research-article

Applicability of watermarking for intellectual property rights protection in a 3D printing scenario

Authors:

Patrice Rondao Alface,

Mireia MontanolaAuthors Info & Claims

Web3D '15: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology

Pages 89 - 95

https://doi.org/10.1145/2775292.2775313

Published: 18 June 2015 Publication History

Abstract

The potential of 3D printing to revolutionize manufacturing is becoming today a reality. Also referred to a class of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, 3D printing enables mass customization and manufacturing of device components, parts of houses, human organs and even food. It reduces production costs, manufacturing time, and necessary storage space. Due to this success, the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for 3D printed models raises increased concerns. Among technologies enabling copyright protection, traitor tracing and authentication, 3D watermarking has received a lot of interest from the research community in the context of 3D digital models.

In this paper we give an overview of the state of the art of 3D digital watermarking and we assess how it could be extended for ensuring the IPR protection of printed 3D models. By considering 3D printing and scanning as an attack, we evaluate the potential of state-of-the-art watermarking techniques to provide both robust protection and also high fidelity as the introduced shape perturbations should not impair the mechanical properties or functionalities of the printed 3D model.

References

[1]

Praun, E., Hoppe, H., & Finkelstein, A. (1999, July). Robust mesh watermarking. In Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (pp. 49--56). ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.

Digital Library

[2]

Zafeiriou, S., Tefas, A., & Pitas, I. (2005). Blind robust watermarking schemes for copyright protection of 3D mesh objects. Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on, 11(5), 596--607.Xavier Rolland-Nevière, Gwenaël Doërr: Anti-Cropping Blind Resynchronization for 3D Watermarking; on Acoustic, Speech Signal Processing (ICASSP) (2015)

Digital Library

[3]

Rolland-Nevière X., Doërr G., Alliez P.: Robust diameterbased thickness estimation of 3D objects; in Graphical Models 75 (2013) 279--296

Digital Library

[4]

Rolland-Nevière X., Doërr G., Alliez P.: Spread Transform and Roughness-based Shaping to Improve 3D Watermarking based on Quadratic Programming; in IEEE International Conference in Image Processing (ICIP) (2014)

[5]

Rondao Alface P.; Macq B.; Cayre F., Blind and robust watermarking of 3D models: How to withstand the cropping attack?. In Image Processing, 2007. ICIP 2007. IEEE International Conference, 2007.

[6]

Mark Yampolskiy, Todd R. Andel, J. Todd McDonald, William B. Glisson, Alec Yasinsac. Intellectual Property Protection in Additive Layer Manufacturing: Requirements for Secure Outsourcing. Proceedings of the 4th Program Protection and Reverse Engineering Workshop (PPREW-4), New Orleans, LA, 9 December 2014

Digital Library

[7]

Fadhel, N. F.; ECS, Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Crowder, R. M.; Akeel, F.; Wills, G. B.: Component for 3D printing provenance framework: Security properties components for provenance framework. Internet Security (WorldCIS), 2014 World Congress on

[8]

Frederic Lefebvre, D. GuCluy, D. Delannay and B. Macq: A print and scan optimized watermarking scheme. IEEE Fourth Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processint, 2001.

[9]

Xavier Rolland-Nevière, Gwenaël Doërr, Pierre Alliez: Triangle Surface Mesh Watermarking Based on a Constrained Optimization Framework; in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (2014)

Digital Library

[10]

J.-S. Tsai, M.-C. Liao, W.-B. Huang, and Y.-H. Kuo. Geodesic distance-based pose-invariant blind watermarking algorithm for three-dimensional triangular mesh model. In Image Processing (ICIP), 17th IEEE International Conference, 2010.

[11]

Ming Luo and Adrian G. Bors. Surface-preserving robust watermarking of 3-D shapes. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2011.

Digital Library

[12]

Guillaume Lavoué, Elisa Drelie Gelasca, Florent Dupont, Atilla Baskurt, and Touradj Ebrahimi. Perceptually-driven 3D distance metrics with application to watermarking. In Applications of Digital Image Processing XXIX, Proceedings of SPIE, August 2006

[13]

Guillaume Lavoué. A multiscale metric for 3D mesh visual quality assessment. Computer Graphics Forum, 30(5):1427--1437, August 2011.

[14]

Fakhri Torkhani, Kai Wang, Jean-Marc Chassery. A curvature-tensor-based Perceptual Quality Metric for 3D Triangular Meshes; in Machine Graphics&Vision (2013)

[15]

Patrice Rondao Alface and Benoit Macq. Blind watermarking of 3d meshes using robust feature points detection. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2005.

