10.1109/ISPASS61541.2024.00021(120-131)Online publication date: 5-May-2024
  • (2023)Clock Aware Low Power Placement2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)10.1109/ICCAD57390.2023.10323626(01-08)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2023
  • (2020)Cross-Layer Reliability, Energy Efficiency, and Performance Optimization of Near-Threshold Data PathsJournal of Low Power Electronics and Applications10.3390/jlpea1004004210:4(42)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2020
  • (2020)Energy Efficient Design Techniques in Next-Generation Wireless Communication NetworksWireless Communications & Mobile Computing10.1155/2020/72353622020Online publication date: 1-Jan-2020
  • (2020)An Energy Efficient 16T Hybrid-CMOS Full Adder using Novel Full Swing XNOR Logic2020 IEEE Students Conference on Engineering & Systems (SCES)10.1109/SCES50439.2020.9236766(1-6)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2020
  • (2020)SHA-2 Acceleration Meeting the Needs of Emerging Applications: A Comparative SurveyIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2020.29722658(28415-28436)Online publication date: 2020
  • (2020)A novel energy-efficient scheduling model for multi-core systemsCluster Computing10.1007/s10586-020-03143-w24:2(643-666)Online publication date: 29-Jun-2020
  • (2019)Noise-Aware DVFS for Efficient Transitions on Battery-Powered IoT DevicesIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2019.2917844(1-1)Online publication date: 2019
  • (2019)A migration aware scheduling technique for real-time aperiodic tasks over multiprocessor systemsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2901411(1-1)Online publication date: 2019
  • (2019)IntroductionPower Integrity for Electrical and Computer Engineers10.1002/9781119263364.ch1(1-20)Online publication date: 6-Sep-2019
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