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I/O dependent idempotence bugs in intermittent systems

Authors:

Milijana Surbatovich,

Brandon LuciaAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Volume 3, Issue OOPSLA

Article No.: 183, Pages 1 - 31

https://doi.org/10.1145/3360609

Published: 10 October 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Intermittently-powered, energy-harvesting devices operate on energy collected from their environment and must operate intermittently as energy is available.

Runtime systems for such devices often rely on checkpoints or redo-logs to save execution state between power cycles, causing arbitrary code regions to re-execute on reboot. Any non-idempotent program behavior—behavior that can change on each execution—can lead to incorrect results.

This work investigates non-idempotent behavior caused by repeating I/O operations, not addressed by prior work. If such operations affect a control statement or address of a memory update, they can cause programs to take different paths or write to different memory locations on re-executions, resulting in inconsistent memory states. We provide the first characterization of input-dependent idempotence bugs and develop IBIS-S, a program analysis tool for detecting such bugs at compile time, and IBIS-D, a dynamic information flow tracker to detect bugs at runtime.

These tools use taint propagation to determine the reach of input. IBIS-S searches for code patterns leading to inconsistent memory updates, while IBIS-D detects concrete memory inconsistencies. We evaluate IBIS on embedded system drivers and applications. IBIS can detect I/O-dependent idempotence bugs, giving few (IBIS-S) or no (IBIS-D) false positives and providing actionable bug reports. These bugs are common in sensor-driven applications and are not fixed by existing intermittent systems.

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Cited By

Erata FYildiz EGoknil AYildirim KSzefer JPiskac RSezgin G(2023)ETAP: Energy-aware Timing Analysis of Intermittent ProgramsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/356321622:2(1-31)Online publication date: 25-Jan-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563216
Yildiz EAhmed SIslam BHester JYildirim KFedorova ANarayanan DDi Luna GQuerzoni L(2023)Efficient and Safe I/O Operations for Intermittent SystemsProceedings of the Eighteenth European Conference on Computer Systems10.1145/3552326.3587435(63-78)Online publication date: 8-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3552326.3587435
Sliper SWang WNikoleris NWeddell ASavanth APrabhat PMerrett G(2023)Pragmatic Memory-System Support for Intermittent Computing Using Emerging Nonvolatile MemoryIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2022.316826342:1(95-108)Online publication date: Jan-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2022.3168263
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Index Terms

I/O dependent idempotence bugs in intermittent systems
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks
    1. Reliability

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages

Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages Volume 3, Issue OOPSLA

October 2019

2077 pages

EISSN:2475-1421

DOI:10.1145/3366395

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Published: 10 October 2019

Published in PACMPL Volume 3, Issue OOPSLA

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Erata FYildiz EGoknil AYildirim KSzefer JPiskac RSezgin G(2023)ETAP: Energy-aware Timing Analysis of Intermittent ProgramsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/356321622:2(1-31)Online publication date: 25-Jan-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3563216
Yildiz EAhmed SIslam BHester JYildirim KFedorova ANarayanan DDi Luna GQuerzoni L(2023)Efficient and Safe I/O Operations for Intermittent SystemsProceedings of the Eighteenth European Conference on Computer Systems10.1145/3552326.3587435(63-78)Online publication date: 8-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3552326.3587435
Sliper SWang WNikoleris NWeddell ASavanth APrabhat PMerrett G(2023)Pragmatic Memory-System Support for Intermittent Computing Using Emerging Nonvolatile MemoryIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2022.316826342:1(95-108)Online publication date: Jan-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2022.3168263
Derakhshan FDotzel MSurbatovich MJia L(2023)Modal Crash Types for Intermittent ComputingProgramming Languages and Systems10.1007/978-3-031-30044-8_7(168-196)Online publication date: 22-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-30044-8_7
de Winkel JHoefnagel TBlokland BPawełczak PGummeson JLee SGao JXing G(2022)DIPSProceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems10.1145/3560905.3568543(222-235)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3560905.3568543
Krishnan ASchaumont P(2022)Benchmarking and Configuring Security Levels in Intermittent ComputingACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/352274821:4(1-22)Online publication date: 5-Sep-2022
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Hoseinghorban AAbbasinia MEjlali A(2022) PROWL: A Cache Replacement P olicy fo r C o nsistency A w are Renewab l e Powered Devices IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2020.303111410:1(476-487)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022
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Goknil AYildirim K(2022)Toward Sustainable IoT Applications: Unique Challenges for Programming the Batteryless EdgeIEEE Software10.1109/MS.2022.318451939:5(92-100)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022
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Ruppel ESurbatovich MDesai HMaeng KLucia B(2022)An Architectural Charge Management Interface for Energy-Harvesting Systems2022 55th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)10.1109/MICRO56248.2022.00034(318-335)Online publication date: Oct-2022
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