[16]

Ming Luo, Kai Wang, Adrian G. Bors, and Guillaume Lavoué. Local patch blind spectral watermarking method for 3d graphics. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, 2009.

Digital Library

[17]

Daniel Trick, Waldemar Berchtold, Marcel Schäfer, and Martin Steinebach. 3d watermarking in the context of video games. In Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2013, pages 418--423, September 2013.

[18]

Cayre, F., Rondao-Alface, P., Schmitt, F., Macq, B., & Maitre, H. (2003). Application of spectral decomposition to compression and watermarking of 3D triangle mesh geometry. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 18(4), 309--319.Ming Luo and Adrian G. Bors. Optimized 3D watermarking for minimal surface distortion. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 22:1822--1835, May 2013.

Digital Library

[19]

Francois Cayre and Benoit Macq. Data hiding on 3-d triangle meshes. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 51:939--949, April 2003.

Digital Library

[20]

Kwangtaek Kim, Mauro Barni, and Hong Z. Tan. Roughness-adaptive 3-D watermarking based on masking effect of surface roughness. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, December 2010.

Digital Library

[21]

Helmut Pottmann, J. Wallner, Q.-X. Huang, and Y.-L. Yang. Integral invariants for robust geometry processing. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 26:37--60, January 2009.

Digital Library

[22]

Roland Hu, Patrice Rondao-Alface, and Benoit Macq. Constrained optimisation of 3D polygonal mesh watermarking by quadratic programming. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pages, April 2009.

Digital Library

[23]

Longjiang Yu, Xiamu Niu, Shenghe Sun: Print-and-scan model and the watermarking countermeasure. Image and Vision Computing 23 (2005)

Digital Library

[24]

J. Bennour; J.-L. Dugelay. Protection of 3D object visual representations. ICME 2006, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, 2006, Toronto, Canada.

[25]

E. Garcia; J.-L. Dugelay. Texture-based watermarking of 3D video objects. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 8, Aug. 2003.

Digital Library

[26]

Yagiz Yasaroglu, A. Aydin Alatan: Optimal Data Embedding in 3D Models for Extraction from 2D Views Using Perspective Invariants, in Digital Forensics and Watermarking (2012)

[27]

I. Cox, J. Bloom, M. Miller: Digital Watermarking, Principles & Practice. Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.

[28]

M. Yampolskiy, T. R. Andel, J. T. McDonald, W. B. Glisson, A. Yasinsac: Intellectual Property Protection in Additive Layer Manufacturing: Requirements for Secure Outsourcing

[29]

N. F. Fadhel, R. M. Crowder, F. Akeel, G. B. Wills: Component for 3D Printing Provenance framework. World Congress on Internet Security, 2014.

[30]

Wong, K. V., & Hernandez, A. (2012). A review of additive manufacturing. ISRN Mechanical Engineering, 2012.

[31]

Ahn, Daekeon, Hochan Kim, and Seokhee Lee. "Surface roughness prediction using measured data and interpolation in layered manufacturing." Journal of materials processing technology 209.2 (2009): 664--671.

[32]

Neamtu, C., Popescu, S., Popescu, D., & Mateescu, R. (2012). Using reverse engineering in archaeology: ceramic pottery reconstruction. Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, 6, 55--59.

[33]

Budzik, G., Markowski, T., & Sobola, M. (2008). Analysis of surface roughness of transmission gear teeth made by different rapid prototyping methods. Journal of KONES, 15, 29--34.

[34]

Izadi, S., Kim, D., Hilliges, O., Molyneaux, D., Newcombe, R., Kohli, P., ... & Fitzgibbon, A. (2011, October). KinectFusion: real-time 3D reconstruction and interaction using a moving depth camera. In Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (pp. 559--568). ACM.

Digital Library

[35]

Wang, K., Lavoué, G., Denis, F., Baskurt, A., & He, X. (2010, June). A benchmark for 3D mesh watermarking. In Shape Modeling International Conference (SMI), 2010 (pp. 231--235). IEEE.

Digital Library

[36]

Lipson, H., & Kurman, M. (2013). Fabricated: The new world of 3D printing. John Wiley & Sons.

Digital Library

[37]

Dubey, N. K., & Kumar, S. (2014, April). A Review of Watermarking Application in Digital Cinema for Piracy Deterrence. In Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2014 Fourth International Conference on (pp. 626--630). IEEE.

Digital Library

[38]

Rondao Alface, P., Macq, B. (2007). From 3D mesh data hiding to 3D shape blind and robust watermarking: a survey. In Transactions on data hiding and multimedia security II (pp. 91--115). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Digital Library

Cited By

Dolgavin AYampolskiy MYung MVilela JSchulmann HLi N(2024)Stop Stealing My Data: Sanitizing Stego Channels in 3D Printing Design FilesProceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy10.1145/3626232.3653276(211-220)Online publication date: 19-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626232.3653276
Alkofahi HAlawneh HSkjellum A(2024)MitM Attacks on Intellectual Property and Integrity of Additive Manufacturing Systems: A Security AnalysisComputers & Security10.1016/j.cose.2024.103810(103810)Online publication date: Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103810
Peng FLong M(2024)3DPS: 3D Printing Signature for Authentication Based on Equipment Distortion ModelDigital Forensics and Watermarking10.1007/978-981-97-2585-4_10(139-150)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2585-4_10
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Applicability of watermarking for intellectual property rights protection in a 3D printing scenario
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Artificial intelligence
    1. Computer vision
      1. Computer vision representations
        Image representations

Recommendations

Cost-effective printing of 3D objects with self-supporting property

The fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer is a simple, affordable and widely used device in the 3D printing society. However, the high price of printing materials is one of major restrictive factors for its further application. Based on the self-...
Visible watermarking with reversibility of multimedia images for ownership declarations

Digital watermarking technology is primarily the joining of the rightful owner of the protected media. Once the media are suspected to be illegally used, an open algorithm can be used to extract the digital watermark for the purpose of showing the media'...
A Copyright Protection using Watermarking Algorithm

In this paper, a digital watermarking algorithm for copyright protection based on the concept of embed digital watermark and modifying frequency coefficients in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain is presented. We embed the watermark into the detail ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

Web3D '15: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology

June 2015

274 pages

ISBN:9781450336475

DOI:10.1145/2775292

Program Chairs:
Jinyuan Jia
TongJi University, China
,
Felix Hamza-Lup
Armstrong State University
,
Tobias Schreck
Graz University of Technology, Austria

Copyright © 2015 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 18 June 2015

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

Web3D '15

Sponsor:

SIGGRAPH

Web3D '15: The 20th International Conference on Web3D Technology

June 18 - 21, 2015

Crete, Heraklion, Greece

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 27 of 71 submissions, 38%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

23
Total Citations
View Citations
651
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)31
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3

Reflects downloads up to 15 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Dolgavin AYampolskiy MYung MVilela JSchulmann HLi N(2024)Stop Stealing My Data: Sanitizing Stego Channels in 3D Printing Design FilesProceedings of the Fourteenth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy10.1145/3626232.3653276(211-220)Online publication date: 19-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626232.3653276
Alkofahi HAlawneh HSkjellum A(2024)MitM Attacks on Intellectual Property and Integrity of Additive Manufacturing Systems: A Security AnalysisComputers & Security10.1016/j.cose.2024.103810(103810)Online publication date: Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103810
Peng FLong M(2024)3DPS: 3D Printing Signature for Authentication Based on Equipment Distortion ModelDigital Forensics and Watermarking10.1007/978-981-97-2585-4_10(139-150)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2585-4_10
Yampolskiy MGatlin J(2023)Data Security in Additive ManufacturingAdditive Manufacturing Design and Applications10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006962(203-209)Online publication date: 30-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006962
Ahsan MRais MAhmed I(2023)SOK: Side Channel Monitoring for Additive Manufacturing - Bridging Cybersecurity and Quality Assurance Communities2023 IEEE 8th European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)10.1109/EuroSP57164.2023.00071(1160-1178)Online publication date: Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/EuroSP57164.2023.00071
Hai OLi JPei MRen QWu XQin BXiao XHe XLi TChen Y(2023)Perovskite-Based Nanostructures for Fluorescence Afterglow AnticounterfeitingACS Applied Nano Materials10.1021/acsanm.3c016256:10(8990-8998)Online publication date: 4-May-2023
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c01625
Yampolskiy MGatlin J(2023)Security Threats in AMSpringer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing10.1007/978-3-031-20752-5_19(303-315)Online publication date: 18-Oct-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20752-5_19
Usama MYaman U(2022)Embedding Information into or onto Additively Manufactured Parts: A Review of QR Codes, Steganography and Watermarking MethodsMaterials10.3390/ma1507259615:7(2596)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072596
Yampolskiy MGraves LGatlin JMcDonald JYung M(2022)Crypto-Steganographic Validity for Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) Design FilesInformation Security10.1007/978-3-031-22390-7_3(40-52)Online publication date: 9-Dec-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22390-7_3
Yampolskiy MGraves LGatlin JSkjellum AYung MBilge LDumitras T(2021)What Did You Add to My Additive Manufacturing Data?: Steganographic Attacks on 3D Printing FilesProceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses10.1145/3471621.3471843(266-281)Online publication date: 6-Oct-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3471621.3471843
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents